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Manuscript ID : JEST-1608-2946 (R1) Visit : 163 Page: 253 - 267

10.22034/jest.2018.20435.2946

Article Type: Original Research

The impact internal and external indicators green wall On Environmental and Energy Savings Performance

Subject Areas : Urban Environment

mahyar kolyaei 1 , Mahdi Hamzenejad 2 , Sanaz litkouhi 3 , Payam Bahrami 4

1 - Payam Noor University of Tehran, Iran. *(Corresponding Authours)
2 - Faculty member of Iran Science and Technology University.
3 - Faculty member of Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
4 - PhD, Vice President and Head of the Research and Development at Optim Design Inc, Member of America Institute of Architects.

Received: 2016-08-27 Accepted : 2017-08-02 Published : 2020-01-21

Keywords: sustainabili, green wall, environmental, energy saving,

Abstract :

Background and Purpose: In the beginning, plants were used only for aesthetic purposes, but today they are used for ecological and economic purposes such as saving energy, improving urban climate, and so on. Since the community of vertical green coverings on the surface of buildings, through facades and green walls, allows to significantly improving the productivity of ecological and environmental benefits, achieving sustainability in the goals of this environmentally friendly technology is essential and in this research is a valuable approach. Method:Therefore, this study aims to investigate the benefits of using green wall technology to improve thermal performance in an applied research with a combined method and relying on the library method and citing research conducted in the field of green wall technology considering saving energy and the environment. Findings: The results of the study showed that the application of green wall technology in three areas of sustainability, including: social, economic and environmental. Discussion and conclusion: So that green wall technology will bring a wide range of benefits, the most important of which can reduce the temperature in the building from suffering between 1 - 10 degrees Celsius, and saving energy consumption up to 65% in the field of reducing energy consumption and also eliminating environmental pollutants and reducing the destruction of the ozone layer and reducing the effect of urban heat islands, reducing noise pollution and ... in the field of biology the environment pointed out.

References:


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  1. Benevolo L. The history of the city. London: Scholar Press; 1980.
    2.
  2. Alexandri, E., Jones, P., 2008. Temperature decreases in an urban canyon due to green walls and green roofs in diverse climates. Build. Environ. 4, (480-493).
    3.
  3. Mostafa Refat Ismail.2013. Quiet environment: Acoustics of vertical green wall systems of the Islamic urban form, Frontiers of Architectural Research 2(162-177).
    4.
  4. Claus K, Rousseau S. 2012. Public versus private incentives to invest in green roofs: a cost benefit analysis for Flanders. Urban For Urban Green; 11(4):417e 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2012.07.003.
    5.
  5. Wong NH, et al. 2009, Thermal evaluation of vertical greenery systems for building walls, Building and Environment, doi:10.1016/j.buildenv. 2009.08.005
    6.
  6. Laurent Malys, Marjorie Musy, Christian Inard. 2014. A hydrothermal model to assess the impact of green walls on urban microclimate and building energy consumption, Building and Environment 73(187-197).
    7.
  7. Haibo Feng, Kasun Hewage. 2014. Lifecycle assessment of living walls: air purification and energy performance, Journal of Cleaner Production 69(91-99).
    8.
  8. Mahmoud Haggag, Ahmed Hassan, Sarah Elmasry. 2014. Experimental study on reduced heat gain through green facades in ahighheat load climate, Energy and Buildings 82(668–674).
    9.
  9. Thompson J.W, Sorvig K. 2008. Sustainable Landscape Construction; A Guide to Green Building Outdoor. (2nd Edition) United State of America: Island Press.
    10.
  10. Susan Loh, 2008. Living Wall- a way to green the built environment, available online. a www.environment design guide.com.au/ media/Tec26.pdf.
    11.
  11. Fioretti, R., etal. 2010. Green roof energy and waterrelated performance in the Mediterranean climate .Building and Envir- onment 45, (1890–1904).
    12.
  12. Kontoleon K, Eumorfopoulou E. 2010. The effect of the orientation and proportionof a plant covered wall ayer on the thermal performance of abuilding zone. Build Environ 45(1287–303).
    13.
  13. H. Feng, K. Hewage. 2014. Energy saving performance of green vegetation on LEED certifiedbuildings, Energy and Buildings 75 (281–289).
    14.
  14. Ugo Mazzali, Fabio Peron, Piercarlo Romagnoni, Riccardo M. Pulselli, Simone Bastianoni. 2013. Experimental investigation on the energy performance of LivingWalls in a temperate climate, Building and Environment 64 (57 66).
    15.
  15. K. Perini, M. Ottelé, E.M. Haas, R. Raiteri,2011.Greening the building envelope, fac¸ adegreening and living wall systems, Open Journal of Ecology 1(1–8).
    16.
  16. Irina Susorova, Melissa Angulo, Payam Bahrami, Brent Stephens. 2013. A model of vegetated exterior facades for evaluation of wall thermal performance, Building and Environment 67(1-13). 
    17.
  17. Ross W.F. Cameron, Jane E. Taylor, Martin R. Emmett. 2014. What’s ‘cool’ in the world of green façades? How plant choice influences the cooling properties of green walls. Building and Environment 73 (198-207).
    18.
  18. Barzegar Ganji, Hoda (2012). Investigating different types of green walls and their effectiveness in reducing energy consumption in Iran. Tehran: University of Tehran, M.Sc. Thesis in Energy Architecture.S. Wheeler, T. Beatley. 2004. The Sustainable Urban Development Reader, RoutledgePress, New York, pp (7–11),(in persion).
    19.
  19. M. Ottelé, H. Van Bohemen, A.L.A. Fraaij. 2012. Quantifying the deposition of particulatematter on climber vegetation on living walls, Ecological Engineering 36 (154–162(.
    20.
  20. N. Dunnet, N. Kingsbury, Planting Green Roofs and Living Walls, Timber Press, Oregon, 2004.
    21.
  21. Köhler, M. 2008. Green façades – a view back and some visions. Urban Ecosyst 11)423 – 436).
    22.
  22. Gabriel Pérez, JuliàComa, IngridMartorell, LuisaF.Cabeza. 2014. Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS) for energy saving in buildings: A review. RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews39(139–165).
    23.
  23. Marc Ottelé, Katia Perini, A.L.A. Fraaij, E.M. Haas, R. Raiteri .2011. Comparative life cycle analysis for green facades and living wall systems. Energy and Buildings 43 (3419–3429).
    24.
  24. A.K. Pal, V. Kumar, N.C. Saxena,.2000. Noise attenuation by green belts, Journal of Sound and Vibration 234 (1) (149–165(.
    25.
  25. Wong NH, Kwang Tan AY, Chen Y, Sekar K, Tan PY, Chan D, et al. 2012. Thermal evaluation of vertical greenery systems for building walls. Building and Environment; 45(3):663-72.
    26.
  26. N.H. Wong, et al.2009. Thermal evaluation of vertical greenery systems for building walls, Building and Environment (2009), doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.08.005.
    27.
  27. S.W. Peck, et al. 1999. Greenbacks from Green Roofs: Forging a New Industry in Canada, Status Report on Benefits, Barriers and Opportunities for Green Roof and Vertical Garden Technology Diffusion, Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Canada.
    28.
  28. F. Bartfelder, M. Köhler. 1987. Experimentelle untersuchungen zur function von fassaden begrünungen, Dissertation TU Berlin 612S.
    29.
  29. E.A. Eumorfopoulo, K.J. Kontoleon. 2009. Experimental approach to the contributionof plant-covered walls to the thermal behaviour of building envelopes, Build.Environ. 44 (1024–1038).
    30.
  30. D. Tilley, J. Price, S. Matt, B. Marrow. 2012. Vegetated Walls: Thermal andGrowth Properties of Structured Green Facades. Final Report to GreenRoofs for Healthy Cities-Green Walls Group, Ecosystem EngineeringDesign Lab, Environmental Science and Technology Department Collegeof Agriculture and Natural Resources, Maryland, Agricultural ExperimentStation, University of Maryland, College Park, pp. 163, Available at:http://www.greenroofs.org/resources/UMDGreenWallResearch(FinalReport).pdf.
    31.
  31. R.M. Pulsellia, F.M. Pulsellia, U. Mazzalib, F. Peronb, S. 2014. Bastianoni, Emergy based evaluation of environmental performances of LivingWall and Grass Wall systems, Energy and Buildings 73 (200–211).
    32.
  32. C.Y. Cheng, K.K.S. Cheung, L.M. Chu. 2010. Thermal performance of a vegetatedcladding system on facade walls, Building and Environment 45 (2010)1779–1787, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.02.005.
    33.
  33. Rabah Djedjig, Emmanuel Bozonnet, Rafik Belarbi. 2015. Analysis of thermal effects of vegetated envelopes: Integration of avalidated model in a building energy simulation programRabah. Energy and Buildings 86 (93–103).
    34.
  34. J. Facer, C. Kendall, R.A. Fenner, S. Brown. 2007 Can Greenery make CommercialBuildings more Green? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA.
    35.
  35. G. Pérez, L. Rincón, A. Vila, J.M. González, L.F. Cabeza. 2011. Green vertical systemsfor buildings as passive systems for energy savings, Appl. Energy 88 (4854–4859).
    36.
  36. Samar Sheweka, Arch. Nourhan Magdy. 2011. The Living walls as an Approach for a Healthy Urban Environment. Energy Procedia 6 (592–599).
    37.
  37. Environmental Protection Department, Climate Booklet for Urban Develop-ment, Environmental Protection Department, Stuttgart, Germany, 2008.
    38.
  38. Peck, S.W., Callaghan, C., Kuhn, M.E. and Bass, B. 1999. Greenbacks from green roofs: forging a new industry in Canada, Status report on benefi ts, barriers and opportunities for green roof and vertical garden technology diffusion, Environmental Adaptation Research Group, Environment Canada.
    39.
  39. G. Minke, G. Witter, Häuser mit grünen pelz. Ein handbuch zur hausbegrünung, 1982.
    40.
  40. P. Krusche, M. Krusche, D. Althaus, I. Gabriel, Ökologisches bauen, Herausgegeben vom umweltbundesamt, Bauverlag, 1982.
    41.
  41. Shaneh Saz, Marzieh (2013), Designing a suitable model of green wall based on reducing renewable energy consumption in Iranian architecture. Payame Noor University, Master Thesis in Architecture.E.G. Mcpherson. 1988.  Impacts of vegetation on residential heating and coohng, Energy Build. 12 (41–51),(in persion).
    42.
  42. White KS, et al. 2001. Technical summary, climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. In: McCarthy JJ, Canziani OF, Leary NA, Dokken DJ, White KS, editors. Climate change: impacts.
    43.
  43. Koppe C, Kovats S, Jendritzky G, Menne B. 2004. Health and global environmental change; heat-waves: risks and responses, series no. 2, energy, environment and sustainable development. Copenhagen: World Health Organization.
    44.
  44. Taha H, Douglas S, Haney J. 1997. Mesoscale meteorological and air quality impacts of increased urban albedo and vegetation. Energy Build; 25(2):169e77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788 (96)01006-7.
    45.
  45. Akabari H, Pomerantz M, Taha H. 2001. Cool surface and shade trees to reduce energy use and improve air quality in urban area. Solar Energy; 70(3): (295-310).
    46.
  46. Eleftheria Alexandri, Phil Jones.2008. Temperature decreases in an urban canyon due to green walls and green roofs in diverse climates, Building and Environment 43(480-493).
    47.
  47. Perini K, Ottelé M. 2012. Vertical greening systems: contribution on thermalanalyzin on the building envelope and transactions on ecology and the environment, vol. 165;P. 239e50 http://dx. Doi.org/10.2495/ARC120011.
    48.
  48. Giachetta A, Magliocco A. 2007. Progettazione sostenibile. Dalla pianificazione territorial all’ecodesign. Roma: Carocci.
    49.
  49. Sinha, R.K., 1993.Automobile pollution in India an ditshum an impact.TheEnvir- on mentalist 13(111–115).
    50.
  50. Saumitra V, Joshi, Sat.Ghosh. 2014. on the air cleansing efficiency of an extended green wall: A CFD an alysis of mechanistic details of transport processes, Journal of Theoretical Biology361 (101–110).
    51.
  51. Chen WY, Jim CY. 2008. Assessment and valuation of the ecosystem services provided by urban forests. In: Carreiro MM, Song YC, Wu J, editors. Ecology, planning, and management of urban forests: International perspectives. New York: Springer; )53-83(.
    52.
  52. Martin NA, Chappelka AH, Loewenstein EF, Keever GJ.  2012. Comparison of carbon storage, carbon sequestration, and air pollution removal by protected and maintained urban forests in Alabama, USA. Int J Biodivers Sci; 8 265-72).
    53.
  53. Nowak DJ, Crane DE. 2002. Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environ Pollut; 116(3):381e9.
    54.
  54. Nowak DJ. 2006. Institutionalizing urban forestry as a “biotechnology” to improve environmental quality. Urban For Urban Green 2006; 5(2):93e100. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.04.002.
    55.
  55. Nowak DJ. 1994. The effects of urban trees on air quality; pp. 1e4. New York.
    56.
  56. Yafei Wang, Frank Bakker, Rudolf de Groot, Heinrich Wörtche. 2014. Effect of ecosystem services provided by urban green infrastructure on indoor environment: A literature review, Building and Environment 77 (88 100).
    57.
  57. McPherson EG, Simpson JR .1989. Livingston M. Effects of three landscape treatments on residential energy and water use in Tucson, Arizona. Energy Build; 13:127e38.
    58.
  58. K. Perini, et al. 2013. Vertical greening systems, a process tree for green fac¸ Ades and living walls, Urban Ecosystems 16 (2) (265–277).
    59.
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