Survey of Black spot disease in canary

Subject Areas : Journal of Comparative Pathobiology

, A. Sheikhi ¹ , Nariman Sheikhi ² , N. Nikbakht Brujeni, ³ , , S Chakhkar ⁴

1 - Faculty of veterinary medicine, science and research branch, Islamic azad university, Tehran, iran
2 - Department of Clinical Science, College of Veterinary, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Faculty of veterinary medicine, science and research branch, Islamic azad university, Tehran, iran
4 - Faculty of veterinary medicine, science and research branch, Islamic azad university, Tehran, iran

Received: 2021-11-01 Accepted : 2021-11-01 Published : 2020-11-21

Keywords: Canary, Canary circovirus, Black spot,

Abstract :

Black spot disease has been spreading over the past few years in canary flocks. The disease can be caused by various infectious agents including Circovirus, mycoplasma, and various parasites. Symptoms in neonatal canaries include black spot in the abdomen, abdominal enlargement, gall bladder congestion, death in the late period of the embryo, or the birth of the chicks carrying the virus. In adult canaries disease characterized by dullness, anorexia, lethargy and feather disorder, depression, fever, and rarely death. To conduct this study, samples collected from 10 canary flocks, each flock between 89 and 500 canaries. Specific PCR test was used for detection of canary Circovirus and Mycoplasma. Mmicrobial cultures were used for other bacterial or fungal infections. Intestinal smears were used for the detection of parasites infestations. Canary Circovirus was detected in 4 flocks. No other infections or infestations were found. According to the results of this study, canary Circovirus is a potential ethological agent for unilateral black spot on the right side of the bird body. It is a black spot due to the gall bladder congestion. This is the first report for the detection of canary Circovirus virus in Iran.

References:

1-         Goldsmith TL. Documentation of passerine circoviral infection. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Association of Avian Veterinarians. 1995; 43:349–350

2-         Orosz S. Clinical avian medical. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. 1989;3:246–246

3-         Rampin T. Manarolla G. Pisoni G. Recordati C. Sironi G. Circovirus inclusion bodies in intestinal muscle cells of a canary. Avian Pathology 2006;35:277–279

4-         Kollias GV. Avian Medicine: Principles and Application. 4th ed. London: Jstor; 1994.

5-         Hawley DM. Grodio J. Frasca S. Kirkpatrick L. Ley DH. Experimental infection of domestic canaries (Serinus canaria domestica) with mycoplasma gallisepticum: A new model system for a wildlife disease. Avian Pathology. 2011;40:321–327

6-         BOX ED. Life Cycles of Two Isospora Species in the Canary, Serinus canarius Linnaeus. Journal of Protozoology. 1977;24:57–67

7-         De Freitas MFL. De Oliveira JB. De Brito MD. De Freitas DA. Occurrence of coccidiosis in canaries (Serinus canarius) being kept in private captivity in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Parasitology Latinoam. 2003;58:86–88

8-         Quiroga MI. Aleman N. Vazquez S. Nieto JM. Diagnosis of Atoxoplasmosis in a Canary (Serinus canarius) by Histopathologic and Ultrastructural Examination. Avian Disease. 2000;44:465-470

9-         Phenix KV. Weston JH. Ypelaar I. Lavazza A. Smyth JA. Todd D. Wilcox GE. Raidal SR. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a novel circovirus of canaries and its relationship to other members of the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae. Joural of General Virology 2001;82:2805–2809

10-       Pringle CR. Virus taxonomy at the XIth International Congress of Virology, Sydney, Australia, 1999. Arch Virol. 1999;144(10):2065-70. doi: 10.1007/s007050050728

11-       Todd D. Weston J. Ball NW. Borghmans BJ. Smyth JA. Gelmini L. Lavazza A. Nucleotide sequence-based identification of a novel circovirus of canaries. Avian Pathology. 2001;30:321–325

12-       Pourbakhsh SA.  Zakeri A. Sheikhi N. Charkhkar S. Ashtari A. Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum by 16S rRNA PCR with specific primers in clinical samples. Journal of Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 2009;10: 493-502

13-       Mahzounieh M. Karimi I. Zahraei Salehi T. Serologic evidence of chicken infectious anemia in commercial chicken flocks in Shahrekord, Iran. International Journal of Poultry Science. 2005;4:500–503

14-       Todd D. Circoviruses: Immunosuppressive threats to avian species: A review. Avian Pathology 2000;29:373–394

15-       Haddadmarandi MR. Madani SA. Nili H. Ghorbani A. Molecular survey of avian circoviruses in some non-psittacine birds and detection of a novel canary circovirus in a pigeon. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Resaerch 2020;21:57–60