Official Rights of Judges of Justice and Rule of Prohibition of Receiving Fees for Obligations
Subject Areas : Private lawAbdol Reza Mohammad Hosseinzadeh 1 , Hojat Azizollahi 2 , Mohammad Reza Rezvan Talab 3
1 - دانشیار حقوق و الهیات، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران
2 - Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Jurisprudence & Principles of Law, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Associate Professor, Department of Theology, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: judge, Fee, Earning a living, Public property, Fee for obligations,
Abstract :
One of positions with high social significance is judgeship which is considered as reference of obviating conflicts between people. In Islam religion, commissioning this position is obligatory for those who are competent. It is well known among jurisconsults that receiving fee for obligations is unlawful. For proving this illegality, Quran Ayahs have been adduced that citing them is not sufficient. Along with these ayahs, some traditions have been mentioned on remonstration of fee for judges who have introduced it hard and illegal, that these traditions may be considered warden on the judges who are appointed by oppressor sultan. In contrast, some for ordering the license of receiving fee for obligations have adduced reasons such as respecting Muslims action and predicating return reasons and invalidity of prohibition reasons which seem defendable. But since the current duty of judges of justice according to law is merely accommodating the claims with legal clauses, they could be called legal expert not legal judge, so in judicial aspect, receiving fee by them is treated permissible. The present study investigates these topics and concludes that receiving fee for judgment has no judicial barrier.
_||_
Abo Al-Salah Halabi, T. A. (1983). Qafi Al-fiqh. Esfahan: Public Library of Imam Amir Al-Momenin.
Allame Helli, H. Y. (1991). Montahi Al-Motaleb fi Tahqiq Al-Mazhab. Mashhad: Majma Al- Bohous Al-Eslamia.
Allame Helli, H. Y. (1992). Mokhtalef Al-Shiat fi Ahkam Al-Shariat. Qom: Islamic Publication Office.
Allame Helli, H. Y. (1992). Qavaed Al-Ahkam fi Marefat Al-Halal va Al-Haram. Qom: Islamic Publication Office.
Allame Helli, H. Y. (1989). Ershad Al-Azhan Ela Ahkam Al-Iman. Qom: Islamic Publication Office.
Allame Helli, H. Y. (1999). Tahrir Al-Ahkam Al-Shariat Ala Mazhab Al-Imamiyah. Qom: Imam Sadiq Institute.
Allame Majlesi, M. B. (1986). Malaz Al-Akhyar fi Fahm Tahzib Al-Akhbar. Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library.
Ansari, M. (1994). Ketab Al-Makaseb. Qom: World Congress of Sheikh Azam Ansari.
Ansari, M. (1994), Al-Qaza va Al-Shahadat. Qom: World Congress of Sheikh Azam Ansari.
Ansari, M. (1994). Ketab Al-Tahareh. Qom: World Congress of Sheikh Azam Ansari.
Ansari, M. (1995). Faraed Al-Osoul. Qom: Islamic Publication Office.
Ardebili, A. (1983). Majma Al-Faeda va Al-Borhan fi Aharhe Ershad Al-Azhan. Qom: Islamic Publications Office.
Ashtiani, M. H. (2004). Ketab Al-Qaza. Qom: Zahir Publication.
Bahrani, H. (No date). Al-Anvar Al-Lavameh fi Sharhe Mafati Al-sharae. Qom: Majma Al-bohous Al-Elmie.
Bahrani, Y. (1985). Al-Hadaeq Al-Nazera fi Ahkam Al-Erat Al-Taherah. Qom: Islamic Publication Office.
Beihaqi, A. (No date). Alsonan Al-Kobra. Beirut: Dar Al-Fekr.
Esfahani, M. H. C. (1997). Hashie Ketab Al-Makaseb. Qom: Anvar Al-Hadi.
Fakhr Al-Mohaqeqin, M. (2009). Izah Al-Favaed fi Sharh Moshkelat Al-Qavaed. Qom: Esmaeilian Institute.
Feyz Kashani, M. (No date). Mafatih Al-Sharae. Qom: Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library.
Golpayegani, S. M. (1992). Ketab Al-Qaza. Qom: Dar Al-Quran Al-Karim.
Holy Quran.
Hur Ameli, M. H. (1988). Vasael Al-Shiea. Qom: Aal Bayt Institute.
Ibn Baboyeh, M. A. (1983). Ma’ani Al-Akhbar. Qom: Islamic publications Office.
Ibn Baboyeh, M. A. (1992).Man La Yahzara Al-faqieh. Qom: Islamic Publication Office.
Ibn boraj, A. A. (1986) Al-Mohaza. Qom: Islamic Publication Office.
Ibn Idris Heli, M. (1989). Al-Saraer Al-Havi Le Tahrir Al-Fatavi. Qom: Islamic Publication Office.
Karki, A. (1993). Jame Al-Maqased fi Sharh Al-Qavaed. Qom: Aal-Bayt Institute.
Khansari, S. A. (1985) Jame Al-Madarek fi Sharh Mokhtasar Al-Nafe. Qom: Esmaeilian Institute.
Khomeini, R. M. (1994). Estefta’at. Qom: Islamic Publications Office.
Mohaqeq Helli, J. (1997). Al-Mokhtasar Al-Nafe fi Fiqh Al-Imamiyah. Qom: Al-Matboat Al-Diniat Institute.
Najafi, M. H. (1984). Javaher Al-Kalam fi Sharh Sharae Al-Islam. Beirut: Dar Ahya Al-Torath Al-Arabi.
Nouri, M. H. (1987). Mostadrak Al-Vasael va Mostanbat Al-Masael. Beirut: Aal-Bay Institute.
Sallar Deilmi, H. (1984). Al-Marasem Al-Alaviyah va Al-Ahkam Al-Nabavie. Qom: Manshourat Al-Haramei.
Shahid Avval, M. I. (1996). Al-Dorous Al-Shariat fi Fiqh Al-Imamieh. Qom: Islamic Publication Office.
Shahin Sani, Z. B. (1992). Masalek Al-Afham Ela Tanqih Sharae Al-Islam. Qom: Islamic Propaganda Office.
Shahin Sani, Z. B. (2000). Rasael Al-Shahid Al-Sani. Qom: Islamic Advertisement Office.
Shahin Sani, Z. B. (1989). Al-Rozat Al-Bahiat fi Sharh Al-Lomat Al-Dameshq. Qom: Davari Book Shopping.
Shahin Sani, Z. B. (2001). Hashie Sharae Al-Islam. Qom: Islamic Advertisement Office.
Sohbani Tabrizi, J. (2003). Al-Mavaheb fi Tahrir Ahkam Al-Makaseb. Qom: Imam Sadiq Institute.
Tabatabaei Yazdi, S. K. (2005). Mabani Menhaj Al-Salehin. Qom: Manshourat Qalam Al-Sharq.
Tabatabaei Yazdi, S. K. (No date). Al-Manahil. Qom: Aal Bayt Institute.
Tabatabaei Yazdi, S. K. (1997). Riyaz Al-Masael. Qom: Aal Bayt Institute.
Tabatabaei Yazdi, S. K. (1993). Takmalat Al-Orvat Al-Vosqa. Qom: Davari Book Shopping.
Tabrizi, J. (No date). Asas Al-Qaza va Al-Shahada. Qom: Islamic Publication Office.
Tousi, M. (1980). Almabsout fi Fiqh Al-Imamiyah. Qom: Islamic Publication Office.
Tousi, M. (1980). Al-Nahayat fi Mojarad Al-fiqh va Al-Fatavi. Beirut: Dar Al-KAetab Al-Arabi.
Vahid Khorasani, H. (2007). Menhaj Al-Salehin. Qom: Imam Baqir School.