Removal of cadmium ion from zinc oxide in rubber industries by chemically bonded chlorosulfonylcalix[4]arene to silica
Subject Areas :ashkan bagheri chenari 1 , manochehr mamaghani 2 , mandana saber tehrani 3 , mohammad nikpasand 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری شیمی آلی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
2 - استاد شیمی آلی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران
3 - استادیار شیمی کاربردی، دانشکده شیمی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
4 - دانشیار شیمی آلی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
Keywords: Cadmium, Silica gel, Zinc Oxide, Rubber compound, Chlorosulfonylcalix[4]arene,
Abstract :
Zinc oxide is an important industrial material using in different industries, in particular rubber industries. This compound like the other industrial materials has amounts of impurities and then removal of those because of their undesirable influences on rubber compounds curing and environment, is taken into consideration. In this study, chemically bonded chlorosulfonylcalix[4]arene to silica gel was synthesized by using the methods in literature reports, afterwards it was used as an absorbent to remove cadmium ions from zinc oxide solution. The adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solution was investigated by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Sorption percentage and adsorption capacity were calculated by using the ions concentration in each level. The results showed that cadmium ions were removed from zinc oxide solution effectively by tetrachlorosulfonylcalix[4]arene-silica whilst silica gel without any reactive agent, could not remove the ions from the solution.
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[6] Hua, M.; Zhang, S.; Pan, B.; Zhang, W.; Lv, L.; Zhang, Q.; J. Hazard Mater. 211, 317-331, 2012.
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[18] Tabakci, M.; Ersoz, M.; Yilmaz, M.; J. Macromol. Sci, A. 43(1), 57-69, 2006.
[19] Tabakci, M.; Erdemir, S.; Yilmaz, M.; J. Hazard Mater. 148(1-2), 428-435, 2007.
[20] Tabakci, M.; Yilmaz, M.; Bioresour Technol. 99(14), 6642-6645, 2008.
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[26] Rubber compounding ingredients – zinc oxide – test methods, ISO Standard 9298, 1995,
[27] Standard test methods for analysis of white zinc pigments, ASTM Standard D 3280, 1985 (Reapproved 1994)
_||_[1] Kołodziejczak-Radzimska, A.; Jesionowski, T.; Materials 7(4), 2833-2881, 2014.
[2] Moezzi, A.; McDonagh, A.M.; Cortie, M.B. Chem. Eng. J. 185, 1-22, 2012.
[3] Bahnemann, D.W.; Kormann, C.; Hoffmann, M.R.; J. Phys. Chem. 91(14), 3789-3798, 1987.
[4] Sahoo, S.; Maiti, M.; Ganguly, A.; Jacob George, J.; J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 105(4), 2407-2415, 2007.
[5] Cotton, F.H.; Westhead, J.; Rubber Chem. Technol. 11(2), 331-347, 1938.
[6] Hua, M.; Zhang, S.; Pan, B.; Zhang, W.; Lv, L.; Zhang, Q.; J. Hazard Mater. 211, 317-331, 2012.
[7] Naiya, T.K.; Bhattacharya, A.K.; Das, S.K.; J. Colloid Interface Sci. 333(1), 14-26, 2009.
[8] Zhao, G.; Wu, X.; Tan, X.; Wang, X.; Open Colloid. Sci. J. 4(1), 19-31, 2010.
[9] Järup, L.; Berglund, M.; Elinder, C.G.; Nordberg, G.; Vanter, M.; Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 1-51, 1998.
[10] Pan, J.; Plant, J.A.; Voulvoulis, N.; Oates, C.J.; Ihlenfeld, C.; Environ Geochem Health 32(1), 1-12, 2010.
[11] Martin, S.; Griswold, W.; Environ. Sci. Technol. Briefs Citizens 15, 1-6, 2009.
[12] Järup, L.; Åkesson, A.; Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 238(3), 201-208, 2009.
[13] Ryan, J.A.; Pahren, H.R.; Lucas, J.B.; Environ Res, 28(2), 251-302, 1982.
[14] Huang, C.; Hu, B.; Spectrochimica Acta B. 63(3), 437-444, 2008.
[15] Yamato, T.; Haraguchi, M.; Nishikawa, J.I.; Ide, S.; J. Chem. Soc, Perkin Trans. 1(3), 609-614, 1998.
[16] Yordanov, A.T.; Whittlesey, B.R.; Roundhill, D.M.; Inorg. Chem. 37(14), 3526-3531, 1998.
[17] Matsumiya, H.; Masai, H.; Terazono, Y.; Iki, N.; Miyano, S.; Bull. Chem. Soc. of Jpn. 76(1), 133-136, 2003.
[18] Tabakci, M.; Ersoz, M.; Yilmaz, M.; J. Macromol. Sci, A. 43(1), 57-69, 2006.
[19] Tabakci, M.; Erdemir, S.; Yilmaz, M.; J. Hazard Mater. 148(1-2), 428-435, 2007.
[20] Tabakci, M.; Yilmaz, M.; Bioresour Technol. 99(14), 6642-6645, 2008.
[21] Konczyk, J.; Nowik-Zajac, A.; Kozlowski, C.A.; Sep. Sci. Technol. 51(14), 2394-2410, 2016.
[22] Kamboh, M.A.; Wan Ibrahim, W.A.; Rashidi Nodeh, H.; Zardari, L.A.; Sanagi, M.M.; Environ. Technol. 40(19), 2482-2493, 2019.
[23] Gutsche, C.D.; Iqbal, M.; Stewart, D.; J. Org. Chem. 51(5), 742-745, 1986.
[24] Coquière, D.; Cadeau, H.; Rondelez, Y.; Giorgi, M.; Reinaud, O.; J. Org. Chem. 71(11), 4059-4065, 2006.
[25] Taghvaei–Ganjali, S.; Zadmard, R.; Saber– Tehrani, M.; Appl. Surf. Sci. 258, 5925–5932, 2012.
[26] Rubber compounding ingredients – zinc oxide – test methods, ISO Standard 9298, 1995,
[27] Standard test methods for analysis of white zinc pigments, ASTM Standard D 3280, 1985 (Reapproved 1994)