Jurisprudential bases of punishing corruption in the land for embezzlement (Article 4 of the law on intensifying the punishment for bribery, embezzlement and fraud)
Subject Areas : Criminal Law and Criminology
Zakiyeh
Ebrahimzadeh
1
(PhD in Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.)
Keywords: Corruption in the world, spread of corruption, violation of financial security, embezzlement in jurisprudence,
Abstract :
The punishment for embezzlement is tazir،and inArticle 4 of the law،it has been ntensifie that if embezzlement is an example of corruption in the world ،The punishment will be an example of corruptionin the earth.Aninportant question arises asto how embezzlement canbe considered as an example of corruptioninthe earth .what is the criterion of embezzlement and offsad in the world?The meaning of corruptionin on earth is any action that causes the financial loss of the youth or morals of society and leads to the ruin of that society.Therefore’ the scope corruption on earth is wide and it is not limited to a specific act or type of sin and corruption،but with regard to by its naturei،t is an independent title from the punishment that the lslamic ruler can’by determining the conditions، rule on the correctness of applying the punishment of ofsad fi al-arz on embezzlement or its non-compliance.The relationship between these two titles is not equal. Theresult of this article is that Applying embezzlement to offsad in the world is conceivable if embezzlement causes deprivation of the general economic security of the society and creates financial disturbance in the lslamic society. The following article is presented using library and software resources،descriptive and analytical.
قرآنکریم
46. یوسفی راد، علیاکبر، سادات حسینی، سید حسین، دهقان، رمضان، زمستان 1399، بررسی فقهی_حقوقی زمان احتساب خسارت تأخیر تأدیه در جرایم دارای رد مال پولی، فصلنامه پژوهشهای فقه و حقوق اسلامی، سال هفدهم، شماره 62، ص 183-200.
_||_Qur'an
1-IbnIdris، Hali، Muhammad bin Mansour bin Ahmad، (1410)، Al-Sara'r al-Hawi for Tahrir al-Fatawi، Islamic Publications Office affiliated to the Hozwa، Qom، second edition.
2- Ibn Baraj، Qazi Abd al-Aziz، (1406)، Al-Mahzab، Islamic Publishing House affiliated to the Hozha، Qom، first edition.
3- Ibn Manzoor، Muhammad bin Makram، (1414)، Lasan al-Arab، Dar al-Fikr، Beirut، Shaom print.
4- Ardebili، Ahmad bin Muhammad، (1403)، Majmam al-Fayed al-Burhan fi Sharh Irshad al-Azhan، Islamic Publications Office affiliated to the Hozwa، Qom.
5- Esfahani، Muhammad bin Hasan Fazel Handi، (1416) Kashf al-Tham، Islamic Publishing House، Qom، first edition.
6- Yazdi Fard، Ali Akbar، Qalipour، Hassan، Hossein Nejad، Seyed Mojtabi، (Autumn 2013)، Reflections on the jurisprudence of theft from property، Quarterly Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law، 10th year، number 37، pages 64-57.
7- Yazdi Fard، Ali Akbar، Hossein Nejad، Seyed Mojtabi، (Summer 2015)، Jurisprudential Review of Corruption in the Internet، Islamic Jurisprudence and Law Research Quarterly، Year 12، Number 44، Pages 29-56.
8- Boroujerdi، Agha Hossein، (1386)، Collection of Shia Hadiths، Farhang Sabz Publications، Tehran، first edition.
9-Baghdadi، Mofid، Muhammad bin Nu'man Akbari، (1413)، Al-Maqna (Sheikh Mofid)، first volume، World Hazara Congress of Sheikh Mofid، Qom.
10- Alampour، Hassan، Barati، Shahram، (1384)، investigation and analysis of the crime of network embezzlement، Pedersi، No. 54.
11- Mohammadnejad، Parviz، Azar، (1382)، theft from the government's pocket، reforms and education ، 9، (pages: 37-35).
12- Mansour Abadi، Abbas، (Autumn 2019)، comparative study of betrayal of trust and embezzlement، social and human sciences، law special issue، volume 17، number 1 (pp. 19-32).
13- Tousi، Muhammad bin Hassan، (1373)، Rijal Tousi، Islamic publishing institute affiliated with the Madrasin Hozha community، Qom، third edition.
14- Tousi، Muhammad bin Hassan، (1420)، List of books of the Shiites and their names and names of the scholars and companions of the Asuls، Qom، Al-Muhaqq Al-Taba Taba'i School، first edition.
15- Rahbarpour، Mohammad Reza، Nur Mohammadi، Hossein (2017)، legal challenges-crime of corruption in the land in 2012 BC، criminal research، period 6، number 22، pages 232-205 .
16-Khoei، Seyyed Abulqasem Mousavi، (Bita)، Majam Rijal al-Hadith and Tafsil Tabaqat al-Rijal، Bina.
17- Elahwardi، Farhad، jurisprudential examination of the crime of corruption in the land and rebellion in the Islamic Penal Code of 1392 and its application to the previous laws، International Gangrah of Culture and Religious Thought.
18- Nouri، Hadi، (2018)، the evolution of the crime of embezzlement in Iran's penal system، Yar Law، third period، number 9، volume two.
19- Tabrizi، Javadbn Ali، (1417)، Basis of Boundaries and Ta'azirat، Author's Office، Qom، first edition.
20- Tawakli، Ahmad Reza، (Summer 2011)، Examining the Nature of War and Corruption in the Land and Criticism of Related Criminal Laws، Islamic Jurisprudence and Law Research Quarterly، Year 8، Number 28، Pages 52-32.
21- Jabal Ameli، (Shahid Sani)، Zain al-Din، (1412)، al-Rawzah al-Bahiyyah fi Sharh al-Ma'ah al-Mashqiyya، Qom، Hozha Predahed Office، first edition.
22-Hairi، Seyyed Ali Taba Tabaei، (1418)، Riyadh Al-Masail، El Bayt Institute، Qom، first edition.
23-Habibzadeh، Mohammad Jafar، (2008)، Special Criminal Law، University Humanities Books Compilation Organization، Tehran، 6th edition.
24- Har Amili، Muhammad bin Hasan، (1409)، Al-Shia Materials، Al-Bayt Institute، Qom، first edition.
26- Hali، Hasan bin Yusuf bin Motahar، (1413)، Al-Shia's differences in the rulings of the Shari'ah، Islamic publishing office affiliated with the domain، Qom.
27-Khoei، Seyyed Abulqasem Mousavi، (1422)، The Basics of Completion of Abmathaj، Imam Khoei Works Revival Institute، Qom، first edition.
28-Dilmi، Salar، Hamzah bin Abdul Aziz، (1404)، Al-Marasim Al-Alawiyya Wala Hakim Al-Nabiyyah، Manshurat al-Harameen، Qom.
29- Ragheb Esfahani، Hossein bin Mohammad، (1412)، Koran Vocabulary Dictionary، Darul Alam، Lebanon - Syria.
30-30-Shakri، Abolhasan، (2017 spring)، a new analysis of the crime of acquiring illegal property in Iranian law، Islamic Jurisprudence and Islamic Law Research Quarterly، 13th year، number 47، page 93-114.
31- Shambilti، (1375)، Houshang، crimes against property and property، Wistar Publications، second edition.
32- Shahroudi، Seyyed Mahmoud Hashemi، (1419)، Criminal Jurisprudence، Mizan Publishing House، Judges Publishing House، Tehran، first edition.
33- Sadouq، Muhammad Ali، (2008)، The Causes of Sharia، Davari Bookstore، Qom، first edition.
34- Tousi، Muhammad Hassan، (1400)، Al-Nahiya fi majard al-fiqh and al-fatlawi، Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi، Beirut، second edition.
35- Tousi، Mohammad bin Hassan، (1407)، Tahzib al-Ahkam، Tehran، Dar al-Kitab Ela Salamiyah.
36- Tousi، Mohammad Bin Hassan، (1390)، Abast Bassar Fima Akhtulf Man Al-Akhbar، Dar al-Iktab al-Islamiya، Tehran، 1st edition.
37- Fazil Moqdad، (1403)، Nazd al-Qawama al-Fahhiyyah Ali Madhhab al-Umamiya، Ayatollah Marashi Library، Najafi، Qom، 1st edition.
38- Farahidi، Khalil bin Ahmad، (1410) Kitab al-Ain، Hijrat Publishing House، Qom، second edition.
39- Kariminia، Mohammad Mahdi، Moqdadi Davoudi، Mehdi، (2018)، The nature and rulings of embezzlement in Imamiyyah jurisprudence، Qom، Jaluh Kamal.
40-Kilini، Muhammad ibn Yaqub، (1407)، Al-Kafi، Dar al-Kitab al-Islamiyya، Tehran، second edition.
42- Mohagheq Hali، Najamuddin، Jafar bin Hassan، (1412)، Nakat al-Nahaye، Islamic Publishing House، Qom، first edition. 43- Moqdadi Davoudi، Mehdi، 2016)، legal jurisprudence examination of the nature of embezzlement، jurisprudence and jurisprudence، volume 4، number 7، pp. 150-136.
44- Makki al-Amili، Muhammad (the first martyr)، (1410)، Al-Dam al-Mashqiyyah in the jurisprudence of Abu Mamiyah، Beirut، Dar al-Tarath، al-Dar al-Islamiyya.
45- Mousavi Khomeini، Rooh Elah، (Bita)، Tahrir al-Wasila، Dar al-Alam Press Institute، Qom، first edition.
46- Momen، Muhammad،(1382)، research on the punishment of combatants and corrupters in the land، Ahl al-Bayt jurisprudence magazine، number 35.
47- Yousfi Rad، Ali Akbar، Sadat Hosseini، Seyed Hossein، Dehghan، Ramadan، (winter 2019)، legal jurisprudence review of the time of calculation of damages for delay in payment in crimes involving rejection of monetary property، Quarterly Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence and Law، year 17، number 62، page 183- 200.