Effectiveness of Pennsylvania Resiliency Program on Parental Burnout and Child Abuse Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic in Mothers of Primary School Students

Subject Areas : Journal of Excellence in counseling and psychotherapy

Mehdi Shomali Ahmadabadi ¹ , Atefe Barkhordari ²

1 - PhD in Psychology, Education Department, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran.
2 - M.A, Department of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Meybod Branch, Yard, Iran.

Received: 2022-04-10 Accepted : 2022-07-19 Published : 2022-11-22

Keywords: Child abuse, COVID-19, Pennsylvania Resilience, Parental Burnout,

Abstract :

Purpose: Covid-19 disease has many psychological consequences, such as parental burnout and child abuse, In addition to physical injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Pennsylvania resilience-based intervention on parental burnout and child abuse caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in mothers of elementary school students.Methodology: The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of mothers of first grade students in Ardakan city in the academic year 2020-2021. 30 people were selected by voluntary sampling method based on inclusion criteria and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The instruments of this study included the Parental Burnout Scale (Rosecom et al., 2018) and Child Abuse (Hosseinkhani et al., 2013). The Pennsylvania resuscitation program was presented to the experimental group on a weekly basis for twelve 1.5-hour sessions, and the control group did not receive training. The data were analyzed using chi-square and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS26 statistical software.Findings: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic variables of age and education (p<0.05). Other results showed that the Pennsylvania Resiliency Program was effective in reducing the scores of parental burnout (p<0.001, F= 27.168) and child abuse (p<0.001, F= 37.466) Caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in mothers of primary school students.Conclusion: The Pennsylvania resiliency program to be used as an effective intervention to reduce parental burnout and child abuse caused by the Covid-19 pandemic in the mothers of elementary school students, along with other educational and therapeutic methods.

References:

Blood KM. (2021). The effects of an online resilience training program on the resilience and perceived stress of first-year doctor of physical therapy students (Doctoral dissertation, University of Bridgeport). [Link]

De Boer C, Ghomrawi HM, Bouchard M& et al. (2022). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on presentation and severity of traumatic injury due to physical child abuse across US children's hospitals. Journal of pediatric surgery, 57(4), 726-731. [Link]

Forgeard M & Seligman M. (2012). Seeing the glass half full: a review of the causes and consequences of optimism. Pratiques Psychologiques, 18(2), 107-120. [Link]

Gillham JE, Reivich K, Freres D & et al. (2007). School-based prevention of depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled study of the effectiveness and specificity of the penn resiliency program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(1), 9-21. [Link]

Griffith, A. K. (2020). Parental burnout and child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of family violence, 1-7.  [Link]‏

Hosseinkhani Z, Nedjat S, Majdzadeh R& et al. (2014). Design of the child abuse questionnaire in Iran. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 11(3), 29-38.‏ [Link] [In Persain].

Hubert S & Aujoulat I. (2018). Parental burnout: when exhausted mothers open up. Frontiers inPpsychology, 9(4), 1-9. [Link]

Kerr ML, Fanning K, Huynh T & et al. (2021). Parents’ self-reported psychological impacts of covid-19: associations with parental burnout, child behavior, and income. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 16(2), 42-56 [Link]

Khashab NM, Skrabalak SE, Adler-Abramovich L & et al. (2021). Resilient women and the resiliency of science. Chemistry of Materials, 33(17), 6585-6588. [Link]

Kooshki E, Shokri O, Ghanbari S & et al. (2020). A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of the penn resilience program (prp) in reducing psychological distress and improving explanatory style in students. Research in School and Virtual Learning, 7(3), 9-22. [Link] [In Persain].

Luo Y, Xia W, Cheung A& et al. (2021). Effectiveness of a mobile device–based resilience training program in reducing depressive symptoms and enhancing resilience and quality of life in parents of children with cancer: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research, 23(11), 226-239. [Link]

Mikolajczak M, Raes M, Avalosse H & et al. (2018b). Exhausted parents: sociodemographic, child-related, parent-related, parenting and family-functioning correlates of parental burnout. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(2), 602–614. [Link]

Mousavi SF. (2017). The burnout and exhaustion due to parental responsibilities: the role of parent-child demographic variables. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 9(123), 1-9.‏ [Link] [In Persain].

Munastiwi E. (2020). Colorful online learning problem of early childhood education during the covid-19 pandemic. Al-Ta lim Journal, 27(3), 227-235. [Link]

Olatunji BO, Cisler JM & Deacon. J. (2010). Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: a review of meta-analytic findings. Psychiatric Clinics, 33(3), 557-577. [Link]

Peng L, Li M, Zuo X & et al. (2014). Application of the Pennsylvania resilience training program on medical students. Personality and Individual Differences, 61(4), 47-51. [Link]

Prikhidko A, Long H & Wheaton MG. (2020). The effect of concerns about covid-19 on anxiety, stress, parental burnout, and emotion regulation: the role of susceptibility to digital emotion contagion. Frontiers in public health, 8(4), 894.‏ [Link]

Roskam I, Brianda ME & Mikolajczak M. (2018). A step forward in the conceptualization and measurement of parental burnout: the parental burnout assessment (PBA). Frontiers in Psychology, 9(4), 758-769. [Link]

Shahisadrabadi F, Khosravi Z, Rahmatinejad P & Yazdi, M. (2020). The experience of the anger in individual with obsessive compulsive disorder: a qualitative study. Journal of Psychological Achievements, 27(2), 171-192.‏ [Link]

Sheykholeslami A, Mohammad N, Seyedesmaili ghomi N. (2016). Comparing the parenting stress, happiness and cognitive flexibility of mothers with intellectually disable and learning disable children. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 5(4), 25-42.  [Link] [In Persain].

Shomali Ahmadabadi, M, Barkhordari Ahmadabadi A & Arianpour L. (2020). The role of parental burnout in elementary school abuse in the Covid-19 epidemic. Scanning in Humanities Education, 6 (24), 17-32. [Link] [In Persain].

Stice E, Rohde P, Gau JM & Wade, E. (2010). Efficacy trial of a brief cognitive–behavioral depression prevention program for high-risk adolescents: effects at 1-and 2-year follow-up. Journal of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 78(6), 856-867. [Link]

Sullivan L, Carter JE, Houle J, & et al. (2021). Evaluation of a resilience training program for college student-athletes: A pilot study. Journal of American College Health, 13(4), 1-8. [Link]

Turk BA. (2020). The relationship of coping style and emotional intelligence on parental burnout. (Doctoral Dissertation, Northcentral University).‏ [Link]

World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report–34. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2020. [Link]