Applying the concept of divine justice in the three holy books
Subject Areas : Theological and philosophical criticism of religious-Islamic subjects
1 - PhD in Philosophy, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
Keywords: Divine justice, Comparative studies, Abrahamic religions, Qur'an, Torah, Gospel, Interfaith dialogue,
Abstract :
This research examines the comparative concept of divine justice in the Qur'an, Torah, and Gospel. Divine justice, as one of the most fundamental concepts in Abrahamic religions, plays a key role in shaping the moral and spiritual perspectives of followers of these religions. In the Qur'an, divine justice is explained with emphasis on the measure of deeds and just retribution, while the Torah focuses on divine covenant and promise, and the Gospel centers on mercy and forgiveness. Using qualitative content analysis method, this study examines related verses and texts and shows that despite apparent differences, the concept of divine justice in all three books is based on common principles such as individual responsibility, reward and punishment, and divine mercy. The findings of this research indicate that a shared understanding of divine justice can provide a foundation for interfaith dialogue and strengthening mutual understanding.
منابع فارسی:
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English References:
Esack, F. (2018). Divine justice in the Qur'an: Comparative perspectives. Islamic Publications.
Goldberg, A. M. (2019). Justice and mercy in Biblical traditions. Cambridge University Press.
Marshall, D. (2020). Theodicy across Abrahamic traditions. Oxford University Press.
Rahman, F. (2017). Major themes of the Qur'an: Divine justice and human responsibility. University of Chicago Press.
Soulen, R. N., & Soulen, R. K. (2021). Handbook of Biblical criticism: Justice in sacred texts (4th ed.). Westminster John Knox Press.