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Manuscript ID : JACR-2209-2058 (R1) Visit : 207 Page: 83 - 95

10.30495/jacr.2022.1967655.2058

20.1001.1.17359937.1401.16.4.8.6

Article Type: Original Research

Optimization of electrofenton process in removal of lead and phenanthrene resistant to biodegradation from contaminated soils using response surface method

Subject Areas :

maloos tabatabaee 1 , Roya Mafi Gholami 2 * , mehdi borghei 3 , ali esrafily 4

1 - Department of Environment, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Water and Wastewater Environment, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Environmental Processes, Sharif University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Received: 2022-09-13 Accepted : 2022-11-26 Published : 2023-02-20

Keywords: Optimization, Lead, Phenanthrene, Electrofenton, Removal of contaminants from soil,

Abstract :

This study was performed to use the electrofenton process as an electrochemical oxidation process to remove lead and phenanthrene from soils around the oil refinery in south of Tehran. The reactor used (designed by SolidWorks software) was a discontinuous type with a useful volume of 500 ml and a graphene electrode as a cathode and an iron electrode as an anode (source of divalent iron ion production). The experiment was designed using the response surface methodology (RSM). Variable parameters were pH of the solution (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10), time of the reaction (12.5, 25.0, 37.5, 50.0 and 62.5 minutes), concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 %w/w), and direct electrical current (0.75, 1.50, 2.25, 3.00 and 3.75 A). The highest percentage of lead removal, 85.4%, obtained at pH of 8, H2O2 concentration of 2 %w/w, direct electrical current of 1.5 A, and time of 50 minutes. Also, the highest percentage of phenanthrene removal, 85.95%, obtained at pH of 6, H2O2 concentration of 1.5 %w/w, direct electrical current of 2.25 A, and the time of 37.5 minutes. The obtained results showed that the electrofenton process was able to remove lead and phenanthrene from the soil around the oil refinery. 

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_||_

  1. Nuralykyzy, B.; Wang, P.; Deng, X.; An, S.; Huang, Y.; Sustainability 13(21), 12020, 2021.
    2.
  2. Li, D.; Li R.; Ding Z.; Ruan X.; Luo J.; Chen J.; Chemosphere 241,125039, 2020.
    3.
  3. Rodrigues, S.M.; Römkens, P.F.; “Human health risks and soil pollution”, in: “Soil Pollution”, Chapter 9, Edited by Duarte, A.C.; Cachada, A.; Rocha-Santos, T.; Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2018.
    4.
  4. Budovich, L.S.; Caspian J Environ Sci 19(5),1009-15, 2021.
    5.
  5. Qayyum, S.; Meng, K.; Pervez, S.; Nawaz, F.; Peng, C.; Main Group Metal Chem 42(1), 1-7, 2019.
    6.
  6. Han, W.; Gao, G.; Geng, J.; Li, Y.; Wang, Y.; Chemosphere 197, 325-35, 2018
    7.
  7. Naseri, M.; Vazirzadeh, A.; Kazemi, R.; Zaheri, F.; Food Chem 175, 243-48, 2015.
    8.
  8. Warith, M.; Li, X.; Jin, H; Emirates J Engin Res 10(1), 1-14, 2005.
    9.
  9. Chen, M.; Xu, P.; Zeng, G.; Yang, C.; Huang, D.; Zhang, J.; Biotechnology Advances 33(6), 745-55, 2015.
    10.
  10. Atagana, H.I.; Afric J Biotechnol 8(21), 1-10, 2009.
    11.
  11. Babayigit, A.; Boyen, H.G.; Conings, B.; MRS Energy Sust 5, 1-12, 2018.
    12.
  12. Zhai, Y.; Chanana, A.; Baniya, S.; Zhang, C.; Nahata, A.; Vardeny, Z.V.; Nature Communications 8(1), 7-13, 2018.
    13.
  13. Zarindoost, M.; Badkoubi, A.; Ganji Doost, H.; Shariatmadari, N.; Modares Engineering Journal 23, 53-65, 2006.
    14.
  14. Tao, Y.; Brigante, M.; Zhang, H.; Mailhot, G.; Chemosphere 236, 124366-124372, 2019.
    15.
  15. Zhao, X.; Qin, L.; Gatheru, Waigi, M.; Cheng, P.; Yang, B.; Wang, J.; Catalysts 9(7), 619-629, 2019.
    16.
  16. Wu, B.; Guo, S; Zhang, L; Wang, S; Liu, D.;Cheng, Z.; Chemos 291, 132916, 2022.
    17.
  17. Hydernia, B.; Fatehabad, Z.; “Soil pollution standards in the world and Iran”, The fourth specialized conference and exhibition of environmental engineering in Tehran, 40-49, 2011.
    18.
  18. EPA-Cincinnati; “Process design manual for land application of municipal sludge”, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), USA, 1983.
    19.
  19. Ruiz, E.J.; Arias, C.; Brillas, E.; Hernández-Ramírez, A.; Peralta-Hernández, J.; M Chemos 82(4), 495-501, 2011.
    20.
  20. Erick, B.; Yung-Tse, H.; Ruth, Yu-Li, Y.; Water Res 3, 495-525. 2016
    21.
  21. Bagheri, A.; Moussavi, G.; Iran J Health Environ 5(2), 143-56, 2012.
    22.
  22. Britto, J.M.; Rangel, M.; Química Nova 31, 114-22, 2008.
    23.
  23. Masomboon, N.; Ratanatamskul, C.; Lu, M.; J Hazard Mate176(1-3), 92-98, 2010.
    24.
  24. Nidheesh, P.; Gandhimathi, R.; Desalination 299, 1-15, 2012.
    25.
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    26.
  26. Panizza, M.; Cerisola, G.; Water Research 43(2), 339-44, 2009.
    27.
  27. Nasrasfahani, K.; Farhadian, M.; Soleimani Nazar, A.; J Petrol Res 91, 56-45, 2016.
    28.
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    29.
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