Identifying problems, solutions and factors affecting the success of the new product development process management
Subject Areas :
Industrial Management
hooman keshavarzi
1
,
sayed javad iranban
2
,
moqaddaseh mohammadian
3
1 - PhD student, Department of Management, Qeshm Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qeshm, Iran
2 - Department of Industrial Management, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
3 - Department of Management, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
Received: 2022-10-18
Accepted : 2023-01-23
Published : 2022-10-23
Keywords:
reasons for the success of product development,
Solutions,
product development,
problems,
Abstract :
In today's rapidly changing technological and competitive world, companies need to develop new products so that they can compete in domestic and global markets by increasing their competitive advantage. In this regard, one of the challenges faced by companies is the development of a new product according to the current conditions, considering the limited resources. To help solve the above problem, by conducting extensive library studies, effective steps and factors in product development management were identified. Also, were investigated the identification problems, solutions and factors affecting the success of the product development process. The findings of the research show the problems and solutions in the process of new product development in the stag-es of new product strategy, idea generation and idea screening, product concept development and its testing, commercial testing, and launching and introducing the product to the market. Also, the findings showed that the effective factors in the success of new product development include new product innovation, market share, sales, and the reali-zation of product functional goals, effectiveness and financial performance, profitability and success of the final product, internal and external criteria of the company, speed of presentation to the market , performance in the market, and customer satisfaction.
References:
Ardakani,S.S., Zare Ahmadabadi,H., Taleifar,R& Hatami Nasab,S.H.(2010). Analyzing the Factors Influencing the Success of New Product Development Process in Small-Medium Enterprises of Selected Food and Drink Industries of Fars Province. Quartery Journal of Production and OperationsManagement, 1(1), 53-70.(inpersian). https://www.doi.org/10.22034/jmi.2021.279354.2527
Buggie, F. D. (2002). Managers at Work: Set the “Fuzzy Front End” in Concrete. Research-Technology Management, 45(4), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2002.11671506
Barclay, I., Dann, Z. & Holroyd, P.(2000). New Product Development: A Practical Workbook for Improving Performance. CRC Press.
Bidgoli, S.D., Oleya, M.S., Isaee, M.T. & Aboye, M.H. (2020). Modeling the impact of customer knowledge on new product development and company performance with a system dynamics approach. Information processing and management research paper.36(1),155-180.(in persian).
Barlas, S., & Johansson, S. (2018). Management and leadership within the FFE: Management-and leadership effects on time efficacy within the Fuzzy Front End of the New Product Development process.
Biswas, S., Ali, I., Chakrabortty, R. K., Turan, H. H., Elsawah, S., & Ryan, M. J. (2022). Dynamic modeling for product family evolution combined with artificial neural network based forecasting model: A study of iPhone evolution. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 178, 121549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121549
Booz, Allen & Hamilton. (1982). New products management for the 1980s. Booz, Allen & Hamilton.
Bessant, J.B & Fransis,D. (1997). Implementing the new product development process.Technovation, 17:189-197.
Costa, M. F. (2007). A model for the development of new product. REGES, 2, 138- 149.
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications.
Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (1995). Benchmarking the firm's critical success factors in new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management: An International Publication of the Product Development & Management Association, 12(5), 374-391.
Cooper, R. G. (2000). Doing it right. Ivey Business Journal, 64(6), 54-60.
Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (2010). New product processes at leading industrial firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 20(2), 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-8501(91)90032-B
Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative sociology, 13(1), 3-21 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00988593
Chang, W. (2019). The joint effects of customer participation in various new product development stages. European Management Journal, 37(3), 259-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2018.11.002
Calantone, R. J., & Di Benedetto, C. A. (1988). An integrative model of the new product development process: An empirical validation. Journal of Product Innovation Management: An international publication of the product development & management association, 5(3), 201-215. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.530201
Carson, M.A.(2012). Antecedents of effective leadership :the relationships between social skills, transformational leadership, leader effectiveness, and trust in the leader. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Charlotte University.
Kandemir, D., Calantone, R., & Garcia, R. (2006). An exploration of organizational factors in new product development success. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620610681605
Etebari, M., Naderibeni, M., Alhosseini Almodarresi, S. M., & Sadeqi, H. (2021). Analysis of the Moderating Role of Time Style Congruity on the Relationship between Customers Participation and New Product Development (NPD) Time in the Industrial Marketing Context. New Marketing Research Journal, 11(2), 198-169. (in Persian).
Ernst, H. (2002). Success factors of new product development: a review of the empirical literature. International journal of management reviews, 4(1), 1-40.
Esbati, H., Radfar,R., Tabatabaeian,S.H.,& Tolouei Ashlaghi,A.(2021). The Effect of Structural Factors of the Country's Space Industry on the NPD. Quartery Journal of Management improvement scientific research,15(2):31-66.(in persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/jmi.2021.279354.2527
Gupta, A. K., & Wilemon, D. L. (1990). Accelerating the development of technology-based new products. California management review, 32(2), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.2307%2F41166603
Golder, P. N., & Mitra, D. (2018). New product development research: consolidating the present and guiding the future. In Handbook of Research on New Product Development. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hoffman, D. L., Kopalle, P. K., & Novak, T. (2010). The'Right'Consumers for Better Concepts: Identifying and Using Consumers High in Emergent Nature to Further Develop New Product Concepts. Journal of Marketing Research, Forthcoming, Tuck School of Business Working Paper, (2010-81). https://ssrn.com/abstract=1602043
Ho-Dac, N. N. (2020). The value of online user generated content in product development. Journal of Business Research, 112, 136-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.02.030
Kamalirad, E. & Hashemi,S.R. (2022). Investigating the Impact of Organizational Strategy on Life Insurance Demand (Case Study: Bushehr Insurance Companies). Quarterly Journal of Management studies and business development,2(1):29-44.(in Persian). https://doi.org/10.30495/msds.2022.1948155.1026
Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (1980). Principles of Marketing. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Kester, L., Hultink, E. J. & Griffin, A. (2014). An empirical investigation of the antecedents and outcomes of NPD portfolio success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(6), 1199- 1213. Vol. 31, Issu. 6, PP.1199-1213.https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12183
Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing management, Prentice Hall, Upper suddle River
Kahn, K.B.(1996).International integration: A definition with implication for product development performance. Journal of product Innovation management,13:137-151
Lester, D. H. (1998). Critical success factors for new product development. Research-Technology Management, 41(1), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.1998.11671182
Lamratanakul, S., Patanakul, P., & Milosevic, D. ( 2008). Innovation and factors affecting the success of new product development products: Literature exploration and descriptions, un khnown.
Morgan, T., Obal, M., & Anokhin, S. (2018). Customer participation and new product performance: Towards the understanding of the mechanisms and key contingencies. Research Policy, 47(2), 498-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.01.005
Martín, M. V. (2021). Communicating new product development openness–The impact on consumer perceptions and intentions. European Management Journal, 39(6), 802-815.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.01.004
Morgan, T., Anokhin, S. A., & Wincent, J. (2019). Influence of market orientation on performance: the moderating roles of customer participation breadth and depth in new product development. Industry and Innovation, 26(9), 1103-1120. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2019.1566053
Mirzazadeh, A., & Zeraatkar, M. (2022). A Model for Critical Success Factors in New Automotive Product Development Processes with DFX Approach. Quarterly journal of Industrial Technology Development, 20(49), 79-92. doi:10.22034/jtd.2022.252584
Moon, H., Johnson, J. L., Mariadoss, B. J., & Cullen, J. B. (2018). Supplier and customer involvement in new product development stages: implications for new product innovation outcomes. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 15(01), 1850004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877018500049
Ma, C., Yang, Z., Yao, Z., Fisher, G., & Fang, E. E. (2012). The effect of strategic alliance resource accumulation and process characteristics on new product success: Exploration of international high-tech strategic alliances in China. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(3), 469-480.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.04.001
Nambisan, S., & Baron, R. A. (2009). Virtual customer environments: testing a model of voluntary participation in value co‐creation activities. Journal of product innovation management, 26(4), 388-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2009.00667.x
Niu, B., Dong, J., Dai, Z., & Liu, Y. (2022). Sales data sharing to improve product development efficiency in cross-border e-commerce. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 51, 101112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101112
Ostrom, A. L., Bitner, M. J., Brown, S. W., Burkhard, K. A., Goul, M., Smith-Daniels, V., ... & Rabinovich, E. (2010). Moving forward and making a difference: research priorities for the science of service. Journal of service research, 13(1), 4-36.
Roosta,a.,venous,D.,&Ebrahimi,A.(2016). Marketing Management.samt.(inpersian)
Rautela, S., & Virani, S. (2019). Leveraging social media for customer participation in new product development-a conceptual framework. Annual Research Journal of Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, 7(1), 15-27. https://www.sciencegate.app/app/redirect
Rautela, S., Sharma, S., & Virani, S. (2020). Influence of customer participation in new product development: the moderating role of social media. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2020-0241
Smith, P. G., & Reinertsen, D. G. (1992). Shortening the product development cycle. Research-Technology Management, 35(3), 44-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.1992.11670822
Schulte, J., & Knuts, S. (2022). Sustainability impact and effects analysis-A risk management tool for sustainable product development. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 30, 737-751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.01.004
Shi, Y., Zou, B., Guo, J., & Ji, P. (2022). Time pacing of product development: The influence of goal clarity and autonomy. Technology in Society, 68, 101897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101897
Xiao, S. S., Lew, Y. K., & Park, B. I. (2021). International new product development performance, entrepreneurial capability, and network in high-tech ventures. Journal of business research, 124, 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.048
Smith, P. G., & Reinertsen, D. G. (1998). Developing products in half the time: new rules, new tools. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Thomas, E. (2013). Supplier integration in new product development: Computer mediated communication, knowledge exchange and buyer performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(6), 890-899.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.05.018
Tajarloo, A., Ansari, M., Divandari, A., & Keimasi, M. (2022). Designing a Framework of New Product Development for Digital Banking: A Case study of Bank Mellat. Industrial Management Journal, 13(4), 559-579.
Varl, M., Duhovnik, J., & Tavčar, J. (2022). Customized product development supported by integrated information. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 25, 100248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2021.100248
Wang, L., Jin, J. L., Zhou, K. Z., Li, C. B., & Yin, E. (2020). Does customer participation hurt new product development performance? Customer role, product newness, and conflict. Journal of Business Research, 109, 246-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.12.013
Weeth, A., Prigge, J. K., & Homburg, C. (2020). The role of departmental thought worlds in shaping escalation of commitment in new product development projects. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 37(1), 48-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12512
Wheelwright, S. C., & Clark, K. B. (1992). Revolutionizing product development: quantum leaps in speed, efficiency, and quality. Simon and Schuster.
Zhang, J., & Zhu, M. (2019). When can B2B firms improve product innovation capability (PIC) through customer participation (CP)? The moderating role of inter-organizational relationships?. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing.https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-09-2016-0214
Zhang, M., & Tseng, M. M. (2007). A product and process modeling based approach to study cost implications of product variety in mass customization. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 54, 130-144. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2006.889072
Zirger, B.J. & Maidique, M.A. (2010). A study of success and failure in product innovation. IEEE Transaction on Enginering Management, 31(4), 192-203.
_||_
Ardakani,S.S., Zare Ahmadabadi,H., Taleifar,R& Hatami Nasab,S.H.(2010). Analyzing the Factors Influencing the Success of New Product Development Process in Small-Medium Enterprises of Selected Food and Drink Industries of Fars Province. Quartery Journal of Production and OperationsManagement, 1(1), 53-70.(inpersian). https://www.doi.org/10.22034/jmi.2021.279354.2527
Buggie, F. D. (2002). Managers at Work: Set the “Fuzzy Front End” in Concrete. Research-Technology Management, 45(4), 11-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2002.11671506
Barclay, I., Dann, Z. & Holroyd, P.(2000). New Product Development: A Practical Workbook for Improving Performance. CRC Press.
Bidgoli, S.D., Oleya, M.S., Isaee, M.T. & Aboye, M.H. (2020). Modeling the impact of customer knowledge on new product development and company performance with a system dynamics approach. Information processing and management research paper.36(1),155-180.(in persian).
Barlas, S., & Johansson, S. (2018). Management and leadership within the FFE: Management-and leadership effects on time efficacy within the Fuzzy Front End of the New Product Development process.
Biswas, S., Ali, I., Chakrabortty, R. K., Turan, H. H., Elsawah, S., & Ryan, M. J. (2022). Dynamic modeling for product family evolution combined with artificial neural network based forecasting model: A study of iPhone evolution. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 178, 121549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121549
Booz, Allen & Hamilton. (1982). New products management for the 1980s. Booz, Allen & Hamilton.
Bessant, J.B & Fransis,D. (1997). Implementing the new product development process.Technovation, 17:189-197.
Costa, M. F. (2007). A model for the development of new product. REGES, 2, 138- 149.
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications.
Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (1995). Benchmarking the firm's critical success factors in new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management: An International Publication of the Product Development & Management Association, 12(5), 374-391.
Cooper, R. G. (2000). Doing it right. Ivey Business Journal, 64(6), 54-60.
Cooper, R. G., & Kleinschmidt, E. J. (2010). New product processes at leading industrial firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 20(2), 137-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-8501(91)90032-B
Corbin, J. M., & Strauss, A. (1990). Grounded theory research: Procedures, canons, and evaluative criteria. Qualitative sociology, 13(1), 3-21 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00988593
Chang, W. (2019). The joint effects of customer participation in various new product development stages. European Management Journal, 37(3), 259-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2018.11.002
Calantone, R. J., & Di Benedetto, C. A. (1988). An integrative model of the new product development process: An empirical validation. Journal of Product Innovation Management: An international publication of the product development & management association, 5(3), 201-215. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5885.530201
Carson, M.A.(2012). Antecedents of effective leadership :the relationships between social skills, transformational leadership, leader effectiveness, and trust in the leader. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Charlotte University.
Kandemir, D., Calantone, R., & Garcia, R. (2006). An exploration of organizational factors in new product development success. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620610681605
Etebari, M., Naderibeni, M., Alhosseini Almodarresi, S. M., & Sadeqi, H. (2021). Analysis of the Moderating Role of Time Style Congruity on the Relationship between Customers Participation and New Product Development (NPD) Time in the Industrial Marketing Context. New Marketing Research Journal, 11(2), 198-169. (in Persian).
Ernst, H. (2002). Success factors of new product development: a review of the empirical literature. International journal of management reviews, 4(1), 1-40.
Esbati, H., Radfar,R., Tabatabaeian,S.H.,& Tolouei Ashlaghi,A.(2021). The Effect of Structural Factors of the Country's Space Industry on the NPD. Quartery Journal of Management improvement scientific research,15(2):31-66.(in persian). https://doi.org/10.22034/jmi.2021.279354.2527
Gupta, A. K., & Wilemon, D. L. (1990). Accelerating the development of technology-based new products. California management review, 32(2), 24-44. https://doi.org/10.2307%2F41166603
Golder, P. N., & Mitra, D. (2018). New product development research: consolidating the present and guiding the future. In Handbook of Research on New Product Development. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hoffman, D. L., Kopalle, P. K., & Novak, T. (2010). The'Right'Consumers for Better Concepts: Identifying and Using Consumers High in Emergent Nature to Further Develop New Product Concepts. Journal of Marketing Research, Forthcoming, Tuck School of Business Working Paper, (2010-81). https://ssrn.com/abstract=1602043
Ho-Dac, N. N. (2020). The value of online user generated content in product development. Journal of Business Research, 112, 136-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.02.030
Kamalirad, E. & Hashemi,S.R. (2022). Investigating the Impact of Organizational Strategy on Life Insurance Demand (Case Study: Bushehr Insurance Companies). Quarterly Journal of Management studies and business development,2(1):29-44.(in Persian). https://doi.org/10.30495/msds.2022.1948155.1026
Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (1980). Principles of Marketing. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Kester, L., Hultink, E. J. & Griffin, A. (2014). An empirical investigation of the antecedents and outcomes of NPD portfolio success. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 31(6), 1199- 1213. Vol. 31, Issu. 6, PP.1199-1213.https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12183
Kotler, P. (2000). Marketing management, Prentice Hall, Upper suddle River
Kahn, K.B.(1996).International integration: A definition with implication for product development performance. Journal of product Innovation management,13:137-151
Lester, D. H. (1998). Critical success factors for new product development. Research-Technology Management, 41(1), 36-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.1998.11671182
Lamratanakul, S., Patanakul, P., & Milosevic, D. ( 2008). Innovation and factors affecting the success of new product development products: Literature exploration and descriptions, un khnown.
Morgan, T., Obal, M., & Anokhin, S. (2018). Customer participation and new product performance: Towards the understanding of the mechanisms and key contingencies. Research Policy, 47(2), 498-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2018.01.005
Martín, M. V. (2021). Communicating new product development openness–The impact on consumer perceptions and intentions. European Management Journal, 39(6), 802-815.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.01.004
Morgan, T., Anokhin, S. A., & Wincent, J. (2019). Influence of market orientation on performance: the moderating roles of customer participation breadth and depth in new product development. Industry and Innovation, 26(9), 1103-1120. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2019.1566053
Mirzazadeh, A., & Zeraatkar, M. (2022). A Model for Critical Success Factors in New Automotive Product Development Processes with DFX Approach. Quarterly journal of Industrial Technology Development, 20(49), 79-92. doi:10.22034/jtd.2022.252584
Moon, H., Johnson, J. L., Mariadoss, B. J., & Cullen, J. B. (2018). Supplier and customer involvement in new product development stages: implications for new product innovation outcomes. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 15(01), 1850004. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219877018500049
Ma, C., Yang, Z., Yao, Z., Fisher, G., & Fang, E. E. (2012). The effect of strategic alliance resource accumulation and process characteristics on new product success: Exploration of international high-tech strategic alliances in China. Industrial Marketing Management, 41(3), 469-480.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2011.04.001
Nambisan, S., & Baron, R. A. (2009). Virtual customer environments: testing a model of voluntary participation in value co‐creation activities. Journal of product innovation management, 26(4), 388-406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2009.00667.x
Niu, B., Dong, J., Dai, Z., & Liu, Y. (2022). Sales data sharing to improve product development efficiency in cross-border e-commerce. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 51, 101112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2021.101112
Ostrom, A. L., Bitner, M. J., Brown, S. W., Burkhard, K. A., Goul, M., Smith-Daniels, V., ... & Rabinovich, E. (2010). Moving forward and making a difference: research priorities for the science of service. Journal of service research, 13(1), 4-36.
Roosta,a.,venous,D.,&Ebrahimi,A.(2016). Marketing Management.samt.(inpersian)
Rautela, S., & Virani, S. (2019). Leveraging social media for customer participation in new product development-a conceptual framework. Annual Research Journal of Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies, 7(1), 15-27. https://www.sciencegate.app/app/redirect
Rautela, S., Sharma, S., & Virani, S. (2020). Influence of customer participation in new product development: the moderating role of social media. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management.https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-05-2020-0241
Smith, P. G., & Reinertsen, D. G. (1992). Shortening the product development cycle. Research-Technology Management, 35(3), 44-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.1992.11670822
Schulte, J., & Knuts, S. (2022). Sustainability impact and effects analysis-A risk management tool for sustainable product development. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 30, 737-751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.01.004
Shi, Y., Zou, B., Guo, J., & Ji, P. (2022). Time pacing of product development: The influence of goal clarity and autonomy. Technology in Society, 68, 101897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101897
Xiao, S. S., Lew, Y. K., & Park, B. I. (2021). International new product development performance, entrepreneurial capability, and network in high-tech ventures. Journal of business research, 124, 38-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.11.048
Smith, P. G., & Reinertsen, D. G. (1998). Developing products in half the time: new rules, new tools. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Thomas, E. (2013). Supplier integration in new product development: Computer mediated communication, knowledge exchange and buyer performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(6), 890-899.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.05.018
Tajarloo, A., Ansari, M., Divandari, A., & Keimasi, M. (2022). Designing a Framework of New Product Development for Digital Banking: A Case study of Bank Mellat. Industrial Management Journal, 13(4), 559-579.
Varl, M., Duhovnik, J., & Tavčar, J. (2022). Customized product development supported by integrated information. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 25, 100248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2021.100248
Wang, L., Jin, J. L., Zhou, K. Z., Li, C. B., & Yin, E. (2020). Does customer participation hurt new product development performance? Customer role, product newness, and conflict. Journal of Business Research, 109, 246-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.12.013
Weeth, A., Prigge, J. K., & Homburg, C. (2020). The role of departmental thought worlds in shaping escalation of commitment in new product development projects. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 37(1), 48-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12512
Wheelwright, S. C., & Clark, K. B. (1992). Revolutionizing product development: quantum leaps in speed, efficiency, and quality. Simon and Schuster.
Zhang, J., & Zhu, M. (2019). When can B2B firms improve product innovation capability (PIC) through customer participation (CP)? The moderating role of inter-organizational relationships?. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing.https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-09-2016-0214
Zhang, M., & Tseng, M. M. (2007). A product and process modeling based approach to study cost implications of product variety in mass customization. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 54, 130-144. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2006.889072
Zirger, B.J. & Maidique, M.A. (2010). A study of success and failure in product innovation. IEEE Transaction on Enginering Management, 31(4), 192-203.