Assessment of Physical, Chemical and Microbial Quality of Drinking Water of Jiroft City
Subject Areas :
Water and Environment
Malihe Amini
1
,
reyhane dehghan
2
1 - Assistant Proffesor, Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran * (Corresponding Author)
2 - M.Sc., Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
Received: 2019-04-08
Accepted : 2019-12-23
Published : 2021-10-23
Keywords:
drinking water,
Jiroft,
Chemical and Biological Quality,
Physical,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: The physical, chemical and microbial properties of drinking water are the basis for judging its drinking potential. Undesirable changes in these parameters can threaten the health of consumers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbial quality of drinking water and compare it with national standards and the Environmental Protection Agency.Material and Methodology: 33 samples from 11 stations in the water distribution network of Jiroft were collected directly. Physical and chemical tests include Electrolytic Conductivity, pH, Turbidity, Residual chlorine, Total soluble solids (TDS), Fluoride and Nitrate were done based on the standard methods and microbial tests also included total coliform and fecal coliform with multi-pipe fermentation method was applied. This study was performed in the 2017 year.Findings: The average of the measured parameters were included electrical conductivity 720.69 microsiem/cm, turbidity 0.53 NTU, pH 7.86, total soluble solids 397.8, chlorine residue 0.32, nitrate 11.77 and chlorine residue 0.66 mg/l. Other than Nitrates and TDS, which were above the national standard, other parameters were in national standards and EPA drinking water. Also, the health quality of the water distribution network in Jiroft was not a problem, and it was at the national level and the EPA.Discussion and Conclusion: In general, it can be said that the drinking water of the Jiroft distribution network is without problem in physically, chemically and biologically aaspects and it is safe to drink.
References:
Heidari, M., Mesdaghinia, A., Miranzadeh, M., Yunesian, M., Naddafi, K., Mahvi, A., Survey on microbial quality of drinking water in rural areas of Kashan and the role of rural water and wastewater company in that improvement. (In Persian)
Sepehrnya, B., Fahimnia, M., Hosseini,. 2007. Assessing the current situation and focal systems for use in water treatment in rural areas. First Conference on Environmental Protection and Sustainable Rural Development; Qom University of Medical Sciences. Iran.
Babaei, A., Ghafarizadeh, F., Nourmoradi, H., Jangali, K., Moslemnia, M., Salimi,, 2014. Investigating the Microbial Quality of Water Treatment Centers in the City of Abadan. (In Persian)
Ngari, M. S., Wangui, W. T., Ngoci, N. S., Wa, B. M. , 2013. Physico-chemical properties of spring water in kabare and baragwi locations, Gichugu Division Kirinyaga County of Kenya.
Dehghani, M., Ghaderpoori, M., Fazlzadeh, M., Golmohamadi,, 2009. Survey of bacteriological quality of the drinking water in rural areas of Saqqez City. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. Vol 2, No (2), pp 132-9. (In Persian)
Godini, K., Sayehmiri, K., Alyan, G., Alavi, S., Rostami,, 2012. Investigation of Microbial and Chemical Quality of Bottled Waters Distributed in Ilam (wester Iran) 2009-10. journal of ilam university of medical sciences. Vol 20, No (2), pp 33-7. (In Persian)
Moeinian, K., Moosavifar, S. I., Rastgou,, 2016. Survey on trend changes of drinking groundwater resources quality: A case study in Lordegan. koomesh. Vol 18, No (3), pp 364-72. (In Persian)
Shams, M., Mohamadi, A., Sajadi, S. , 2012. Evaluation of corrosion and scaling potential of water in rural water supply distribution networks of Tabas, Iran. World Appl Sci J. Vol 17, No (11), pp 1484-89. (In Persian)
Jinturkar, A., Deshmukh, S., Agarkar, S., Chavhan,, 2010. Determination of water quality index by fuzzy logic approach: a case of ground water in an Indian town. Water Science and Technology. Vol 61, No (8), pp 1987-94.
Entezari, A., Mayvaneh,, 2014. Investigation of drinking water quality obtained from groundwater on human diseases in recent decade in mashhad plain. Journal of Applied researches in Geographical Sciences. Vol 13, No (31), pp 157-72. (In Persian)
Eaton, A. D., Clesceri, L. S., Greenberg, A. E., Franson, M. A. , 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American public health association. Vol 1015, No (2), pp 49-51.
Drinking water - Microbiological properties Iranian National Standards Organization.
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American public health association. 2005. Vol 1015, No (2), pp 49-51.
Helbling, D. E., VanBriesen, J. , 2008. Continuous monitoring of residual chlorine concentrations in response to controlled microbial intrusions in a laboratory-scale distribution system. Water research. Vol 42, No (12), pp 3162-72.
Zazouli, M. A., Alam Gholilou,, 2013. Survey of chemical quality (Nitrate, Flouride, Hardness, Electrical Conductivity) of driking water in Khoy city. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Vol 22, No (2), pp 80-4. (In Persian)
Samaei, M. R., hasan Ehrampoush, M., Maleknia, H., Elhamiyan, Z., Shahsavani, E., Ebrahimi,, 2016. Removal of Chromium and Cadmium from Wastewater in Waste Stabilization Ponds, Yazd-Iran. Journal of health sciences and surveillance system. Vol 4, No (2), pp 83-8. (In Persian)
Peavy, H., Rowe,, Tchobanoglose., 2007. Water Quality. Ebrahimi S, Keynezhad MA Environmental Engineering 3th ed Tehran: Sahand University of Technology Press. Vol 41, No (43).
Pindi, P. K., Yadav, P. R., Kodaparthi,, 2013. Bacteriological and Physico-Chemical Quality of Main Drinking Water Sources. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. Vol 22, No (3).
Balarakaa, D., Hosseini,, 2015.Survay of Physicals and Chemicals Quallity of Drinking Water in Gonbadkavous City and Comparison with Standards in 2012-2013.
Tavangar, A., Naimi, N., Alizade, H., Tavakoli Ghochani, H., Ghorbanpour,, 2014. Evaluation of water treatment systems’ performance available in Bojnurd ciry during 2013. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Vol 5, No (5), pp 1107-19. (In Persian)
Panahi, F., Mahvi, A., Asgari, A., Nazemi, S., Moradnia,, 2017. A Survey On Drinking Water Quality In Qazvin In 2015. (In Persian)
Karrabi, M. A., Hasanabadi, M., Alinejhad, , khamirchi, R., Tabaraee, Y., 2015. Evaluation of Physical, Chemical and Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Davarzan Province Villages of Sabzevar in Authomn 2010. Beyhagh. Vol 16, No (2), pp 18-28.
Zazouli, M., Bazrafshan,. 2010. Water and Wastewater Technology (Chemistry, Microbiology and Treatment). 2ed, editor. Tehran: Samat Press. (In Persian)
Davoudi, M., SkandariTorbaghan, A., Sarmadi, M., Salimi, J., Tahan, D., Shirzad,, 2016. The investigation of chemical quality and stability indices of drinking water in rural areas of Taybad City in 2015-16. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences. Vol 4, No (2), pp 4-13. (In Persian)
Shabankareh fard, E., Hayati, R., Dobaradaran,, 2015. Evaluation of physical, chemical and microbial quality of distribution network drinkingwater in Bushehr, Iran. Iranian South Medical Journal. Vol 17, No (6), pp 1223-35. (In Persian)
Dindarloo, K., Alipour, V., Farshidfar,, 2006. Chemical quality of drinking water in Bandar Abbas. Bimonthly Journal of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Vol 10, No (1), pp 57-62. (In Persian)
Nkamare, M. B., Ofili. A. N., Adeleke. A. , 2012. Physico-chemical and microbiological assessment of borehole water in Okutukutu, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research. Vol 3, No (5), pp 2549-52.
Semnani, S., Arabali, A., Keshtkar, A., Behnampoor,, 2015. Nitrate and nitrite level of drinking water and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in urban areas of Golestan province, northeast of Iran. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. (In Persian)
Nasrollahi, O., Bay, A., Purshamsian, K., Karimi, K., Hashemi, M., Maghsoodlo,, 2011. Determination of Physical, Chemical, and Bacteriological Parameters of Drinking Water in Gorgan, 2010. Medical Laboratory Journal. Vol 5, pp 13-17. (In Persian)
Dianati Tilaki, R., Rasouli,, 2013. Reviewing the Chemical Quality (Nitrate, Fluoride, Hardness, Electrical Conductivity) and Bacteriological Assessment of Drinking Water in Svadkooh, Iran, during 2010-2011. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Vol 23, No (104), pp 51-55. (In Persian)
_||_
Heidari, M., Mesdaghinia, A., Miranzadeh, M., Yunesian, M., Naddafi, K., Mahvi, A., Survey on microbial quality of drinking water in rural areas of Kashan and the role of rural water and wastewater company in that improvement. (In Persian)
Sepehrnya, B., Fahimnia, M., Hosseini,. 2007. Assessing the current situation and focal systems for use in water treatment in rural areas. First Conference on Environmental Protection and Sustainable Rural Development; Qom University of Medical Sciences. Iran.
Babaei, A., Ghafarizadeh, F., Nourmoradi, H., Jangali, K., Moslemnia, M., Salimi,, 2014. Investigating the Microbial Quality of Water Treatment Centers in the City of Abadan. (In Persian)
Ngari, M. S., Wangui, W. T., Ngoci, N. S., Wa, B. M. , 2013. Physico-chemical properties of spring water in kabare and baragwi locations, Gichugu Division Kirinyaga County of Kenya.
Dehghani, M., Ghaderpoori, M., Fazlzadeh, M., Golmohamadi,, 2009. Survey of bacteriological quality of the drinking water in rural areas of Saqqez City. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment. Vol 2, No (2), pp 132-9. (In Persian)
Godini, K., Sayehmiri, K., Alyan, G., Alavi, S., Rostami,, 2012. Investigation of Microbial and Chemical Quality of Bottled Waters Distributed in Ilam (wester Iran) 2009-10. journal of ilam university of medical sciences. Vol 20, No (2), pp 33-7. (In Persian)
Moeinian, K., Moosavifar, S. I., Rastgou,, 2016. Survey on trend changes of drinking groundwater resources quality: A case study in Lordegan. koomesh. Vol 18, No (3), pp 364-72. (In Persian)
Shams, M., Mohamadi, A., Sajadi, S. , 2012. Evaluation of corrosion and scaling potential of water in rural water supply distribution networks of Tabas, Iran. World Appl Sci J. Vol 17, No (11), pp 1484-89. (In Persian)
Jinturkar, A., Deshmukh, S., Agarkar, S., Chavhan,, 2010. Determination of water quality index by fuzzy logic approach: a case of ground water in an Indian town. Water Science and Technology. Vol 61, No (8), pp 1987-94.
Entezari, A., Mayvaneh,, 2014. Investigation of drinking water quality obtained from groundwater on human diseases in recent decade in mashhad plain. Journal of Applied researches in Geographical Sciences. Vol 13, No (31), pp 157-72. (In Persian)
Eaton, A. D., Clesceri, L. S., Greenberg, A. E., Franson, M. A. , 2005. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American public health association. Vol 1015, No (2), pp 49-51.
Drinking water - Microbiological properties Iranian National Standards Organization.
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American public health association. 2005. Vol 1015, No (2), pp 49-51.
Helbling, D. E., VanBriesen, J. , 2008. Continuous monitoring of residual chlorine concentrations in response to controlled microbial intrusions in a laboratory-scale distribution system. Water research. Vol 42, No (12), pp 3162-72.
Zazouli, M. A., Alam Gholilou,, 2013. Survey of chemical quality (Nitrate, Flouride, Hardness, Electrical Conductivity) of driking water in Khoy city. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Vol 22, No (2), pp 80-4. (In Persian)
Samaei, M. R., hasan Ehrampoush, M., Maleknia, H., Elhamiyan, Z., Shahsavani, E., Ebrahimi,, 2016. Removal of Chromium and Cadmium from Wastewater in Waste Stabilization Ponds, Yazd-Iran. Journal of health sciences and surveillance system. Vol 4, No (2), pp 83-8. (In Persian)
Peavy, H., Rowe,, Tchobanoglose., 2007. Water Quality. Ebrahimi S, Keynezhad MA Environmental Engineering 3th ed Tehran: Sahand University of Technology Press. Vol 41, No (43).
Pindi, P. K., Yadav, P. R., Kodaparthi,, 2013. Bacteriological and Physico-Chemical Quality of Main Drinking Water Sources. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. Vol 22, No (3).
Balarakaa, D., Hosseini,, 2015.Survay of Physicals and Chemicals Quallity of Drinking Water in Gonbadkavous City and Comparison with Standards in 2012-2013.
Tavangar, A., Naimi, N., Alizade, H., Tavakoli Ghochani, H., Ghorbanpour,, 2014. Evaluation of water treatment systems’ performance available in Bojnurd ciry during 2013. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Vol 5, No (5), pp 1107-19. (In Persian)
Panahi, F., Mahvi, A., Asgari, A., Nazemi, S., Moradnia,, 2017. A Survey On Drinking Water Quality In Qazvin In 2015. (In Persian)
Karrabi, M. A., Hasanabadi, M., Alinejhad, , khamirchi, R., Tabaraee, Y., 2015. Evaluation of Physical, Chemical and Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Davarzan Province Villages of Sabzevar in Authomn 2010. Beyhagh. Vol 16, No (2), pp 18-28.
Zazouli, M., Bazrafshan,. 2010. Water and Wastewater Technology (Chemistry, Microbiology and Treatment). 2ed, editor. Tehran: Samat Press. (In Persian)
Davoudi, M., SkandariTorbaghan, A., Sarmadi, M., Salimi, J., Tahan, D., Shirzad,, 2016. The investigation of chemical quality and stability indices of drinking water in rural areas of Taybad City in 2015-16. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences. Vol 4, No (2), pp 4-13. (In Persian)
Shabankareh fard, E., Hayati, R., Dobaradaran,, 2015. Evaluation of physical, chemical and microbial quality of distribution network drinkingwater in Bushehr, Iran. Iranian South Medical Journal. Vol 17, No (6), pp 1223-35. (In Persian)
Dindarloo, K., Alipour, V., Farshidfar,, 2006. Chemical quality of drinking water in Bandar Abbas. Bimonthly Journal of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Vol 10, No (1), pp 57-62. (In Persian)
Nkamare, M. B., Ofili. A. N., Adeleke. A. , 2012. Physico-chemical and microbiological assessment of borehole water in Okutukutu, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research. Vol 3, No (5), pp 2549-52.
Semnani, S., Arabali, A., Keshtkar, A., Behnampoor,, 2015. Nitrate and nitrite level of drinking water and the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in urban areas of Golestan province, northeast of Iran. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. (In Persian)
Nasrollahi, O., Bay, A., Purshamsian, K., Karimi, K., Hashemi, M., Maghsoodlo,, 2011. Determination of Physical, Chemical, and Bacteriological Parameters of Drinking Water in Gorgan, 2010. Medical Laboratory Journal. Vol 5, pp 13-17. (In Persian)
Dianati Tilaki, R., Rasouli,, 2013. Reviewing the Chemical Quality (Nitrate, Fluoride, Hardness, Electrical Conductivity) and Bacteriological Assessment of Drinking Water in Svadkooh, Iran, during 2010-2011. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Vol 23, No (104), pp 51-55. (In Persian)
