Growth Index, Yield and Yield Components of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Cultivars Affected by Date and Method of Planting at Ahvaz Region
Subject Areas :
Journal of Crop Ecophysiology
Mehrnoosh Golabi
1
(Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran)
Shahram Lak
2
(Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran)
Abdolali Gilani
3
(1- Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2- Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Research, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources and Extension Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran.)
Mojtaba Alavi Fazel
4
(Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.)
Aslan Egdernezhad
5
(Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran)
Received: 2021-05-08
Accepted : 2021-07-03
Published : 2022-09-23
Keywords:
Grain yield,
Delayed sowing,
1000-seed weight,
Quinoa,
Transplantation,
Abstract :
The most important component compatible with climatic diversity in agriculture is the planting date, which has the greatest impact on the phenological characteristics of the plant. Planting date is determined based on cultivar and climate of each region. In order this study was conducted to investigate the effect of seed and transplanting method on yield and yield components of quinoa cultivars in different planting dates in Ahvaz climatic conditions. The experiment as a split split plot in a randomized complete block design with four replications in crop years 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. Planting date was taken as the main factor in four levels (22 October, 1 November, 11 November and 21 November) and sub factor including planting method (transplanting and seed planting) and sub-sub factor also Quinoa cultivars (Giza1, Q26 and Titicaca). The results showed that delay in planting date reduced growth index (22, 39 and 26% LAI, DM and CGR recpectively), days to flowering (21%) and grain yield components (number of panicles per plant (42%), number grain per panicle (26%) and 1000-grain weight (21%)), grain yield (63%) and harvest index (54%) in quinoa. The highest value of these traits was related to the date of first sowing (October 22) and it was also found that transplanting in early sowing date is weaker than seed sowing but in late sowing date is better than seed sowing and reduces the negative effects of late sowing. Among the studied cultivars, Q26 cultivar was more acceptable in terms of growth rate (LAI (4.87), DMT (637.3 g. m-2), CGR (18.58 g. m-2.day) and yield components (number of panicles per plant (9.72) and 1000-grain weight (4.81 g)) and grain yield (1813 kg. h-1) than the other two cultivars. The highest grain yield (3058 kg.ha-1) belonged to Q26 cultivar on 30 October planting and 22 October planting and seed sowing (3148 kg.ha-1) and the lowest grain yield (769 kg.ha-1) belonged to Titicaca cultivar on 11 and 21 November planting. In general, it was observed that the sowing date in early autumn was suitable for planting different cultivars of quinoa in Khuzestan province due to the longer growing season and Transplantation at this date of sowing did not have much advantage in terms of yield compared to seed sowing, but in the date of delayed sowing reduces the negative effects.
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Sepahvand, N.A., and F. Sheikh. 2011. Familiarity with the new quinoa plant. National Conference on Natural Products and Medicinal Plants. 4-5 Oct. Bojnourd. (In Persian).
Sepahvand, N.A., M. Tavazoa, and M. Kohbazi. 2010. Quinoa valuable plant for alimentary security and adaptation agricultural in Iran. 11th National Iranian Crop Science Congress. 24-26 Jul. Tehran. (In Persian)
Small, E. 2013. Quinoa is the United Nations’ featured crop of 2013 bad for biodiversity? Biodiversity. 14(3): 169-179.
Tahmasebi, S.Z., and M. Kordi. 2001. Evaluation of cotton transplanting in saline soils. 10th Australian Agronomy Conference, Australian Society of Agronomy. 2: 26-37.
Tavosi, M., and N.A. Sepahvand. 2014. Effect of planting date on yield and phenological and morphological characteristics of different genotypes of new quinoa in Khuzestan. The First International Congress and the 13th Iranian Genetics Congress, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/328023. (In Persian).
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Zareei Siahbidi, A., A. Rezaeizad, A. Asgari, and A.H. Shirani Rad. 2021. Evaluation of the response of spring canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to delay sowing dates. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 15(2): 251-264.
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Aalehi, M., and F. Dehghani. 2017. Quinoa: Pseudo-cereals suitable for saline water. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization. Amouzesh Keshavari Press. 32p. (In Persian).
Alvaro, F., J. Isidro, D. Villegas, and L.F. Garcia Del Moral. 2008. Breeding effects on grain filling, biomass partitioning, and remobilization in mediterranean durum wheat. Agronomy Journal. 100: 361-370.
Badran, M.S.S. 2001. Effect of transplanting and seedling age on grain yield and its components of some maize cultivars. Alexandria Journal Agriculture Research. 46)2(: 47–56.
Bagheri, M. 2018. Quinoa cultivation. Ministry of Agriculture Press. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)
Bakhshandeh, A.M., A. Shengari, M.H. Gharine, and Gh. Fathi. 2015. Effect of delay in planting and nitrogen levels on grain yield of morphological traits and chlorophyll index of rapeseed under weather conditions of Ahwaz. Journal Agriculture Research. 1: 69-73. (In Persian)
Bertero, H. 2003. Response of developmental processes to temperature and photoperiod in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Food Reviews International. 19: 87-97.
Carrotero, R., R.A. Serrago, M.O. Bancal, A.E. Perello, and D.J. Miralles. 2010. Absorbed radiotion and radiation use efficiency as effected by foliar diseases in relation to their vertical position into the canopy in wheat. Field Crops Research. 116: 184-195.
Chimenti, C.A., and A.S. Hall. 2002. Grain number responses to temperature during floret differentiation in sunflower. Field Crops Research. 72(3):177-184.
Dao, A., J. Alvar-Beltr, A. Gnanda, A. Guira, L. Nebie, and J. Sanou. 2020. Effect of different planting techniques and sowing density rates on the development of quinoa. African Journal Agriculture Research.16(9):1325-1333.
Ehteshami, M.R., A. Tehrani, and B. Samadi. 2015. Effect of planting date on some phenological, morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of five rapeseed cultivars. Applied Field Crops Research. 28(4): 111-120. (In Persian).
Estakhr, A., and R. Choukan. 2006. Effects of planting date and density of female parent B73 on hybrid seed production of KSC704 in Fars province. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal. 22(2):167-183. (In Persian).
Fathi, A., and F. Kardoni, 2020. The importance of quinoa (Quinoa Chenopodium) cultivation in developing countries: a review. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova. 3(183): 337-356
Garcia, M., B. Condori, and C.D. Castillo. 2015. Agroecological and agronomic cultural practices of quinoa in South America. In: Murphy, K., J. Matanguihan. (eds.), and Quinoa: Improvement and Sustainable Production. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp. 25-46
Gharineh, M.H., M. Bakhshandeh, B. Andarzian, and M. Shirali. 2019. Investigation of the effect of planting date and irrigation regimes on morphological characteristics and yield of Chenopodium quinova Willd. In Khuzestan climate. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 50(3):149-156. (In Persian).
Ghorbani, H., M. Barmaki, and Y. Khirizade. 2015. Study of potato mini-tube yield in direct cultivation and transplanting. Science Technology Greenhouse Cultivation. 6 (22): 121-132. (In Persian).
Hinojosa, L., J.B. Matanguihan, and K.M. Murphy. 2019. Effect of high temperature on pollen morphology, plant growth and seed yield in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 205: 33-45.
Hirich, A., R. ChoukrAllah, and S.E. Jacobsen. Quinoa in morocco effect of sowing dates on development and yield. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 200: 371-377.
Hossini, H., A. Rahmi-karizki, and A. Biaban. 2020. Evaluation of changes in physiological growth and yield indices of Chenopodium quinoa Willd under the influence of different planting dates. Journal of Crop Production. 3 (2):99-116. (In Persian)
Jafari, H. 2020. Investigation of cotton transplanting and pyramid cultivation in increasing water use efficiency (Case study of North Khorasan province). Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering.11(42): 224-237. (In Persian)
Jafari-Haghighi, B. 2009. A study on the relationship between grain yield and its components at suitable seed density in wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum ) using path analysis. Plant Ecophysiology. 1(2):14-25. (In Persian).
Javadi, H., M.H. Rashed Mohasel, Gh.R. Zamani, E. Azari Nasr Abadi, and R. Musavi. 2006. Effect of plant density on growth indices in four grain sorghum cultivars. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research. 4: 253-265. (In Persian).
Kirland, K.G., and E.N. Johnson. 2000. Alternative seeding dates affect Canola (Brassica napus) yield and quality. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 80(4): 713-719.
Lavini, A., C. Pulvento, R. Andria, M. Riccardi, R. Choukr-Allah, O. Belhabib, A. Yazar, C. Incekaya, S. Metin Sezen, M. Qadir, and S.E. Jacobsen. 2014. Quinoa’s potential in the mediterranean region. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science. 200: 344-360.
Ludvigson, K., J.P. Reganold, and K. Murphy. 2019. Sustainable intensification of quinoa production in peri-urban environments in western Washington state utilizing transplant vs. direct-seed methods. International Journal of Agriculture Natural Research. 46(2): 100-112.
Majidian, M. 2008. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, manure and water stress in agro systems during different growth stages on quantities and qualitative agronomic characteristics of corn (Zea mays) Ph.D. Thesis. Tarbiat Modaress University, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Morrison, M.J., and D.W. Stewart. 2002. Heat stress during flowering in summer Brassica. Crop 42: 797-803
Mustafa, T.A.N., and S. Temel. 2018. Performance of some quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) genotypes grown in different climate conditions. Turkish Journal of Field Crops. 23(2): 180-186
Nurse, R.E., K. Obeid, and E.R. Page. 2016. Optimal planting date, row width, and critical weed-free period for grain amaranth and quinoa grown in Ontario, Canadian Journal of Plant Science. 96: 360-366.
Saeidi, S., A. Siadat, A. Mushatati, M.R. Moradi Telavat, and N.A. Sepahvand. 2020. Effect of planting time and amount of nitrogen fertilizer on growth, grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of Chenopodium quinoa Willd in Ahvaz. Iranian Journal of Crop Science. 21(4):354-367. (In Persian).
Salehi, M., V. Soltani, and F. Dehghani. 2019. The effect of planting date on phenological stages and yield of quinoa seed (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) in saline conditions. Environmental Stresses Agriculture Science. 12(3): 923-932. (In Persian).
Samadzadeh, A.R., Gh. Zamani, and H.R. Falahi. 2020. Feasibility study of new quinoa production in climatic conditions of South Khorasan under the influence of planting date and planting density. Journal of Agriculture Applied Research. 33 (1):82-104. (In Persian).
Sepahvand, N.A., and F. Sheikh. 2011. Familiarity with the new quinoa plant. National Conference on Natural Products and Medicinal Plants. 4-5 Oct. Bojnourd. (In Persian).
Sepahvand, N.A., M. Tavazoa, and M. Kohbazi. 2010. Quinoa valuable plant for alimentary security and adaptation agricultural in Iran. 11th National Iranian Crop Science Congress. 24-26 Jul. Tehran. (In Persian)
Small, E. 2013. Quinoa is the United Nations’ featured crop of 2013 bad for biodiversity? Biodiversity. 14(3): 169-179.
Tahmasebi, S.Z., and M. Kordi. 2001. Evaluation of cotton transplanting in saline soils. 10th Australian Agronomy Conference, Australian Society of Agronomy. 2: 26-37.
Tavosi, M., and N.A. Sepahvand. 2014. Effect of planting date on yield and phenological and morphological characteristics of different genotypes of new quinoa in Khuzestan. The First International Congress and the 13th Iranian Genetics Congress, Tehran. https://civilica.com/doc/328023. (In Persian).
Weeden, B.R. 2000. Potential of sugar beet on the Atherton tableland. Rural industries research and Development Corporation. 102 p.
Zareei Siahbidi, A., A. Rezaeizad, A. Asgari, and A.H. Shirani Rad. 2021. Evaluation of the response of spring canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to delay sowing dates. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology. 15(2): 251-264.
