Evaluation of Microbial Quality of Traditional Ice Cream Sold in East Azerbaijan Province
Subject Areas : Journal of Comparative Pathobiologyرضا Mohammadzadeh Khalkhali 1 , , M Fardin 2 , احمد Sabzi Balkhkanlu, 3 , , F Farhadi 4 , , R Abri 5
1 - Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
2 - Department of Microbiology, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran.
3 - Institute of Nutrition and Food Industry Research, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
4 - Department of Food industry, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
5 - Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Keywords: Traditional Ice Cream, Microbial Contamination, East Azerbaijan province,
Abstract :
Ice cream as a popular dairy product used in summer, due to its unique physical and chemical nature, is a suitable environment for growth of microorganisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the level of microbial contamination of traditional ice creams provided in East Azarbaijan province. In this study, microbial contamination of the traditional ice creams provided in East Azerbaijan province during 2018-2019 was investigated. A total of 274 ice creams were randomly collected from ice cream supply centers and studied to identify coagulase-positive Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and total microorganism and Enterobacteriaceae count according to the Iranian National Standard. All tests were cultured according to the Iranian National Standard and were identified and counted by confirmatory tests. A total of 234 samples (85.4%) were not usable, according to the standard limit reported by the Iranian standard Department. In 18.2% and 10.9% of the samples, coagulase-positive Staphylococci and E. coli were isolated, respectively. In addition, 72.2% and 80.2% of the samples, showed the total Enterobacteriaceae and total microorganism count of higher than the limits, respectively. None of the samples were infected with Salmonella. The results showed a high microbial contamination of the studied samples. Accordingly, applying strict standards by the relevant organizations associated with food production, and also providing strict hygiene supervision and a comprehensive control over all stages of ice cream production are essential. The results also indicated the need for health education for ice cream makers.
1. Samir H, Younis W, Sultan S, Abd El-Azeem M. Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus from Ice-Cream Samples. J Vet Ani Res. 2018;1:204.
2. Movassagh MH, Movassagh A, Mahmoodi H, Servatkhah F, Sourorbakhsh MR. Microbiological contamination of the traditional chocolate Ice cream sold in the Northwest Region of Iran. Global Vet. 2011;6(3):269-71.
3. Homayouni A, Javadi M, Ansari F, Pourjafar H, Jafarzadeh M, Barzegar A. Advanced methods in ice cream analysis: A review. Food Anal Methods. 2018;11(11):3224-34.
4. Hassanzadazar H, Abdollahi R, Haj Gholizadeh G, Dalir Rad M, Mehdizadeh T. Investigating of the bacteriological contamination in traditionally manufactured ice creams in Urmia city. Food Hyg. 2012;2(1 (5)):1-9.
5. Kanbakan U, Con A, Ayar A. Determination of microbiological contamination sources during ice cream production in Denizli, Turkey. Food Control. 2004;15(6):463-70.
6. Abolhasannezhad M, Sharifzadeh G, Naseri K, Abedi A, Yosefi S, Nakhaei A. Prevalence of microbial contamination of traditional ice-creams in ice-cream supplier trade units in Birjand in 2015. J Birjand Uni Med Sci. 2017;24(1):73-8.
7. Ghadimi S, Heshmati A, Shafa MA, Nooshkam M. Microbial Quality and Antimicrobial Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Isolated from Traditional Ice Cream in Hamadan City, West of Iran. Avicenna J Clin Microb Infec. 2017;4(1).
8. Emami S, Akya A, Hossain Zadeh A, Barkhordar S. Bacterial contamination of traditional ice creams in Kermanshah in 2008. Iranian J Med Microbiol. 2013;7(2):59-62.
9. ISO S. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Horizontal method for the detection of salmonella spp. 2015. p. 1-38.
ارزیابی کیفیت میکروبی بستنیهای سنّتی عرضه شده در سطح استان آذربایجان شرقی
3352
10. ISO S. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Horizontal methods for detection and enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae - Part 1: Detection and enumeration by MPN technique with per-enrichment. 2007. p. 1-16.11.
11. ISO S. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Detection and enumeration of presumptive Escherichia coli - Most probable number technique. 2005. p. 1-20.
12. ISO S. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Horizontal method for the Detection and enumeration of positive Staphylococci - coagulase Part3: Detection and MPN technique for low numbers. 2007. p. 1-22.
13. ISO S. Microbiology of the food chain - Horizontal method for the enumeration of microorganisms - Part1: Colony count at 30˚C by the pour plate technique. 2015. p. 1-12.
14. Yaman H, Elmali M, Ulukanli Z, Tuzcu M, Genctav K. Microbial quality of ice cream sold openly by retail outlets in Turkey. Revue Med Vet. 2006;157(10):457.
15. Salehian M, Salehifar E, Esfahanizadeh M, Karimzadeh L, Rezaei R, Molanejad M. Microbial Contamination in Traditional Ice cream and Effective factors. J Mazandaran Uni Med Sci. 2013;23(99):18-33.
16. Gundogan N, Avci E. Occurrence and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in raw milk and dairy products in Turkey. Int J Dairy Tech. 2014;67(4):562-9.
17. Shahbazi Y, Emarat A, Ebrahimi F. Microbial quality and chemical composition of traditional ice cream collected from Kermanshah province, Iran. Res Opinions Animal Vet Sci. 2015;5(5):237-41.
18. Çağlayanlar GE, Kunduhoğlu B, Çoksöyler N. Comparison of the microbiological quality of packed and unpacked ice creams sold in Bursa, Turkey. Cankaya Uni J Law. 2009;12(2).
19. Mokhtarian H, Shariatifar N, Mohamadzadeh M, Ghahramani M. The survey on the bacterial contamination of traditional ice cream produced in Gonabad city. Quart Hori Med Sci. 2009;15(1):45-51.
20. Ambily R, Beena A. Bacteriological quality of icecream marketed in Thrissur town, Kerala, India. Vet World. 2012;5(12):738.
21. Jadhav A, Raut P. Evaluation of microbiological quality of ice creams marketed in Kolhapur city, Maharashtra, India. Int J Curr