Ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction based on a deep eutectic solvent for extraction carvedilol from plasma samples before determination by spectrofluorimetry method

Subject Areas :

Hassan Heidari ¹ (Associate Prof. of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran)
Zeynab Esmaeilzadeh ² (M.Sc. of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.)
Kazem Jamshidi Ghaleh ³ (Prof. of Physics, Department of Physics, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran)

Received: 2020-12-17 Accepted : 2020-12-17 Published : 2020-09-22

Keywords: Plasma, Central composite design, Deep eutectic solvent, Spectrofluorimetry, Carvedilol,

Abstract :

In this study, an ultrasound-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (UALLME) method based on the deep eutectic solvent (DES) was developed, for the first time, for extraction of carvedilol from plasma samples before analysis by spectrofluorimetry method. The DES was prepared by mixing the appropriate amount of the choline chloride and phenol in the ratio of 1:2. The prepared DES was used without any further purification for UALLME of carvedilol from plasma samples. The effects of some critical parameters including DES components ratio, salt addition, and kind of emulsifying solvent were studied and optimized by a one-at-a-time approach. A central composite design was used for efficient optimization of the rest of the main variables in the extraction procedure including pH, the volume of DES, the volume of THF, and ultrasonication time. The method showed excellent linearity (R2 = 0.9993) in the range of 15-1000 ng ml-1, under the optimal conditions. The extraction recovery of 93.2 % was obtained, and LOD and LOQ values were found 3.3 ng ml−1 and 9.8 ng ml−1, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of the drug in spiked human plasma samples where it gave relative recoveries of 91.7 % and 93.2 %.

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