Strategic Analysis of Rostam's Death in Shahnameh: A Game Theory Perspective
Subject Areas : Multimedia Processing, Communications Systems, Intelligent SystemsHadi Ziyaei 1 , Majid Eshaghi 2 *
1 - 1. PhD Student, Faculty of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
2 - 2. Professor, Faculty of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Keywords: Game theory, taking disadvantage, hegemonic games, Ferdowsi shahname.,
Abstract :
In this paper, a strategic analysis for the killing of Rostam in Shahnameh is presented with the approach of game theory. At first glance, the strategy of Hakim Ferdowsi is extracted, who doesn't want to give a free ride to the poets of future centuries after Rostam was killed in Shahnameh. The Ferdowsi and future poets game is a static and strict sequential game that is modeled using the 2x2 game theory atlas table. On the other hand, the game of Shoghad and Rostam using the strategic game model, after designing the strategies of the players, their earnings It has been calculated and analyzed in different situations according to the game environment. This 2x2 game is one of the static and strict sequential games It is hegemony. According to the table of this game, player p1 (Shaghad) who uses the conditions of the game to deceive player p2 (Rostam) and the game implemented in order to achieve his desire. One of the most important results of this article is to prove the deep thinking of Ferdowsi's strategic thinking, which as a strategist, it has been discussed and reviewed.
[1]. J. B. Kodehi, and M. T. Sharabyan, “Provide a new approach to identify and detect credit card fraud using ANN-ICA”, Intelligent Multimedia Processing and Communication Systems (IMPCS), Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 51-62, 2022. [Persian]
[2]. M. Nazarpour, N. Nezafati, and S. Shokouhyar, “Using the Modified Colonial Competition Algorithm to Increase the Speed and Accuracy of the Intelligent Intrusion Detection System”, Intelligent Multimedia Processing and Communication Systems (IMPCS), Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 1-10, 2024. [Persian]
[3]. J. von Neumann and O. Morgenstern, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1944.
[4]. A. E. Roth, T. Sonmez and M. U. Unver, "Kidney exchange," Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 119, pp. 457-488, 2004.
[5]. A. E. Roth, T. Sonmez and M. U. Unver, "Pairwise kidney exchange," Journal of Economic Theory, vol. 125, pp. 151-188, 2005.
[6]. J. Gallien, "Dynamic mechanism design for online commerce," OR, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 291-310, 2006.
[7]. M. U. Unver, "Dynamic kidney exchange," The Review of Economic Studies, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 372-414, 2010.
[8]. M. Akbarpour, S. Li and S. O. Gharan, "Dynamic matching market design," arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.3643, 2014.
[9]. H. G. Eggleston, "Convexity," CUP Archive, no. 47, 1958.
[10]. W. Fenchel, "A remark on convex sets and polarity," Communications du Séminaire Mathématique de l’Université de Lund, Supplement, pp. 82-89, 1952.
[11]. M. Hausner, "Multidimensional utilities," Decision Processes, pp. 167-180, 1954.
[12]. I. N. Herstein and J. Milnor, "An axiomatic approach to measurable utility," Econometrica, Journal of the Econometric Society, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 291-297, 1953.
[13]. R. D. Luce and H. Raiffa, Games & Decisions, John Willey & Sons. Inc., New York, 1957.
[14]. J.F. Nash, "Non-cooperative games," Annals of mathematics, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 286-295, 1951.
[15]. https://books.google.com/ books/ about/ Game_theory_and_the_Humanities.
[16]. Jane Austen, IMDb Official Page, http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000807
[17]. M. S. Y. Chwe, Jane Austen, Game Theorist, Princeton University Press, 2014.
[18]. P. Kumar, V. S. Erturk and M. Murillo-Arcila, "A complex fractional mathematical modeling for the love story of Layla and Majnun," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, vol. 150, p. 111091, 2021.
[19]. H. Ziyaee and M. E. Gordji, "Game theory and its application to Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh," Russian Law Journal, vol. 11, no. 6, 2023.
[20]. https:/www.mdpi.com/2073-4336/6/4/495.
[21]. A. Becevich, Empire: the Real and Consequences of U.S. Diplomacy, Cambridge Harvard University Press, 2002.
[22]. D. Callco, Beyond American Hegemony: The Future of the Western Alliance, New York: Basic Books, 1987.
[23]. A. Gramsci, "Hegemony, intellectuals and the state," Cultural theory and popular culture: A reader, vol. 2, 2009, pp. 210-216.
[24]. G. A. Akerlof and R. E. Kranton, "Economics and identity," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 715-753, 2000.
[25]. M. Bernard, F. Hett and M. Mechtel, "Social identity and social free-riding," European Economic Review, vol. 90, pp. 4-17, 2016.
[26]. P. Fontaine, "Free riding," Journal of the History of Economic Thought, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 359-376, 2014.
[27]. G. Hardin, "The tragedy of the commons," Science, vol. 13, no. 162, pp.1243-1248, 1968.
[28]. R. E. Lucas Jr, "Human capital and growth," The American Economic Review, vol. 105, no. 5, pp. 85-88, 2015.
[29]. M. Olson, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965.
[30]. D. G. Rand, G. E. Newman and O. M. Wurzbacher, "Social context and the dynamics of cooperative choice," Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, vol. 28, no. 2, pp.159-166, 2015.
[31]. M. Battaglini, S. Nunnari and T. Palfrey, "The free rider problem: a dynamic analysis," National Bureau of Economic Research, no. w17926, 2012.
[32]. T. Furusawa and H. Konishi, "Contributing or free‐riding? Voluntary Participation in a Public Good Economy," Theoretical Economics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 219-256, 2011.
[33]. J. N. Webb, Game Theory; Decision, Interaction and Evolution, London: Springer, 2007.
[34]. E. C. Pasour Jr, "The free rider as a basis for government intervention," The Journal of Libertarian Studies, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 453-464, 1981.
[35]. B. Aminian, America and NATO; Reliability and Expansion of NATO and American Hegemony, Tehran, Imam Hossein University (AS), Institute of Printing and Publishing, 2007.
[36]. J. Eikenberry J., The Only Superpower (US Hegemony in the 21st Century), second edition, Translated by Azim Fazlipour, Tehran Institute of Contemporary International Studies and Research, 2003. [Persian]
[37]. T. Eagleton, An Introduction to Ideology, translated by Akbar Masoum Beigi, Tehran, Age Publishing House, 2011. [Persian]
[38]. J. W. Bertens, Literary Theory, Translated by Farzan Sajjodi, Tehran: Ahang-e Digar Publication, 2003. [Persian]
[39]. J. S. Levy, "Conflicting theories of international conflict: a level of analysis Approach," translated by Pirouz Yazidi, Journal of Defense Policy, vol. 6, no. 23 and 24, 1377. [Persian]
[40]. B. Tobias, Neoconservatism, Translated by A. Bahar, Institutes of Thought, and New Imperialism, 2007. [Persian]
[41]. H. Dehshiyar, "America from a defensive strategy to an offensive strategy," Political and International Approaches Quarterly, no. 8, 2006. [Persian]
[42]. M. R. Dehshiri, "A comparative study of the security strategy of the United States and the European Union in the Persian Gulf after September 11," Journal of Defense Policy, vol. 12, no. 48, 2013. [Persian]
[43]. A. Pour Qayyumi, "Examining the concept of hegemony; with an emphasis on American hegemony," Defense Policy Magazine, vol. 17, no.67, 2018. [Persian]
[44]. Z. Hamedi Shirvan and S.M. Zarghani, Analysis of the story of Rostam and Shoghad based on van Dyck's ideological square, Kavosh Nameh, vol. 15, no. 28, 2013. [Persian]
[45]. R. Bagheri and F. Majidi, "Structural analysis of the story of Rostam and Shoghad," 5th Persian Language and Literature Research Conference, 2010. [Persian]
[46]. U. Jalali, Z. Nasrollahi and M. Hatefi, "Experimental investigation of the effect of moral intelligence on free riding: a dynamic game approach with complete information," Economic Modeling Quarterly, vol. 12, no. 2, 2017. [Persian]
[47]. E. Ebadi and G. Abdoli, "Free ride distribution by a powerful player in a network structure," Economic Research, vol. 50, 2014. [Persian]
[48]. S.M. Dabir Siyaghi, Translation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh into Prose, Gatreh Publication, 2023. [Persian]
[49]. A. Sahami, Diplomacy in the Shahnameh, a Study of International Relations and Diplomatic Etiquette in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Publisher: Fasleh Panjom, 2018. [Persian]
[50]. M. A. Riahi, The sources of Ferdowsi Science, Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 2017. [Persian]