Investigating the Effect of Nitrogen and Nitroxin Biological Fertilizer on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Dual-purpose Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Forage
Subject Areas : Journal of Crop Nutrition ScienceNajmeh Haghighatzadeh 1 , Mani Mojaddam 2
1 - Msc. Graduated, Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
Keywords: Nutrition, leaf area index, Nitroxin, Protein</i>, <i>Forage yield,
Abstract :
BACKGROUND: Optimum uses of nutrients is the most important factor in agricultural systems due to limitations of nutrients especially nitrogen.OBJECTIVES: Current study was done to assess the consumption of different amounts of nitrogen and Nitroxin biological fertilizer on crop production of dual-purpose barley forage.METHODS: This research was conducted in the cropping year of 2013-2014 in Ahvaz city in the form of a split plot using randomized block (RCDB) with three replications. The investigated treatments include the use of pure nitrogen at three levels (including the use of 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1) and the use of Nitroxin biofertilizer at three levels (including no use of nitroxin (control), use of 2 and 4 liters per hectare), were placed in the main and sub plots, respectively.RESULT: The results showed that the effect of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and nitroxin biofertilizer on leaf area index, dry forage yield, forage protein yield and seed protein percentage were significant. The highest leaf area index at the flowering stage (4.5), dry forage yield (2450.3 kg.ha-1) and forage protein yield (544.9 kg.ha-1) belonged to the treatment of 150 kg N.ha-1. The consumption of higher doses of nitroxin caused a significant increase in the leaf area index at the flowering stage, dry forage yield and forage protein yield, although there was no significant difference between the consumption values of 2 and 4 liters per hectare in terms of these traits.CONCLUSION: The interaction effect of the treatments on the studied traits were not significant, according to this, under the consumption of larger amounts of nitrogen (up to 150 kg.ha-1) or the use of biological fertilizer at the rate of 2 liters per hectare (considering the lack of significant difference with the consumption of 4 liters per hectare) can achieve quantitative and qualitative yield of forage in dual-purpose barley cultivation.
Ahmad, G., A. Jan, I. Arif. and M. Arif. 2006. Phenology and physiology of canola as affected nitrogen and sulfur fertilization. Agron. J. 5)4(: 555-562.
Ahmadi, G. and M. Jaafarinia. 2015. Evaluating the effect of biofertilizers on growth and emergence of barley (H. vulgare L.). Indian J. Fundamental and Applied Life Sci. 5(3): 93-99.
Alazmani, A. R. 2014. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on feed and seed yield of Barley cultivar. Intl. Res. J. Appl. Basic Sci. 8(11): 2013-15.
Ardakani, M. R., A. Farah Bakhsh, B. Sani. and H. Khosiravi. 2006. Investigating the effectiveness of di-azotrophic biological fertilizers in sustainable soybean cultivation, The 9th Cong. Agri. Sci. Plant Breed. Iran. Univ. Tehran. Iran.
Ather Nadeem, M., Z. Iqbal, M. Ayoub. and K. Mubeen. 2009. Effect of nitrogen application on forage yield and quality of maize sown alone and in mixture with legumes. Pak. J. Life Social Sci. 7: 161-167.
Azadi, S., S. A. Siadat, R. Naseri, A. Soleimani Fard. and A. Mirzaei. 2013. Effect of integrated application of Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense and nitrogen chemical fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative of durum Wheat. J. Crop Eco-Physiol. 7(2)26: 129-146.
Bakhshaie, S., P. Rezvani Moghaddam. and M. Goldani. 2014. The effects of nitroxin and nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J. Iranian Field Crop Res. 12: 360-368.
Biari, A. A. Gholami. and H. Rahmani. 2008. Growth promotion and enhanced nutrient uptake of maize by application of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria in arid region of Iran. J. Biol. Sci. 8(6): 1015-1020.
Ebadi, A., H. R. Mohammaddoost-Chamanabad. and H. R. Mustafaei. 2009. Investigating the effect of sulfur and nitrogen on yield and absorption of nutrients in spring safflower. Msc. Thesis. Mohaghegh Ardabili Univ. Faculty Agri. Nat. Res. 118 pages.
Egamberdiyeva, D. 2007. The effect of plant growth promoting bacteria on growth and nutrient uptake of maize in two different soils. Appl. Soil Ecol. 36: 184-189.
Fatahi Doost, R. 2018. Investigating the effect of forage harvesting time and nitrogen levels on the yield of forage and seed of southern barley in Ahvaz weather conditions. Msc. Thesis. Dep. Agron. Ahvaz Islamic Azad University. 105 pages.
Fataii, E. 2007. An introduction to environmental knowledge. Mahd Tamdan Publications.
Gharaati, L. 2007. Effects of nitrogen levels on yield and yield components of safflower. MsC. Thesis. Faculty Agri. Tech. Univ. Isfahan.
Gardner, F. P., R. B. Pearce. and R. L. Mitchell. 1985. Physiology of Crop Plants. Iowa State Univ. Press. Ames 1985. 327 pp. USA.
Hamidi, A., R. Chokan, A. Asghar Zadeh, M. Dehghan shoaar, A. Ghalavand. and M. J. Malakoti. 2009. The effect of use bacterial growth promoting (PGPR) on the phenology of late maturity Hybrid. Iranian J. Crop Sci. 11:270-249.
Keeney, D. R. and D. W. Nelson. 1982. Nitrogen in organic forms. PP. 643-698. In: Page, A. L., Miller, R. H., and Keeney, D. R (Eds.), Method of soil analysis. Part II.
Keshavarz Afshar, R., M. R. Chaichi, H. Moghadam. and S. M. R. Ehteshami. 2012. Irrigation, phosphorus fertilizer and Phosphorus solubilizing microorganism effects on yield and forage quality of Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) in an arid region of Iran. Agri. Res. 1(4): 370-378.
Kiani, S., S. A. Siadat, M. R. Moradi Telavat, A. R. Abdali Mashhadi. and M. Sare. 2014. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer application on forage yield and quality of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and fennel (F. vulgare L.) intercropping. Iranian J. Crop Sci. 16(2): 77-90.
Klikocka, H., M. Cybulska, B. Barczak, B. Narolski, B. Szostak, B. Kobiałka, A. Nowak. and E. Wójcik. 2016. The effect of Sulphur and nitrogen fertilization on seed yield and technological quality of spring wheat. Plant Soil Environ. 62(5): 230-236.
Kocabas, I., M. Kaplan, M. Kurkcuoglu. and K. H. C. Base. 2010. Effects of different organic manure applications on the essential oil components of Turkish sage (Salvia fruticosa mill). Asian J. Chem. 22(2): 1599-1605.
Koocheki, A. R., M. Hoseini. and A. Dezfoli. 2008. Constant Agriculture. Mashhad Univ. Pub. Iran.
Litke, K., Z. Gaile. and A. Ruza. 2018. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on winter wheat yield and yield quality. Agron. Res. 16(2): 500 509.
Mardasi, Z. and M. Mojaddam. 2016. Study of combination of nitrogen chemical and biological fertilizers and harvesting time on yield quantity and quality of dual purpose barley. Res. Agri. 8(5): 1-13.
Marschner, H. 2012. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Second Edition. 889pp. London: Academic Press. UK.
Mirlohi, A. F., N. Bozorgvar. and M. Basiri. 2000. Effect different rates nitrogen Fertilizer on growth, yield and forage qualitative three hybrid forage sorghum. Iranian J. Agri. Natural Res. 2: 105-115.
Mojaddam, M. 2009. Investigating the effect of nitrogen management and forage harvesting time on forage yield, seed and amount of retransmission of Jonoob cultivar Barley. Crop Physiol. J. 1(4): 85-99.
Mojiri, A., and A. Arzani. 2003. Effect of nitrogen rate and plant density on yield and yield components of Sunflower J. Water and Soil Sci. 7(2):115-125.
Momen, A., A. R. Pazoki. and M. R. Momayezi. 2013. Effects of granular Sulfur (bentonitic) and compost on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Bam Wheat in Semnan Region. 3(9): 31-46.
Moradi, M., S. A. Siadat, K. Khavazi, R. Naseri, A. Maleki, and A. Mirzae. 2011. Effect of application of biofertilizers and Phosphorus fertilizers on qualitative and quantitative traits of spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). 5(18)2-18: 51-66.
Mosanaei, H., H. Ajamnorozi, M. R. Dadashi, A. Faraji. and M. Pessarakli. 2017. Improvement effect of nitrogen fertilizer and plant density on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed deterioration and yield. Emirates J. Food Agri. 29(11): 899-910.
Niazkhani, M., A. Khorshid. and A. Eivazi. 2014. Evaluation forage clipping stages and different levels of nitrogen on seed and forage yields of Triticale. Am. J. Plant Sci. 5: 2199-2206.
Nourmohamadi, Gh., S. A. Siadat. and A. Kashani. 2010. Cereal. Pub. Shahid Chamran Univ. Ahvaz. 446 pages.
Overman, A. R., D. M. Wilson, W. Vidak, M. N. Allhands. and T. C. Perry. 1995. Model for partitioning of dry matter and nutrients in Corn. J. Plant Nutrition, 18(15): 959-968.
Ram Rao, D. M., J. Kodandaramaiah. and M. P. Reddy. 2007. Effect of VAM fungi and bacterial biofertilizers on mulberry leaf quality and silkworn cocoon characters under semi-arid conditions. Caspian J. Environmental Sci. 5(2): 111-117.
Roumani, A., S. M. R. Ehteshami. and M. Rabiei. 2015. Effect of seed inoculation with plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on forage quality and yield of turnip (Brassica rapa L.) at the different values of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. J. Plant Prod. Technol. 14(2): 89-99.
Rajaee, S., H. A. Alikhani. and F. Raiesi. 2007. Effect of plant growth promoting potentials of Azotobacter chroococcum native strains on growth, yield and uptake of nutrients in Wheat. J. Water and Soil Sci. 11(41): 85-97.
Sharifi Ashoorabad, E. 1998. Investigating soil fertility in agricultural ecosystems. PhD Thesis. Islamic Azad Univ. Sci. Res. Unit. 115 pages.
Siahmarguee, A., F. Taliei. and M. Yazdandost. 2022. Evaluation of resistance and biochemical responses of different varieties of tomato to Dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.). J. Pant Environmental Physiol. 17(65): 19-37.
Siam, H. S., G. M. Abd-El-Kader. and H. I. El-Alia. 2008. Yield and yield components of maize as affected by different sources and application rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Res. J. Agri. Biol. Sci. 4(5): 399-412.
Tejada, M., J. L. Gonzalez, A. M. Garcia-Martinez. and J. Parrado. 2008. Effect of different green manures on soil biological properties and Maize yield. Bio-Res. Technol. 99: 1758-1767.
Vos, J., P. E. L. Vander Putten. and C. J. Birch. 2005. Effect of nitrogen supply on leaf appearance, leaf nitrogen economy and photosynthetic Maize (Zea mays L.). Field Crops Res. 93: 64-73.
Walton, P. D. 1983. Production and management of the cultivated forages. Reston Publishing Company. Univ. Minnesota. USA. 336p.
Yaghoubian, I., S. Ghassemi. and Y. Yaghoubian. 2017. Effect of sowing date and urea fertilizer on some morphological traits, yield and yield components of wheat in Hashtroud, Iran climate condition. Agro-Ecol. J. 13(3): 52-46.
Yosefi, K., M. Galavi, M. Ramrodi. and S. R. Mousavi. 2011. Effect of bio-phosphate and chemical phosphorus fertilizer accompanied with micronutrient foliar application on growth, yield and yield components of maize (Single Cross 704). Aust. J. Crop Sci. 5(2):175-180.
Zahir, A. Z., M. Arshad. and W. F. Frankenberger. 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: Application and perspectives in agriculture. Adv. Agron. 81: 97-168.