The Effect of Foliar Application of Growth Stimulants and Priming on Yield and Grain Oil Content of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Subject Areas : Journal of Crop Ecophysiology

Mahmoud Pouryousef Miandoab ¹ , Farnaz Esmaeilzadeh ²

1 - Associate Prof., Department of Agronomy and Agro-ecology, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran
2 - Department of Agronomy, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran

Received: 2015-12-22 Accepted : 2016-12-23 Published : 2017-02-19

Keywords: Seed yield, auxin, GA, Seed oil percent,

Abstract :

To investigate the effect of foliar application of plants with growth stimulants and seed priming on yield and seed oil content of flax, a factorial experiment was conducted at the Saatlo Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azarbaijan based on a randomized complete block design with three replication in 2015. The first factor was two varieties of flax seed (yellow, white flowered and brown, purple flowered), the second factor was seed priming consisted of 3 levels (control, hydro-priming and priming with Auxin + GA) and the third factor was foliar application of growth stimulants with three levels (control, Auxin and GA). The results showed that effect of seed priming was significant on all traits except pod weight, thousand seed weight and seed oil percent. Foliar application of plants with growth stimulants were also, significant on plant height, seed number/plant, pod weight, biological yield, seed yield and grain oil percent. Interaction of cultivar and priming on seed weight and seed yield and also on cultivar with foliar application were significant on plant height and pod weight and seed oil percent. Interaction of priming and foliar application on plant height, number of branches, number of pods/plant, pod weight, seed yield and seed oil percent was also observed. Brown purple flowering flax cultivar had higher seed yield and seed oil percent as compared with yellow white flowering flax seed. Seed priming and foliar application of plants with growth stimulants, and seed priming with Auxin + GA along with foliar application of GA produced highest seed yield and seed oil percent, as compared with other treatments.

References:

Akbari charmahini, S., and N. Moalemi. 2012. Effect of gibberellic acid on the growth of seedlings olive (Olea europaea L.). Journal of Horticultural Science. 24(2): 184-188. (In Persian).
Ashraf, M., and M.R. Foolad. 2005. Pre-sowing seed treatment-a shotgun approach to improve germination growth and crop yield under saline and none-saline conditions. Journal of Advances in Agronomy. 88: 223-271.
Betrand, A.M., and A. Ernstsen. 2001. Endogenous gibberellins in Lolium perenne and influence of defoliation on their contents in elongating leaf bases and in leaf sheaths. Journal of Physiologia Plantarum. 111: 123-231.
Chiwocha, S.D.S., A.J. Culler, S.R. Abrams, S.J. Ambrose, J. Yang, A.R.S. Ross, and A.R. Kermode. 2005. The etr 1-2 multation in Arabidopsis thaliana effects the abscisic, auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin metabolic pathways during maintenance of seed dormancy moist-chilling and germination. Plant Journal. 42: 35-48.
Copeland, L.O., and M.B. McDonald. 2001. Principles of seed science and technology. Springer Press, New York. 428 pp.
Dehnavi, M., M. Ranjbar, A. Yadavi, and B. Kavosi. 2010. Effect of cycocel on proline, soluble sugars, protein, oil percent and fatty acids of flaxseed oil under drought stress in potcultivation conditions. Journal of Abiotic Stress in Agricultural Science. 3(2): 129-138. (In Persian).
De Villiers, A.J., M.W. Van-Rooyrn, G.K. Theron, and H.A. Van-de-Venter. 1994. Germination of three namaqualand pioneer species, as influenced by salinity, temperature and light. Journal of Seed Technology Science. 22: 427-433.
Eisvand, H.R., R. Tavakol-Afshari, F. Sharifzadeh, H. Maddah- Arefi, and S.M. Hesamzadeh- Hejazi. 2010. Effects of hormonal priming and drought stress on activity and isozyme profiles of antioxidant enzymes in deteriorated seed of tall wheatgrass. Journal of Seed Technology Science. 38(2): 280-297.
Eivazi, A. 2014. Induction of drought tolerance with seed priming in wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Acta Agriculture Slovenica. 1(99): 21–29.
Feghenabi, F. 2008. The effect of different treatments on seed yield, yield components, morphological and physiological traits of safflower. Master's thesis. University of Urmia. 110 pp. (In Persian).
Iqbal, M., and M. Ashraf. 2005. Pre-sowing seed treatment with cytokinin and its effect on growth, photosynthetic rate, ionic levels and yield of two wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Biology. 47: 1315-1325.
Itoh, H., M. Tanaka-Ueguchi, H. Kawaide, X.B. Chen, Y. Kamiya, and M. Matsuoka. 1999. The gene encoding tobacco gibberellin 3 β-hydroxylase is expressed at the site of GA action during stem elongation and flower organ development. The Plant Journal for Cell and Molecular Biology. 20: 15–24.
Karimi, A., M. Tajbakhsh, R. Amirniya, and A. Eivazi. 2012. The effect of some plant growth inducers on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays L.). Journal of Plant Production. 20(2): 161-177. (In Persian).
Khan, M.S., A. Zaidi, and P.A. Wani. 2009. Role of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms in sustainable agriculture: review. Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences. 5: 551-570.
Mazid, M. 2014. Seed priming application of gibberellic acid on growth, biochemical, yield attributes and protein status of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. DCP 92-3). International Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. 5 (1): 17-22.
Mohabbati, F., F. Moradi, F. Paknejhad, S. Vazan, D. Habibi, S. Behnia, and H. Pourirandost. 2012. Effects of foliar application of auxin, cytokinin and abscisicacid hormoneson grain yield and yield components of three rice genotypes under low temperature stress. Journal of Iranian Crop Sciences. 14(1): 58-71.
Murungu, F.S., P. Nyamugafata, C. Chiduza, L.J. Clark, and W.R. Whalley. 2003. Effects of seed priming aggregate size and soil matric potential on emergence of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Soil Tillage Research. 74:161-168.
Pazoki, A.R., H. Rezayi, D. Habibi, and F. Pak Nezhad. 2012. Effect of drought stress, asscorbate and gibberellin foliar application on some morphological traits, RWC and cell membrane stability of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 8(1): 1-13. (In Persian).
Pourmohammad, A., F. Shekari, and V. Soltanband. 2014. Cycocel priming and foliar application affected yield component of rapeseed. Journal of Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova. 7(1): 59-69.
Pramanik, K., A. Adhikari, A.K. Bera, and B. Mandal. 2015. Effect of seed priming and mulching on growth and productivity of rain-fed sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) during summer season. International Journal of Bioresource Science. 2l (1): 23-32.
Shahidi, F. 2005. Bailey’s industrial oil and fats products. (6^th ed). New Jersey: Wiley and Sons. U.S.A.
Sharifnia, F., and M. Asadi. 2000. Iranian flora. Linaceae family. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands press. Tehran. (In Persian).
Sharma, A.K., and B. Saran. 1992. Effect of pre sowing soaking in NAA and GA3 on germination and seedling growth in black gram. Journal of New Agriculture. 3: 21-24.
Shirzad Sure, S., H. Arooie, and M. Azizi. 2012. Influence of Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) and Planting Method on Growth and Yield in Oil Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca). Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 4(2):101-107.
Shokofa, A., and Y. Imam. 2005. Effects of different levels of nitrogen and growth regulators (Ethephon and CCC) on growth and performance of wheat cultivar Shiraz. Science Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding of Iran Tehran Unive- Pardis Aboureihan. 59 pp.
Tadayon, A., SH. Torabian, and M.R. Tadayon. 2013. The effect of density on yield and quality of four commercial varieties of edible flax. Journal of Crop Improve. 15(1): 15-26. (In Persian).
Taiz, L., and E. Zeiger. 2006. Plant Physiology. Sinauer Assoc. Inc. 726 pp.

Tohidnegad, Z., and A. Tohidnegad. 2014. Evalution of the effect of nitrogen on the yield potential of varietie of flax. Thirteenth National Congres of Plant Breeding and Seed Research. 24-26. Agust 2014. Karaj, Iran. pp. 251-258. (In Persian).