An Environmental Evaluation of Heavy Metals’ Soil Contamination of Shourab Region (South Kashmar – Khorasan Razavi)
Subject Areas : soil pollution
nafisa
Ebrahimi Kargarshirazy
1
(Graduated Master, Department of Geology and Petroleum Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran)
Saeed
Saadat
2
(Associate Professor, Department of Geology and Petroleum Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran *(Corresponding Authors))
mohamamd
javanbakht
3
(Assistant Professor, Department of Geology and Petroleum Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran)
Keywords: Heavy Metals, Kashmar, Index of Geoaccumulation, Shourab, contamination factor,
Abstract :
Background and Objective: The purpose of this research is to investigate the distribution of heavy metals and evaluating geo-accumulation and contamination factors on these elements in the stream sediments of Shourab Kashmar area. There are indications of some elements such as Mercury, Lead, Iron, and Copper that might be the cause for environmental pollution in this area. Method: After processing of satellite images and performing geological studies, 21 samples of stream sediments were gathered. By determining the salinity, pH, and EC parameters as well as the soil texture of samples, 14 samples were tested in order to study the concentration of heavy metals with the ICP-OS systems in the ZarAzma Laboratory. The collected results were processed and studied using GIS, SPSS, and Excel software. Findings: With the exception of the Silver, Copper, Cadmium, Cobalt, Chromium, and Nickel elements which show some level of contamination, there is no evidence of environmental pollution, in the stream sediments in this area. The amount of pH from 7.5 to 8.2 and EC from 0.3 µs/cm to 5 µs/cm and salinity from 150 to 2500 are varying. Discussion and Conclusion: There is a similarity between the distribution of the Nickel, Cobalt, and to some degrees, Chromium in the stream sediments of the study area. This can be related to the volcanic rocks which are mainly intermediate in composition. The Lead and Zinc are mainly concentrated on the north and some towards east of the area, and the Arsenic and Antimony elements in the north and north-west of the study area. The origin of these elements could be connected to mineralization in this area, which has not been focused on so far.
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- Parvaresh, M., Mahdizadeh, H., Saadat, S., 2006, Investigation of origin and distribution of arsenic in water resources of Kuh-shorkh area (Kashmar). 25th Earth Science Congress, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Alawi Nejad, A., Saadat, S., Ariaee, A.A., 2015, Dispersion of Arsenic in the Chalpo mining Area (Northeastern Iran), 33th national symposium on earth sciences, Tehran. (In Persian)
- Tabasi, S., Abedi, A., 2012, A medical geology study of an arsenic-contaminated area in Kouhsorkh, NE Iran, Environ Geochem Health, Vol. 34, 171–179.
- 4-Taheri, J., Shamanian, Gh., 1998, geology map of 1:100000 Kashmar, Iran Geological Survey publication. (In Persian)
- Shahrabi, M., Hosseini, M., Shabani, K., 2006, geology map of 1:100000 Bardaskan, Iran Geological Survey publication. (In Persian)
- Engineering Company Exploration, 2002, Final report on the semi-specific exploration of mercury in Shahrooz Kashmar. Organization of Industries and Mines of Khorasan Province. (persian)
- Saadat, S., 2013, Report of the end of exploration operations of the first stage of copper exploration (Shoorab, Kashmar). Khorasan Razavi Mining and Trade Industry Organization. (In Persian)
- Turekian, K. K., wedepohl, K.H., 1961, Distribution of the elements in major units of the Earth, Geological Society of America Bulletin, Vol. 72, pp. 175-192.
- Kabata-Pendias, A., Mukherjee, A. B., 2007, Trace Elements from Soil to Human. Springer Science & Business Media, 550 pages.
- Gelogical survey of Iran, 1996, Regional geochemical exploration project of stream sediments in Semnan – Kashmar area.
- Folk, R.L., 1974, Petrology of sedimentary rocks. Hemphill publishing company. Austin. Texas, 182p.
- Kabata-Pendias, A., Pendias, H., 1992, Trace element in soils and plants. 2 nd edition, CRC press, Boca Raton, FL.
- USEPA., 2012, Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories. Washington, DC: Office of Water, United State Environment Protection Agancy.
- WHO, World Health Report, 2000, Health Systems: Improving Performance. Geneva, World Health Organization.
- Dixit R, Malaviya D, Pandiyan K, Singh UB, Sahu A, Shukla R, 2015, Bioremediation of heavy metals from soil and aquatic environment: An overview of principles and criteria of fundamental processes. Sustainability, Vol. 7(2), pp. 2189-2212.
- Ure, A.M. Berrow, M.L., 1982, The elemental constituents of soils; in H.J.M. Bowen (ed.), Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 2: Royal Society of Chemistry, London, pp. 94-204.
- Foth, H. D., 1990, Fundamentals of soil science, eight edition. Michigan university, by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471- 52279-1.
- Loska, K. Chebual, J. Pleczar, J. Wiechla, D. Kwapulinski, J., 1995, Use of environment and contamination factors togheder with geoaccmulation indexes to elevate the content of Cd, Cu and Ni in the Rybink water reservoir in Poland Water, Air and Soil pollution, 93, P 347-365.
- Adamo, P., Arenzo, M., Imperato, M., Naimo, D., Nardi, G., Stanzione, D., 2005, Distribution and partition of heavy metal in surface and sub-surface sediments of Naplescity Por, Chemosphere, Vol. 61, pp. 800-809.
- Bowen, H.J.M., 1979, Environmental Chemistry of the Elements, Academic Press, New York, 333p.
- Müller, G., 1969, Index of geoaccumulation in the sediments of the Rhine River. Geojournal, Vol.2, pp.108-118.
22. Shayeste far, M., R., Rezaei A., 2011, Estimation of Pollution and Distribution of Heavy Metals in Sarcheshmeh Copper Mine Sediments Using Geochemical Data and Statistical Analysis. Journal of Mining Engineering, Sixth Edition, No. 11, pp. 25-34. (In Persian)
23. Bhuiyana, M. A. H., Parvez, L, Islam, M. A., Dampare, S. B., Suzukia, S., 2010, Heavy metal pollution of coal mine affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 173, pp. 384–392.