Investigating the Nitrate Absorption Capacities of Sargassum Polycystum Biomass

Subject Areas : Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Alzahraa S. Abdulwahid ^{1 *} , Faraj Mohammed ² , Mohammed Hadi ³ , Sarmad Dheyaa Noori ⁴ , Maha Noori Shakir ⁵ , Zainab Jamal Hamoodah ⁶ , Nahed Mahmood Ahmed ⁷

1 - Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq
2 - Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, (Maysan), Iraq
3 - Department of Medical Instruments Engineering Techniques, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
4 - Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
5 - Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
6 - Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Mazaya University College, Samawah, Iraq
7 - College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq

Received: 2023-07-30 Accepted : 2023-11-07 Published : 2023-12-01

Keywords: eutrophication, Biosorbent, Sargassum polycystum, Nitrate absorption,

Abstract :

Eutrophication caused by high nitrate levels in surface and subsurface water bodies is a major ecological concern. This process leads to the proliferation of algae and aquatic plants, which results in a reduction of dissolved oxygen and harm to aquatic organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to explore effective methods to remove nitrate ions from wastewater. In this study, the efficacy of Sargassum polycystum macroalgae as a biosorbent for nitrate ion removal was examined. The experiment investigated the impact of pH variations, initial biomass of S. polycystum algae, initial concentration of nitrate ions (50-300 mg L-1), and contact duration on the nitrate removal process. The dried powder of S. polycystum algae was used in the experiment. The findings indicate that the seaweed S. polycystum has a high capacity to absorb nitrate ions from wastewater, with a maximum absorption capacity of 545.70 mg g-1 of seaweed. The optimal test conditions for nitrate removal were found to be pH of 6, initial biomass of 0.02 g L-1, initial concentration of 300 mg L-1 nitrate ions, and contact duration of 60 minutes. Under these conditions, the nitrate removal rate was 52.8%. The results of this study suggest that S. polycystum macroalgae has a high potential for removing nitrate ions from wastewater. Overall, the use of S. polycystum as a biosorbent for nitrate removal can offer a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and efficient solution for mitigating eutrophication.

References:

1. Alahi M.E.E., Mukhopadhyay S.C., 2018. Detection methods of nitrate in water: A review. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical. 280, 210–221.


2. Aliasghar A., Javidan P., Rahmaninezhad S. A., Mehrdadi N., 2022. Optimizing the desalination rate in a photoelectrocatalytic desalination cell (PEDC) by altering operational conditions. Water Supply. 22(12), 8659-8668.


3. Tajfar I., Pazoki M., Pazoki A., Nejatian N., Amiri M., 2023. Analysis of Heating Value of Hydro-Char Produced by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Cigarette Butts. Pollution. 9(3), 1273-1280.


4. Javidan P., Baghdadi M., Torabian A., Goharrizi B. A., 2022. A tailored metal–organic framework applicable at natural pH for the removal of 17α-ethinylestradiol from surface water. Cancer. 11, 13.


5. Johnson S.F., 2019. Methemoglobinemia: Infants at risk. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care. 49(3), 57–67.


6. Brender J.D., 2020. Human health effects of exposure to nitrate, nitrite, and nitrogen dioxide. Just Enough Nitrogen: Perspectives on How to Get There for Regions with Too Much and Too Little Nitrogen. 283–294.


7. Karunanidhi D., Aravinthasamy P., Subramani T., Kumar M., 2021. Human health risks associated with multipath exposure of groundwater nitrate and environmental friendly actions for quality improvement and sustainable management: a case study from Texvalley (Tiruppur region) of India. Chemosphere. 265 129083.


8. Zhu J., Yu Z., He L., Yuan Y., Wang W., Cao X., Chen N., Wang W., Song X., 2023. Mechanisms of Phaeocystis globosa blooms in the Beibu Gulf revealed by metatranscriptome analysis. Harmful Algae. 102407.


9. Mrdjen I., Fennessy S., Schaal A., Dennis R., Slonczewski J.L., Lee S., Lee J., 2018. Tile drainage and anthropogenic land use contribute to harmful algal blooms and microbiota shifts in inland water bodies. Environmental Science & Technology. 52(15), 8215–8223.


10. Romanelli A., Soto D.X., Matiatos I., Martínez D.E., Esquius S., 2020. A biological and nitrate isotopic assessment framework to understand eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. Science of the Total Environment. 715, 136909.


11. Touir J., Kitanou S., Zait M., Belhamidi S., Belfaquir M., Tahaikt M., Taky M., Elmidaoui A., 2021. The comparison of electrodialysis and nanofiltration in nitrate removal from groundwater. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology. 6(1), 17–30.


12. Velusamy K., Periyasamy S., Kumar P.S., Vo D.V.N., Sindhu J., Sneka D., Subhashini B., 2021. Advanced techniques to remove phosphates and nitrates from waters: a review. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 19 3165–3180.


13. Singh S., Anil A.G., Kumar V., Kapoor D., Subramanian S., Singh J., Ramamurthy P.C., 2022. Nitrates in the environment: A critical review of their distribution, sensing techniques, ecological effects and remediation. Chemosphere. 287, 131996.


14. Xu H., Ma Y., Chen J., Zhang W., Yang J., 2022. Electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate–a step towards a sustainable nitrogen cycle. Chemical Society Reviews. . 7, 2710-2758


15. El-Lateef H.M.A., Khalaf M.M., Al-Fengary A.E., Elrouby M., 2022. Removal of the Harmful Nitrate Anions from Potable Water Using Different Methods and Materials, including Zero-Valent Iron. Molecules. 27(8), 2552.


16. Rezvani F., Sarrafzadeh M.-H., Ebrahimi S., Oh H.-M., 2019. Nitrate removal from drinking water with a focus on biological methods: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 26, 1124–1141.


17. Qin H., Hu T., Zhai Y., Lu N., Aliyeva J., 2020. The improved methods of heavy metals removal by biosorbents: A review. Environmental Pollution. 258, 113777.


18. Kalsoom M., Rehman F.U., Shafique T., Junaid S., Khalid N., Adnan M., Zafar I., Tariq M.A., Raza M.A., Zahra A., 2020. Biological importance of microbes in agriculture, food and pharmaceutical industry: A review. Innovare J. Life Sci. 8(6), 1–4.


19. Tazeh E., Dadfarnia S., Haji Shabani A.M., Noorbala E., 2023. Removal of Formaldehyde by the Cost-Effective Untreated Biosorbent of Chlorella Vulgaris Microalgae. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Research. 10(2), 159–167.


20. Lboumhamdi A., Znini M., Paolini J., Costa J., Majidi L., 2020. Chemical analysis of volatile constituents of Pulicaria mauritanica isolated by hydrodistillation and headspace solid-phase micro-extraction techniques. Antimicrobial activity of its essential oil. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Research. 7(2), 197–209.


21. Nayak G., Bhuyan R.S., Sahu A., 2022. Review on biomedical applications of marine algae-derived biomaterials. Univers J Public Health. 10(1), 15–24.


22. Pradhan B., Bhuyan P.P., Patra S., Nayak R., Behera P.K., Behera C., Behera A.K., Ki J.S., Jena M., 2022. Beneficial effects of seaweeds and seaweed-derived bioactive compounds: Current evidence and future prospective. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 39, 102242.


23. Bulgariu L., Bulgariu D., 2020. Bioremediation of toxic heavy metals using marine algae biomass. Green Materials for Wastewater Treatment. 69–98.


24. Hamd A., Dryaz A.R., Shaban M., AlMohamadi H., Ahmed S.A., El-Sayed R., Soliman N.K., 2022. Application of marine algae separate and in combination with natural zeolite in dye adsorption from wastewater; A review. Egypt J Chem. 65, 589–616.


25. Liu X., Pang H., Liu X., Li Q., Zhang N., Mao L., Qiu M., Hu B., Yang H., Wang X., 2021. Orderly porous covalent organic frameworks-based materials: superior adsorbents for pollutants removal from aqueous solutions. The Innovation. 2(1), 100076.


26. Kumar M., Singh A.K., Sikandar M., 2020. Biosorption of Hg (II) from aqueous solution using algal biomass: kinetics and isotherm studies. Heliyon. 6(1), e03321.


27. Shanura Fernando I.P., Asanka Sanjeewa K.K., Samarakoon K.W., Kim H.-S., Gunasekara U., Park Y.-J., Abeytunga D.T.U., Lee W.W., Jeon Y.J., 2018. The potential of fucoidans from Chnoospora minima and Sargassum polycystum in cosmetics: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin-whitening, and antiwrinkle activities. Journal of Applied Phycology. 30, 3223–3232.


28. Jayakumar V., Govindaradjane S., Rajamohan N., Rajasimman M., 2021. Biosorption potential of brown algae, Sargassum polycystum, for the removal of toxic metals, cadmium and zinc. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 1–14.


29. Saetan U., Nontasak P., Palasin K., Saelim H., Wonglapsuwan M., Mayakun J., Pongparadon S., Chotigeat W., 2021. Potential health benefits of fucoidan from the brown seaweeds Sargassum plagiophyllum and Sargassum polycystum. Journal of Applied Phycology. 33(5), 3357–3364.


30. Fan C., Zhang Y., 2018. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics of nitrate and phosphate in binary systems on a novel adsorbent derived from corn stalks. Journal of Geochemical Exploration. 188 95–100.


31. Berkessa Y.W., Mereta S.T., Feyisa F.F., 2019. Simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate from wastewater using solid waste from factory. Applied Water Science. 9 1–10