Human Resources Competency Model for the Pharmaceutical Industry in the Industry 4.0 Era
Saeed Arbabi
1
(
M.A Graduate, Department of Management, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
)
Mehrdad Hosseini Shakib
2
(
)
Zohreh Mousavi Kashi
3
(
Department of Industrial Management, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
)
Keywords: Competency Model, Human Resources, Pharmaceutical Industry, Industry 4.0, Mixed Exploratory Approach.,
Abstract :
The Human Resources (HR) Competency Model defines the knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviors essential for HR professionals' effectiveness. In the context of Industry 4.0, this model must incorporate competencies that drive digital transformation, foster innovation, and ensure regulatory compliance particularly in the pharmaceutical industry. This study aims to identify the factors influencing HR competency in the pharmaceutical industry within the Industry 4.0 environment.The research began with a literature review to establish foundational principles. Content analysis was used to extract key indicators, forming the basis of a questionnaire distributed to 15 pharmaceutical industry professionals. These indicators were evaluated through the Delphi method over three rounds. Subsequently, data collection continued via a field survey targeting a purposive sample of 62 pharmaceutical industry managers, experts, and employees. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis with partial least squares (PLS) in Smart-PLS software. Findings revealed 35 HR competency indicators categorized into five key dimensions: individual competencies (5 indicators), managerial and leadership competencies (14 indicators), innovation and entrepreneurship competencies (5 indicators), strategic competencies (5 indicators), and technological competencies (6 indicators). Based on these results, it is recommended that organizations foster continuous learning by planning and monitoring employees’ daily tasks. This includes assigning challenging projects, encouraging collaboration, and providing on-the-job training opportunities. These strategies can help develop the competencies needed to thrive in the digital era.
Aswal, Dinesh K. (2020-11-09). Metrology for Inclusive Growth of India Springer Nature. p. 987. ISBN 978-981-15-8872-3.
Abulibdeh .A, Zaidan.E, Abulibdeh.R , (2024) Navigating the confluence of artificial intelligence and education for sustainable development in the era of industry 4.0: Challenges, opportunities, and ethical dimensions ,Journal of Cleaner Production,Volume 437, 15 January 2024, 140527
Arief.N.N, Gustomo.A, Roestan.M, Putri.A.N.A, Islamiaty.M (2022) Pharma 4.0: analysis on core competence and digital levelling implementation in pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia, Journal home page for Heliyon, Volume 8, Issue 8, August 2022, e10347
Ali Dadi Talkhestani. Y, Mahmoudzadeh. E, Musa Khani. M, Alvani. M(2018) Invesgation on Ambidextrous Human Resource Strategic Competencies in a Defensive-Industrial Organization , Management Improvement Spring 2018 - Issue 39, Vol. (Ministry of Science (24 pages - from 27 to 50) (in persian)
Asadolleh Nia. S, Honamard Azimi. M,Bafande Zende. A, Rahmani, K. (2019) Presenting a Green Business Model for the Dairy Industry. Tomorrow's Management. Year 19. Issue 6 (in Persian)
Berdigaliyev, N. ∙ Aljofan, M (2020) An overview of drug discovery and development, Future Med. Chem. 2020; 12:939-947
Batista.J.P.B, Torre.C, Lobo.J.M.S & Sepodes.B (2022)A review of the continuous professional development system for pharmacists, Human Resources for Health volume 20, Article number: 3 (2022)
Brinckmann, J. (2007). Competence of Top Management Teams and success of new technology-based firms. Frankfurt deutscher universitäts-verlag, Gabler Pub.E-book first edition.
Baines.D, Bates.I, Bader.L, Hale.C & Schneider.P(2018) Conceptualising production, productivity and technology in pharmacy practice: a novel framework for policy, education and research, Human Resources for Health volume 16, Article number: 51 (2018)
Bohlouli.M, Mittas.N, Kakarontzas.G, Theodosiou.T,Angelis.T, Fathi.M (2017)Competence assessment as an expert system for human resource management: A mathematical approach, Expert Systems with Applications, Volume 70, 15 March 2017, Pages 83-102
Brody H, Doukas D. Professionalism: a framework to guide medical education. Med Educ Rev. 2014;48(10):980–7.
Babanjad. B, Taheri Demneh. M, Shojaei. S, Gorji. M. B (2012) Designing a Human Resources Competencies Model with a Strategic Foresight Approach in the Customs of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Journal of Human Capital Empowerment, Volume 5, Issue 2, Summer 2012, pp. 123-141(in persian)
Chetthamrongchai.P, Jermsittiparsert.K (2020) The forthcoming revolution of artificial intelligence and its impacts on pharmacy business in Thailand, Sys. Rev. Pharm., 11 (1) (2020), pp. 119-128
Crebert, G., Bates, M., Bell, B., Patrick, C. J., & Cragnolini, V. (2004). Developing generic skills at university, during work placement and in employment: graduates' perceptions. Higher Education Research & Development, 23(2), 147-165.
Danysz .K, Cicirello.S, Mingle.E, Assuncao.B, Tetarenko.N, Mockute.R, Abatemarco .D, Widdowson.M , Desai.S (2019) Artificial Intelligence and the Future of the Drug Safety Professional, Drug Safety (2019) 42:491–497
Duggan C. Advancing the workforce to meet the Primary Health Care Agenda: pharmacy’s contribution to universal health coverage. Int J Pharm Pract. 2020;28:118–20.
Darvishi, P(1401) Human Resource Management Measures to Reduce the Skills and Competencies Gap in the Workforce, New Research Approaches in Management and Accounting Spring 1401 - Issue 84 (17 pages - from 2651 to 2667) (in persian)
Flynn, A (2019) Using artificial intelligence in health-system pharmacy practice: finding new patterns that matter, Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm. 2019; 76:622-627
Fathi. N, Seyed Javadin. S. R, Hassangholipour.T (1403), Designing and Validating a Knowledge human recourse development Model with the approach of knowledge-oriented culture (Case Study: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies) , Cultural Research Society, Volume 15, Issue 1 - Serial Number 51, Spring 1403, June 1403, Pages 1-52(in persian) https://doi.org/10.30465/scs.2024.47755.2811
Frenk J, Chen L, Bhutta ZA, et al. Health professionals for a new century: transforming education to strengthen health systems in an interdependent world. Lancet. 2010;376(9756):1923–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61854-5.
Fernández, E., Junquera, B., & Ordiz, M. (2003). Organizational culture and human resources in the environmental issue: a review of the literature. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(4), 634-656.
Grzybowska, K. ∙ Łupicka, A. (2017) Key competencies for industry 4.0, Econ. Manag. Innov. (ICEMI). 2017; 1:250-253
George PP, Papachristou N, Belisario JM, Wang W, Wark PA, Cotic Z, et al. Online eLearning for undergraduates in health professions: a systematic review of the impact on knowledge, skills, attitudes and satisfaction. J Glob Health. 2014;4:010406.
Gryseels C, Kuijpers LMF, Jacobs J, et al. When ‘substandard’ is the standard, who decides what is appropriate? Exploring healthcare provision in Cambodia. Crit Public Health. 2019;29(4):460–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2019.1591614.
Hemanth Kumar, S. ∙ Talasila, D. ∙ Gowrav, M.P(2020) Adaptations of pharma 4.0 from industry 4.0, Drug Invent. Today. 2020; 14:2020
Hock, S.C. Siang, T.K. Wah, C.L (2021) Continuous manufacturing versus batch manufacturing: benefits, opportunities and challenges for manufacturers and regulators, Gen. Biosimilars Initiative J. 2021
Hawthorne N, Anderson C. The global pharmacy workforce: a systematic review of the literature. Hum Resour Health. 2009;7:48.
Javaid, M., Haleem, A., Singh, R.P., Suman, R.: Substantial capabilities of robotics in enhancing industry 4.0 implementation Cognitive Robotics, Volume 1, Pages 58–75, (2021). https://doi org/10.1016/j.cogr.2021.06.001
Jantian, N.; Zandiyeh, M.; Alam Tabriz, Akbar; Rabieh, M. (2019). Optimizing Sustainable Pharmaceutical Distribution Network Model with Evolutionary Multi-objective Algorithms (Case Study: Darupakhsh Company) . Production and Operations Management 10(1), 133-153. Doi: 10.22108/jpom.2019.110116.1123 ) (in persian)
Khang.A, Jadhav.B & Birajdar.S(2023) Designing Workforce Management Systems for Industry 4.0, eBook ISBN ,9781003357070,24
Khan.M.S, Bory.S, Rego.S, Suy.S, Durrance-Bagale.A, Sultana.Z, Chhorn, Phou.S.S, Prien.C, Heng.S, Hanefeld.J, Hasan.R & Saphonn .V(2020)Is enhancing the professionalism of healthcare providers critical to tackling antimicrobial resistance in low- and middle-income countries?, Human Resources for Health volume 18, Article number: 10 (2020)
Khosravilaghab .Z, Mosleh .A and Salarzehi .H. Investigating the Moderating Role of Human Resources Competencies as A Key Factor in the Relationship Between Entry Motivation and the Success of International Technological Strategic Alliances in Oil Industry, Two Quarterly Scientific Journals of Sustainable Human Resource Management, Volume 3, Issue 5, Fall and Winter 1400, Pages 45 to 69 (in persian) doi: 10.22080/SHRM.2021.3425
Kwan A, Daniels B, Saria V, et al. Variations in the quality of tuberculosis care in urban India: a cross-sectional, standardized patient study in two cities. PLoS Med. 2018;15(9):e1002653. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002653.
Khalili. K ,Fathi.M,Yarinasab. E (1403) Studying the role of human resources competence in implementing organizational strategies (Case study: Kermanshah Post Company), 10th International Conference on Management and Accounting Sciences, Tehran, https://civilica.com/doc/2026429 (in persian)
Lee, J., Bagheri, B., Kao, H.-A.: A Cyber-Physical Systems architecture for industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems. Manuf. Lett https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2014.12.0013, 18–23 (2015)
Lashgaripour.A, Parsa Moein.K, Beekzadeh Abbasi.F, Amiri. H (1401) Human Resource Competency Model in Digital Banking, Innovation Management in Defense Organizations Fall 1401, Volume 5 - Issue 17, B (Ministry of Science (20 pages - from 27 to 46) (in persian)
Lyytinen, K., & Rose, G. M. (2003). The disruptive nature of information technology innovations: the case of internet computing in systems development organizations. MIS quarterly, 557-596.
Meilianti.S, Smith.F, Kristianto.F, Himawan.R, Ernawati.D.K, Naya.R & Bates.L(2022)A national analysis of the pharmacy workforce in Indonesia, Human Resources for Health volume 20, Article number: 71 (2022)
Moran, J.W. and Brightman, B.K. (2000), "Leading organizational change", Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 66-74. https://doi.org/10.1108/13665620010316226
Maleki. M,Sobhan Elahi, M. A, Abdollahi. B, Noeh Ibrahim, A(1400) An Interpretive Prioritization of the Decline of Human Resource Competence on the Basis of Hegemonic Power Transition layers: Interpretive Ranking Process (IRP) , Human Resource Management Research Fall 1400 - Issue 45, Scientific-Research (Ministry of Science/ISC (44 pages - from 71 to 114) (in persian) https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.82548002.1400.13.3.3.1
Mousavi JD. S. M, Ahmadizad. A, Hosseini. S. M, Mohammadi. H(1401) An analysis of the role of human capital competencies in sustainable strategic management , Two Quarterly Journals of Sustainable Human Resources Management, Volume 4, Issue 7, Fall and Winter 1441, Pages 211 to 222 (in persian) Doi: 10.22080/SHRM.2022.4105
Nilipourtabaei. S. A,Salehi Omran. E, Hashemi.S; Sedaghat. M. (2016) Presenting a sustainable human resource management scorecard in knowledge-based information and communication technology companies in Iran.(in persian)
Nahid.M, Moghaddisi.M.H (2019), Investigating and introducing different roles of human resource managers in the pharmaceutical industry, 13th International Conference on Strategic Management, Tehran, https://civilica.com/doc/978597 (in persian)
Obidi. M , Zolfaghari Zafarani. R, Haqiqi, M. (1403) Identifying and Evaluating the Components of Human Resource Competence in the Era of Digital Transformation. Journal of Management and Educational Perspectives. 6(2) 347-632 (in Persian) https://doi.org/10.22034/jmep.2024.428335.1288
Pavani, K., Sree, J. R. S., Rani, A. S. S., Rohini, K., Kumar, T. P., & Yellamma, P. (2023 January). Data Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Environment. In 2023 5th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive Technology (ICSSIT) (pp. 788-793). IEEE
Peschl.H, Deng.C ,Larson.N (2021)Entrepreneurial thinking: A signature pedagogy for an uncertain 21st century, The International Journal of Management Education, Volume 19, Issue 1, March 2021, 100427
Pourkarimi.J ,Mahdiyon. R, Fazeli. A and Pourbarkhodari. A. (2010). Establishing a Comprehensive System Pattern of Training for Red Crescent Society Staff. Quarterly Journal of Aid and Rescue, 2(1), 56-70 (in persian)
Rizaneh. J(1401) Visualizing the Necessary Competencies for Human Resources Development in a Popular Government in the Horizon of 1404, Quarterly Scientific-Research Journal of Educational Management Research - Year 13, Issue 4, Summer 1401 (in persian)
Schumacher.A, Erol.S, Sihn.W(2016) A maturity model for assessing industry 4.0 readiness and maturity of manufacturing enterprises, Procedia CIRP, Volume 52, 2016, Pages 161-166
Smith.S (2018) Pharma companies using artificial intelligence in drug discovery, BenchSci (2018), pp. 1-14
Sadati.E (2010). Investigating the impact of managerial competencies of public administrators on the effectiveness of security managers in public universities in Tehran and affiliated research institutions. Master's thesis, Tarbiat Modares University.(in persian)
Shaemi-Barzaki, Ali; Mohammadi, Mahnaz (2014)A survey of the impact of transformational leadership on manpower productivity with the mediating role of organizational entrepreneurship, Research Letter on Transformation Management, Fall-Winter 2014 - No. 12, Scientific-Research (Ministry of Science/ISC (28 pages - from 1 to 28) (in persian)
Sarshar. N, Kiakjori.D, Mokhtari-Baie-Kalaei. M(1401) Designing a Competency Model in Human Resources Development in the Water and Electricity Industry of the Country, Resource Management in the Police Force, Fall 1401 - Issue 39, B (Ministry of Science/ISC (17 pages - from 189 to 205) (in persian)
Sliter.K.S(2015) Assessing 21st century skills: competency modeling to the rescue, Ind. Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 July 2015
Taylor, D (2016) The pharmaceutical industry and the future of drug development, Issues Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016
Trisca.L (2024)HR Competencies: Skills and Behaviors That Drive Exceptional HR Outcomes, September 04, 2024, https://www.deel.com/blog/hr-competencies-examples/
Tudor Car.L, Kyaw.B.M & Atun.R (2018)The role of eLearning in health management and leadership capacity building in health system: a systematic review, Human Resources for Health volume 16, Article number: 44 (2018)
Van den Heuvel, R. ∙ Stirling, C (2017) Pharma Outlook 2030 : from Evolution to Revolution. A Shift in Focus, Kpmg. 2017
Vaezi.R, Naqvi. A, Hassanpour.D,Taji.F (2019) Competency model of human resources managers in government organizations under globalization conditions. Quarterly Journal of Management Studies (Improvement and Transformation), Year 29, Issue 69, Summer 2019, Pages 44-9.(in persian) https://doi.org/10.22054/jmsd.2020.39238.3232
Viitala, R. (2005). Perceived development needs of managers compared to an integrated management competency model. Journal of workplace learning.
Wood, G., & Bischoff, C. (2022). Human resource management in Africa: current research and future directions–evidence from South Africa and across the continent. The International Journal of Human Resource Management ,444-471 , (3) 33
Wulandari, S. S. (2023). Big Data Concepts, Opportunities, Challenges, and Paradoxes. BULLET Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu, 2(1), 1-5
Weerasinghe.W.P.T.D, Vidanagamachchi.K & Nanayakkara. L.D.J.F(2020)Employee Competencies Development Framework for Industry 4.0 Adaptation in the Healthcare Sector, Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Dubai, UAE, March 10-12, 2020
Watson KE, Schindel TJ, Barsoum ME, Kung JY. COVID the catalyst for evolving professional role identity? A scoping review of global pharmacists’ roles and services as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Pharmacy. 2021;9:99.
Zaid, A., & Jaaron, A. (2023). The Impact of Green Human Resource Management Practices with Sustainable and Operational Performance: A Conceptual Model. In International Conference on Business and Technology (pp. 583-610). Springer, Cham
Zouqiong, H. (2023) Cyber Security Evolution and Conceptualization. Social Science Journal for Advanced Research, 3(1), 1-5
Zhu.M , Liang.C , Yeung.A , Zhou.H ,(2024) , The impact of intelligent manufacturing on labor productivity: An empirical analysis of Chinese listed manufacturing companies International Journal of Production Economics Volume 267, January 2024, 109070
Zhang.L, Mao.S (2017) Application of quality by design in the current drug development, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 12, Issue 1, January 2017, Pages 1-8