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Manuscript ID : JEST-1710-3979 (R5) Visit : 60 Page: 349 - 364

10.22034/jest.2020.31492.3979

Article Type: Original Research

Soundscape Assessment of Naghshe-Jahan Square in Isfahan via Analysis of Sound Source Frequency Domain

Subject Areas : Architecture and urbanism

abbas  ghaffari 1 (Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Studies, Tabriz Islamic Art Univercity, Tabriz, Iran *(Corresponding Authors))
nasrin  mohsen haghighi 2 (Ph.D. Student, Urban Studies, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Studies, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran)
Mohsen  Dadkhah 3 (M.A., Urban Design, Faculy of Architecture and Urban Studies, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran)

Received: 2017-10-28 Accepted : 2018-09-18 Published : 2020-07-22

Keywords: phonic Quality, Urban space, Soundscape, Frequency Range,

Abstract :

Background and Objective: Soundscape as one of the non-visual aspects of urban landscape requires assessment and redesign that needs evaluation of soundscape and identification of problematic areas and then taking the action according to the precise assessments. Naghshe-Jahan square as an urban space that embraces people from different ages and social groups should be assessed in terms of soundscape quality. Method: The research aimed at assessment of the soundscape quality of Naghshe-Jahan square through frequency classification in octave band. St-8851 sound meter was used for field assessments. 429 points in grid mode was assessed and logarithmic sum of low, mid and high frequency bands was calculated and presented in the form of GIS maps with precise spatial coordinates. Findings: By examining the frequency spectrum of single noise sources, different audio domains in the field were determined based on high, mid and low frequency bands. Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that in the low frequencies, the alignment map was almost homogeneous. At mid frequencies, the pass of horses around the central pool and the entrance of the Qaisariyye Bazar were of high levels, indicating the density of the mid-frequency sound sources, such as human sounds. In high frequencies only the vehicle and gharry paths and water bodies had high sound pressure levels due to the concentration of sound sources with friquencies higher than the 4000 Hz. Finally, strategies and policies were introduced based on the results.

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_||_

  1. Rainbult, M., Dubois, D., 2005. Urban soundscapes: experiences and knowledge. Cities, vol. 22, pp. 239-350.
    2.
  2. Botteldooren, D., Coensel, B., De Meur, T., 2004. The temporal structure of the urban soundscape. Sound & Vibration, Vol.  292(1–2), pp. 105–123.
    3.
  3. Brown, L., 2012. A review of progress in soundscapes and approach to soundscape planning, International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration, Vol. 17(2), pp. 73-81.
    4.
  4. Schafer, M., 1977. The tuning of the world. Alfred A Knopf, New York.
    5.
  5. Truax, B., 2001. Acoustic Communication. Ablex, Vancouver.
    6.
  6. Defra, (Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs). 2007. Noise Mapping. Gov of UK, UK. 
    7.
  7. Schulte-Fortkamp, B., Dubois, D., 2006. Recent advances in soundscape research. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Vol. 92, pp. 5–8.    
    8.
  8. Truax, B., 1978. The World Soundscape Projects Handbook for Acoustic Ecology. Arc Publications, Vancouver.
    9.
  9. Foale, K. 2014. A Listener- centered approach to soundscape analysis. PhD Thesis, University of Salford, UK.
    10.
  10. Decoensel, B., Bockstael, A., Dekoninck, L., Botteldooren, D., Schult-Fortkamp, B., Kang, J., Nilsson, M., 2010. Application of a model for auditory attention to the design of urban soundscapes, 1st EAA- EuroRegio, Slovenia, 15-18 September.
    11.
  11. Lin, H., Lam, K., 2011. Soundscape of urban open spaces in Hong Kong. Asian Geographer, Vol. 27(1-2), pp. 29-42.
    12.
  12. Decoensel, B., Vanwetswinkel, S., Botteldooren, D., 2011. Effects of natural sounds on the perception of road traffic noise,  Acoust. Soc. Am, Vol. 129 (4), pp. 148-153.
    13.
  13. Berglund, B., Eriksen, C.A., Nilsson, M.E., 2001. Exploring the perceptual content in soundscapes. Pabst Science Publishers, Lengerich.
    14.
  14. Schulte-Fortkamp, B., 2002. The meaning of annoyance in relation to the quality of acoustic environments. Noise Health, Vol. 4, pp. 13–18.
    15.
  15. Botteldooren, D., Verkeyn, A., 2002. Fuzzy models for accumulation of reported community noise annoyance from combined sources. Acoust. Soc. Am, Vol. 112, pp. 1496–1508.
    16.
  16. Polli, A., 2012. Soundscape, sonification and sound activism. AI & Soc, Vol. 27, pp. 257-268.
    17.
  17. Saores L., Coelho, 2011. An investigation on the soundscape of public parks in the city of BELEM, Brazil. 18th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 10-14 July.
    18.
  18. Brambilla, G., Gallo, V., Zambon, G., 2013. The soundscape quality in some urban parks in Milan, Italy. Journal of Public Health,Vol. 10, pp. 2348-2369.
    19.
  19. Asdrubali, F, DAlessandro, F., Brambilla, G., Gallo V., 2013. Perceived quality of soundscape in three urban parks in Rome. Acoustic Society of America, Vol. 134 (1).
    20.
  20. Nilsson, M., Jeon, J., Radsten-Ekman, M., Adelsson, O. 2012. A sound walk study on the relationship between soundscape and overall quality of urban outdoor places. Acoustics, Hong Kong.
    21.
  21. De Coensel, B., Boes, M., Oldoni, D., Botteldooren, D., 2013. Characterizing the soundscape of tranquil urban spaces. Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 19.
    22.
  22. Feyzi, M., Menaam, A., Ghazizadeh, N., 2014. Evaluation of acoustic comfort of users in urban parks. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 16. (In Persian)
    23.
  23. Bach, Sh., Dorostkar, E., Simon, B., 2017. Creating urban soundscape map via grounded theory and Nvivo software: case study of district 12 of Tehran. Journal of Environmental Science, Vol 43 (2), pp. 267-284. (In Persian)
    24.
  24. Mohsen Haghighi, N., Ghalehnoee, M., 2016. Evaluation of soundscape in urban open spaces, case study of Khayyam pedestrian area. Scientific community of Architecture and Planning of Iran, Vol 12 (in Persian).
    25.
  25. Shahabian, P., Larimian, F., 2016. Assessment of Soundscape of Valiasr street with an emphasis on people perception of soundscape. Armanshahr Journal of Architecture and Planning, Vol 17. (In Persian)
    26.
  26. Farina, A., 2014. Soundscape Ecology, Principles, Patterns, Methods and Applications. Springer, London and New York, First Eddition.
    27.
  27. Payne, S; Davies, W; Mags, A., 2009. Research into the Practical and Policy Applications of Soundscape Concepts and Techniques in Urban Areas (NANR 200). Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
    28.
  28. Kang, J., 2006. Urban Sound Environment, Taylor and Francis.
    29.
  29. Herranz-pascul, K, Aspuru, I, Garcia, L., 2010. Proposed conceptual model of environmental experience as framework to study the soundscape. InterNoise, Lisbon.
    30.
  30. Brown, A. L., 2011. A review of progress in soundscapes and approach to soundscape planning.  Acoustics and vibration, Vol. 17 (2), pp. 73-81.
    31.
  31. Nilsson, M., 2007. Soundscape quality in urban open spaces. INTER-NOISE, Istanbul, Turkey, 28-31 August.
    32.
  32. Yang, W., and Kang, J., 2005. Acoustic comfort evaluation in urban open public spaces. Applied Acoustic, Vol. 66, pp. 211–229.
    33.
  33. Yu, L., and Kang, J., 2008. Effects of social, demographical and behavioral factors on the sound level evaluation in urban open spaces. Acoustic Society of America, Vol. 123, pp. 772–783.
    34.
  34. Guastavino, C., 2006. The ideal urban soundscape: Investigating the sound quality of French cities. Acta Acust. Acust, Vol. 92, pp. 945–951.
    35.
  35. Jeon, J. Y., Lee, P. J., You, J., and Kang, J., 2010. Perceptual assessment of quality of urban soundscapes with combined noise sources and water sounds. Acoust. Soc. Am, Vol. 127, pp. 1357–1366.
    36.
  36. Pijanowski, B. C, Villanueva-Rivera, L. J, Dumyahn, SL., Farina, A, Krause, BL., Napoletano, B M., Gage, Stuart H., Pieretti, N., 2011. Soundscape Ecology: the science of sound in the landscape. Bioscience, Vol. 61(3), pp. 203- 216.
    37.
  37. Kotzen, B, English, C., 2009. Environmental noise barriers. Spon Press, London and New York, Second Edition.
    38.
  38. Schulte-Fortkamp, B., Fiebig, A., 2006. Soundscape analysis in a residential area: An evaluation of noise and people’s mind. Acta Acustica united with Acustica, Vol. 92(6), pp. 875-880.
    39.
  39. Golmohammadi, R. 2009. Engineering of Sound and Vibration, Daneshjoo Publications, Hamedan. (In Persian)
    40.
  40. Mohsen Haghighi, N. Urban Design Emphasizing on the Impact of Sound Scape on the Perception of Urban Spaces, case Study: Naghshe jahan Square in Isfahan. Master of Urban Design, Art University of Isfahan, 2016. (In Persian)
    41.
  41. Baldinelli, G., Asdrubali, F., D'Alessandro, F., Sberna, A., 2012. Redevelopment of an Urban Open Public Space Using the Soundscape Approach: A Cace Study in CITTA DI CASTELLO. Proceedings of the Internoise, IASME NCAD, USA, New York, Agust 19-22.
    42.
  42. Vermir,G., 2008. The Application of the Soundscape Approach in the Evaluation of the Urban Public Space.  Acoustics, Paris.
    43.

 

 

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