Top-dressing of Potassium Fertilizers on Safflower
Subject Areas : Journal of Crop EcophysiologyNeginsadat Amir Khalili 1 , Alidad Amiri Behzadi 2 , Esmaeil Babakhanzadeh Sajirani 3
1 - Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
2 - Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Grain yield, Foliar application, Safflower, Potassium, Oil content, Top-dressing,
Abstract :
To determine the effects of potassium foliar application (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium sulphate source and top-dressing application of potassium fertilizer (with two levels, use and non-use) from potassium chloride source on number of seeds per capitulum, number of side branch per plant, seed yield, seed oil content, oil yield, seed to coat ratio, plant height and shoot dry weight in three safflower, genotypes including KW.2, Padideh and Goldasht a factorial experiment based on the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, was conducted during 2013 growing season at the Agricultural Research Center of Semnan province (Shahroud). Results showed that the highest average of number of seeds per capitulum (28.70), number of side branch per plant (17.83) and seed to coat ratio (1.47) were found in KW.2 genotype. The highest seed yield (2627.7 kg/ha) and oil yield (1350.5 kg/ha) were found from potassium sulphate foliar application in Padideh and KW.2 genotypes respectively. The interaction effect of genotype × potassium foliar application was significant for seed and oil yields. In conclusion, it was determined that potassium sulphate foliar application has better impacts on seed and oil yield of safflower genotypes than potassium top-dressing application.
Abedi Baba Arabi, S., M. Movahedi Dehnavi, A.R. Yadavi, and E. Adhami. 2011. Effects of Zn and K foliar application on physiological traits and yield of spring safflower under drought stress. Iranian Society of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Science. 4(1): 75-95. (In Persian).
Aliari, H., and F. Shekari. 2000. Oil seeds, agriculture and physiology. Amidi publication, 182 pages. (In Persian).
Alizade, K.H., and J. Carapetian. 2006. Genetic variation in a safflower germplasm grown in rainfed cold drylands. Journal of Agronomy. 5(1): 50-52.
Altındişli, A., M.E. Irget, H. Kalkan, S. Kara, and M. Oktay. 2000. Effect of foliar applied KNO3 on yield, quality and leaf nutrients of carignane and colombard wine grapes. In: Anac, D., and P. Martin Prevel. Improved Crop Quality by Nutrient Management. Pp: 103-106.
Badr, N.M., and A.T. Thalooth. 2005. Effect of different patterns of potassium fertilization on growth and yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) grown under different levels of saline irrigation. Bulletin of the National Research Council. 30: 507–520.
Baldini, M., R. Giovanardi, and G. Vannozzi. 2000. Effect of different water availability on fatty acid composition of the oil in standard and high oleic sunflower hybrids. Proceedings of XV International Sunflower Conference. Toulouse, France, 12-15 June.
Behdani, M.A., and M. Jami Al-ahmadi. 2008. Evaluation growth and yield varieties of safflower in different date of planting. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Research. 6(2). 245-254. (In Persian).
Camas, N., C. Cirak, and E. Esendel. 2007. Seed yield, oil content and fatty acids composition of safflower grown in northen turkey condition. Journal of Agricaltural Faculty of Ondokuz Mayis University. 22(1) : 98-104
Daneshvar, F., and G. Khajoei-Nejad. 2015. Study of bio-fertilizers application effects on yield potential and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes. Iranian of Irrigation and Water Engineering. 4(16): 59-69. (In Persian).
Deltalab, B., H. Kazemi- Arbat, and B. Pasban-Eslam. 2011. The effect of sowing dates on yield, yield components and oil content of three spring safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under full irrigation regime in Tabriz. Journal of Crop and Weed Ecophysiology. 3(5): 11-24. (In Persian).
Dos Santos, J.I., T.R.B. Da Silva, F. Rogerio, R.F. Santos and D. Seco. 2013. Yield Response in crambe to potassium fertilizer. Industrial Crops and Products.43: 297-300.
Ferasat, M., N.A. Noorali, and M. Mirzakhani. 2012. Effect of drought stress on yield and yield component of spring safflower genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 10(2): 346-353. (In Persian).
Ghobadi, A.R., S. Poor Dad, and R. Rajabi. 2008. Effect of potassium fertilizer and chilling stress on some agronomic and morphologic traits in different genotypes of safflower. 10th Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Science, 18 Aug, Tehran University campus Abureyhan . 416-420. (In Persian).
Hamayun, M., S. Afzal Khan, A. Latif khan, Z. Shinwari, N. Ahmad, and Y. Hakim. 2011. Effect of foliar and soil application of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium on yield components of lentil. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 43(1): 391 – 396.
Hatami, H., A. Ayine Band, M. Azizi, A. Soltani, and A.R. Dadkhah. 2010. Effect of potassium on growth and yield soybean cultivars in Northen Khorasan. Journal of Plant Ecophisiology. 2(2): 1-17. (In Persian).
Hatami, H., M. Aynehband, A.S. Azizi, and M. Khodabandeh. 2009. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of soybean in North Khorasan. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 2(2): 25-42. (In Persian).
Jianwei, L., J. Zou, and F. Chen. 2007. Effect of phosphoru and potassium aplication on rapeseed yield and nutrients use efficiency. Proceeding of the 12th international Rapeseed Congress. Wuhan, China. Pp: 202-205
Khajepour, M.R, and P. Heydari Zade. 2007. Response of safflower genotype to planting date. Agriculture and Natural Resource Science and Technique Journal. 11(42): 69-80. (In Persian).
Khodamardi, M., M. Sarajooghi, and A.A. Mohammadi. 2015. Response of yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) on different levels of phosphorus under irrigation conditions. National Conference on Climate Change and Engineering Sustainable Agricultural and Natural Resources. Tehran. (In Persian).
Klaiselvan, P., K. Subrahmaniyan, and T.N. balasubranabian. 2002. Effect of split application of N and K on the growth, yield attributes and yield of seasame. Sesame and Safflower Newsletter. no. 17.
Kuepper, G. 2003. Foliar fertilization, The National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service. www.attra.ncat.org.
Lotfi, P., G. Mohammadi-Nejad, and P. Golkar. 2012. Evaluation of drought tolerance in different genotypes of the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Agronomy Sciences. 5(7): 1-14. (In Persian).
Majd, B. 2003. The study of yield components and physiological characters of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in different season and planting density. 5th National Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture. Islamic Azad University Isfahan, Khorasgan. 5 pages. (In Persian).
Malakooti, M.J., H. Rezayi, and S. Salim Poor. 2000. Evaluation of different value and the time of potassium fertilizers application on Brassica napus. Soil and water Research abstracts. 600 pages. (In Persian).
Mirzakhani, M., and A.H. Omidi. 2008. Cold tolerance and grain yield compared to the cold spring and autumn cultivars of safflower in Farahan. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science. 5(3): 173-179 (In Persian).
Mirzapoor, M.H., A.H. Khoshgoftar., S.K. Mirnia., H.A. Bahrami and M.R. Naeni. 2001. Interaction of potassium and magnesium on growth and yield of sunflower in a saline soil. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 17(2): 136-147. (In Persian).
Mokhtari, A.R., A. Akbar Zade., H. Rahimi, and M.R Hagh Parast. 2009. Investigation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) yield in relation to stable values of nitrogen and phosphorus against different values of potassium. The First National Symposium Oil seeds, Gorgan, Iran. (In Persian).
More, S.D., D.S. Hangarge, and C.V. Raghavaiah. 2005 Evaluation of management technology and genotypes for optimiation of safflower, production under saline condition. Journal of Oilseed Research. 22: 86-89.
Morovati, E., M.A. Sahari, and M. Barzegar. 2010. Physicochemical properties of Iranian varieties/lines of safflower oil and seed as a rich source of ω-6. Iranian Journal of Medicinal Plants. 36(4): 145-154. (In Persian).
Mosavifar, A., M.E. Behdani, and M. Jami Al-ahmadi. 2009. Effect of drought stress on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of spring safflower seeds. Regional Symposium of Water Crisis and Drought. 4 November, Iran. 47-49 (In Persian).
Naderi Darbagh-Shahi, M.R., G. Noor Mohammadi, A. Majidi, F. Darvish, A.H. Shirani Rad, and H. Madani. 2004. Effects of drought estress and plant density on ecophysiological traits of three safflower lines in summer planting in Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Seed and Plant. 20:3. 281-296. (In Persian).
Odeleye, F.O., O.M.O. Odeleye, and M.O., Animashaun. 2007. Effects of nutrient foliar spray on soybean growth and yield (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in South West Nigeria. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 35(2): 1842-4309.
Omidi Tabrizi, A.H. 2002. Correlation between traits and path analysis for seed and oil yield in spring safflower. Journal of Plant and Seed. 18(2): 229-240.
Rahimi, M.M., and G. Noormohammadi. 2014. Assessment of the effect of different planting dates on quality and quantity yield of spring safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Iranian Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 7:20. 59-67. (In Persian).
Roshdi, M., S. Rezadoost, J. Khaliliye mahale, and N. Haji Hasani. 2009. Effect of biological fertilizer on yield and yield components of sunflower cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science. 3(10): 11-25. (In Persian).
Sadeghi, S., F. Shekari, R. Fotovat, and A. Zangani. 2010. The Effect of priming by salicylic acid on vigor and seedling growth of canola (Brassica napus) under water deficit condition. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology. 2 (6): 55-70. (In Persian).
Sakarvadia, H.L., K.B. Polara, K.B. Parmar, N.B. Babariya, and B.B. Kumjadia. 2009. Effect of potassium and zinc on growth, quality parameters and nutrient uptake by cotton. Asian Journal of Soil Science. 4(1): 24-26.
Salamati, M.S. 2013. Path analysis on seed yield components on Iranian Carthamus tinctorius L. genotypes. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi). 97: 105-111. (In Persian).
Salimi, G.H., F. Hamedi, and R. Rezayi Zangene. 2009. Effect of potassium and magnesium levels on quantitative characteristics of winter safflower. National Conference of Oilseeds. Isfahan University Technology. 3 pages. (In Persian).
Sepehr, A., and M.G. Malakooti. 2004. Effect of different value of potassium and magnesium on quantity and quality of sunflower. Water and Soil Science. 18(1): 29-36.
Shehu, H.E., J.D. Kwari, and M.K. Sandabe. 2010. Effects of N, P and K Fertilizers on yield, content and uptake of N, P and K by sesame (Sesamum indicum). International Journal of Agriculture Biology. 12(6): 845-850
Soleimanzadeh, H., D. Habibi, M. R. Ardakani, F. Paknejad, and F. Rejali. 2010. Response of sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) to drought stress under different potassium levels. World Applied Sciences Journal. 8(4): 443-448. (In Persian).
Taherkhani, M, and A. Golchin. 2006. The effects of nitrogen different rates on oil yield and seed quality and potassium and phosphorus uptake of winter canola, SLM046. Agroecology Journal. 2: 77-85.
_||_Abedi Baba Arabi, S., M. Movahedi Dehnavi, A.R. Yadavi, and E. Adhami. 2011. Effects of Zn and K foliar application on physiological traits and yield of spring safflower under drought stress. Iranian Society of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Science. 4(1): 75-95. (In Persian).
Aliari, H., and F. Shekari. 2000. Oil seeds, agriculture and physiology. Amidi publication, 182 pages. (In Persian).
Alizade, K.H., and J. Carapetian. 2006. Genetic variation in a safflower germplasm grown in rainfed cold drylands. Journal of Agronomy. 5(1): 50-52.
Altındişli, A., M.E. Irget, H. Kalkan, S. Kara, and M. Oktay. 2000. Effect of foliar applied KNO3 on yield, quality and leaf nutrients of carignane and colombard wine grapes. In: Anac, D., and P. Martin Prevel. Improved Crop Quality by Nutrient Management. Pp: 103-106.
Badr, N.M., and A.T. Thalooth. 2005. Effect of different patterns of potassium fertilization on growth and yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) grown under different levels of saline irrigation. Bulletin of the National Research Council. 30: 507–520.
Baldini, M., R. Giovanardi, and G. Vannozzi. 2000. Effect of different water availability on fatty acid composition of the oil in standard and high oleic sunflower hybrids. Proceedings of XV International Sunflower Conference. Toulouse, France, 12-15 June.
Behdani, M.A., and M. Jami Al-ahmadi. 2008. Evaluation growth and yield varieties of safflower in different date of planting. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Research. 6(2). 245-254. (In Persian).
Camas, N., C. Cirak, and E. Esendel. 2007. Seed yield, oil content and fatty acids composition of safflower grown in northen turkey condition. Journal of Agricaltural Faculty of Ondokuz Mayis University. 22(1) : 98-104
Daneshvar, F., and G. Khajoei-Nejad. 2015. Study of bio-fertilizers application effects on yield potential and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars under different irrigation regimes. Iranian of Irrigation and Water Engineering. 4(16): 59-69. (In Persian).
Deltalab, B., H. Kazemi- Arbat, and B. Pasban-Eslam. 2011. The effect of sowing dates on yield, yield components and oil content of three spring safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under full irrigation regime in Tabriz. Journal of Crop and Weed Ecophysiology. 3(5): 11-24. (In Persian).
Dos Santos, J.I., T.R.B. Da Silva, F. Rogerio, R.F. Santos and D. Seco. 2013. Yield Response in crambe to potassium fertilizer. Industrial Crops and Products.43: 297-300.
Ferasat, M., N.A. Noorali, and M. Mirzakhani. 2012. Effect of drought stress on yield and yield component of spring safflower genotypes. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 10(2): 346-353. (In Persian).
Ghobadi, A.R., S. Poor Dad, and R. Rajabi. 2008. Effect of potassium fertilizer and chilling stress on some agronomic and morphologic traits in different genotypes of safflower. 10th Congress of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Science, 18 Aug, Tehran University campus Abureyhan . 416-420. (In Persian).
Hamayun, M., S. Afzal Khan, A. Latif khan, Z. Shinwari, N. Ahmad, and Y. Hakim. 2011. Effect of foliar and soil application of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium on yield components of lentil. Pakistan Journal of Botany. 43(1): 391 – 396.
Hatami, H., A. Ayine Band, M. Azizi, A. Soltani, and A.R. Dadkhah. 2010. Effect of potassium on growth and yield soybean cultivars in Northen Khorasan. Journal of Plant Ecophisiology. 2(2): 1-17. (In Persian).
Hatami, H., M. Aynehband, A.S. Azizi, and M. Khodabandeh. 2009. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of soybean in North Khorasan. Electronic Journal of Crop Production. 2(2): 25-42. (In Persian).
Jianwei, L., J. Zou, and F. Chen. 2007. Effect of phosphoru and potassium aplication on rapeseed yield and nutrients use efficiency. Proceeding of the 12th international Rapeseed Congress. Wuhan, China. Pp: 202-205
Khajepour, M.R, and P. Heydari Zade. 2007. Response of safflower genotype to planting date. Agriculture and Natural Resource Science and Technique Journal. 11(42): 69-80. (In Persian).
Khodamardi, M., M. Sarajooghi, and A.A. Mohammadi. 2015. Response of yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) on different levels of phosphorus under irrigation conditions. National Conference on Climate Change and Engineering Sustainable Agricultural and Natural Resources. Tehran. (In Persian).
Klaiselvan, P., K. Subrahmaniyan, and T.N. balasubranabian. 2002. Effect of split application of N and K on the growth, yield attributes and yield of seasame. Sesame and Safflower Newsletter. no. 17.
Kuepper, G. 2003. Foliar fertilization, The National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service. www.attra.ncat.org.
Lotfi, P., G. Mohammadi-Nejad, and P. Golkar. 2012. Evaluation of drought tolerance in different genotypes of the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of Agronomy Sciences. 5(7): 1-14. (In Persian).
Majd, B. 2003. The study of yield components and physiological characters of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in different season and planting density. 5th National Conference on New Ideas in Agriculture. Islamic Azad University Isfahan, Khorasgan. 5 pages. (In Persian).
Malakooti, M.J., H. Rezayi, and S. Salim Poor. 2000. Evaluation of different value and the time of potassium fertilizers application on Brassica napus. Soil and water Research abstracts. 600 pages. (In Persian).
Mirzakhani, M., and A.H. Omidi. 2008. Cold tolerance and grain yield compared to the cold spring and autumn cultivars of safflower in Farahan. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science. 5(3): 173-179 (In Persian).
Mirzapoor, M.H., A.H. Khoshgoftar., S.K. Mirnia., H.A. Bahrami and M.R. Naeni. 2001. Interaction of potassium and magnesium on growth and yield of sunflower in a saline soil. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 17(2): 136-147. (In Persian).
Mokhtari, A.R., A. Akbar Zade., H. Rahimi, and M.R Hagh Parast. 2009. Investigation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) yield in relation to stable values of nitrogen and phosphorus against different values of potassium. The First National Symposium Oil seeds, Gorgan, Iran. (In Persian).
More, S.D., D.S. Hangarge, and C.V. Raghavaiah. 2005 Evaluation of management technology and genotypes for optimiation of safflower, production under saline condition. Journal of Oilseed Research. 22: 86-89.
Morovati, E., M.A. Sahari, and M. Barzegar. 2010. Physicochemical properties of Iranian varieties/lines of safflower oil and seed as a rich source of ω-6. Iranian Journal of Medicinal Plants. 36(4): 145-154. (In Persian).
Mosavifar, A., M.E. Behdani, and M. Jami Al-ahmadi. 2009. Effect of drought stress on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of spring safflower seeds. Regional Symposium of Water Crisis and Drought. 4 November, Iran. 47-49 (In Persian).
Naderi Darbagh-Shahi, M.R., G. Noor Mohammadi, A. Majidi, F. Darvish, A.H. Shirani Rad, and H. Madani. 2004. Effects of drought estress and plant density on ecophysiological traits of three safflower lines in summer planting in Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Seed and Plant. 20:3. 281-296. (In Persian).
Odeleye, F.O., O.M.O. Odeleye, and M.O., Animashaun. 2007. Effects of nutrient foliar spray on soybean growth and yield (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in South West Nigeria. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 35(2): 1842-4309.
Omidi Tabrizi, A.H. 2002. Correlation between traits and path analysis for seed and oil yield in spring safflower. Journal of Plant and Seed. 18(2): 229-240.
Rahimi, M.M., and G. Noormohammadi. 2014. Assessment of the effect of different planting dates on quality and quantity yield of spring safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Iranian Journal of Plant Ecophysiology. 7:20. 59-67. (In Persian).
Roshdi, M., S. Rezadoost, J. Khaliliye mahale, and N. Haji Hasani. 2009. Effect of biological fertilizer on yield and yield components of sunflower cultivars. Journal of Agricultural Science. 3(10): 11-25. (In Persian).
Sadeghi, S., F. Shekari, R. Fotovat, and A. Zangani. 2010. The Effect of priming by salicylic acid on vigor and seedling growth of canola (Brassica napus) under water deficit condition. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology. 2 (6): 55-70. (In Persian).
Sakarvadia, H.L., K.B. Polara, K.B. Parmar, N.B. Babariya, and B.B. Kumjadia. 2009. Effect of potassium and zinc on growth, quality parameters and nutrient uptake by cotton. Asian Journal of Soil Science. 4(1): 24-26.
Salamati, M.S. 2013. Path analysis on seed yield components on Iranian Carthamus tinctorius L. genotypes. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi). 97: 105-111. (In Persian).
Salimi, G.H., F. Hamedi, and R. Rezayi Zangene. 2009. Effect of potassium and magnesium levels on quantitative characteristics of winter safflower. National Conference of Oilseeds. Isfahan University Technology. 3 pages. (In Persian).
Sepehr, A., and M.G. Malakooti. 2004. Effect of different value of potassium and magnesium on quantity and quality of sunflower. Water and Soil Science. 18(1): 29-36.
Shehu, H.E., J.D. Kwari, and M.K. Sandabe. 2010. Effects of N, P and K Fertilizers on yield, content and uptake of N, P and K by sesame (Sesamum indicum). International Journal of Agriculture Biology. 12(6): 845-850
Soleimanzadeh, H., D. Habibi, M. R. Ardakani, F. Paknejad, and F. Rejali. 2010. Response of sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) to drought stress under different potassium levels. World Applied Sciences Journal. 8(4): 443-448. (In Persian).
Taherkhani, M, and A. Golchin. 2006. The effects of nitrogen different rates on oil yield and seed quality and potassium and phosphorus uptake of winter canola, SLM046. Agroecology Journal. 2: 77-85.