Early Sowing Date as A Cultivation Strategy to Alleviate Drought Effects On Yield Components of Different Canola Genotypes
Subject Areas : Stress Physiology
Nadia
Gharechaei
1
(Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University‎, Karaj, Iran)
Amir Hossein
Shirani Rad
2
(Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and ‎Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.‎)
Nasser
Shahsavari
3
(Department of Crop production, Hajiabad Branch, Islamic Azad university, Hajiabad, Iran.)
Keywords: Drought stress, Seed yield, Rapeseed, Oil content, podding stage,
Abstract :
Water shortage or drought stress is an environmental factor that strongly affects crops ‎productivity in various regions of the world. Sowing date as a factor affecting the growth ‎and yield of oilseed crops can alleviate drought stress occurring in reproductive stage. To ‎assess this, agronomic and physiological response of five canola genotypes (L1030, L1204, ‎L1110, L1114 and Okapi) to drought stress were evaluated at two early and late sowing ‎dates (7th and 27th October, respectively) as a two-year field experiment. Results showed ‎that drought stress significantly reduced the seed yield and yield components of all ‎genotypes at both sowing dates, which was a consequence of damage to photosynthetic ‎pigments, reduction of relative water content. However, early sowing was able to alleviate ‎drought stress effect; as seed yield of different genotypes at early sowing were 38-47% ‎higher than late sowing. Moreover, the measured oil content was not influenced by drought ‎stress and sowing date, so the highest oil content at both sowing dates were recorded in ‎L1204 genotypes. Finally, the results showed that sowing of suitable genotype in the proper ‎date could be an appropriate approach to canola sowing in semi-arid areas.‎
Ashraf, M. and S. Mehmood, 1990. Response of four Brassica species to drought stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 30: 93-100.
Bates, L. S., R. P. Waldren and I. D. Teare, 1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39: 205-7.
Bitarafan, Z. and A. H. Shirani Rad, 2012. Water stress effect on spring rapeseed cultivars yield and yield components in winter planting. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 7: 2755-67.
Chaghakaboodi, Z. and A. Zebarjadi, 2012. Evaluation of drought tolerance of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes in laboratory and field Conditions. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 281: 17-38.
Colnago, L. A., R. B. V. Azeredo, A. Marchi Netto, F. D. Andrade and T. Venâncio, 2011. Rapid analyses of oil and fat content in agri-food products using continuous wave free precession time domain NMR. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 49: 113-20.
Cornic, G. 1994. Drought stress and high light effcts on leaf photosynthesis. In: Baker, N.R. (ed.), Photo inhibition of Photosynthesis: From Molecular Mechanisms to the Field, pp. 297-313.
Din, J., S. U. Khan, I. Ali and A. R. Gurmani, 2011. Physiological and agronomic response of canola varieties to drought stress. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 21: 78-82.
Djaman, K., M. O’Neill, C. Owen, D. Smeal, M. West , D. Begay, S. V. Angadi, K. Koudahe, S. Allen and K, Lombard, 2018. Seed yield and water productivity of irrigated winter canola (Brassica napus L.) under semiarid climate and high elevation. Journal of Agronomy, 8(6): 90.
Dong, H., W. Li, W. Tang, Z. Li, D. Zhang and Y. Niu, 2006. Yield, quality and leaf senescence of cotton grown at varying planting dates and plant densities in the Yellow River Valley of China. Field Crops Research, 98: 106-15.
Elferjani, R. and R. Soolanayakanahally, 2018. Canola responses to drought, heat, and combined stress: shared and specific effects on carbon assimilation, seed yield, and oil composition. Frontiers in Plant Science, 9: 12-24.
Faraji, A., N. Latifi, A. Soltani and A. H. Shirani Rad, 2009. Seed yield and water use efficiency of canola (Brassica napus L.) as affected by high temperature stress and supplemental irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 96:132-40.
Filek, M., M. Łabanowska, J. Kościelniak, J. Biesaga-Kościelniak, M. Kurdziel, I. Szarejko and H. Hartikainen, 2015. Characterization of barley leaf tolerance to drought stress by chlorophyll fluorescence and electron paramagnetic resonance studies. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 201: 228-40.
Fischer, R. A., D. Byerlee and G. Edmeades, 2014. Crop yields and global food security: will yield increase continue to feed the world? ACIAR Canberra, ACT, 8–11. Available from: https://www.aciar.gov.au/node/12101
Gecgel, U., M. Demirci, E. Esendal and M. Tasan, 2007. Fatty Acid Composition of the Oil from Developing Seeds of Different Varieties of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 84: 47-54.
Godarzi, A., F. Bazrafshan, M. Zare, H. Faraji and A. R. S. Langeroodi, 2017. Studying the effect of drought stress on yield and physiological characteristics in genotypes of canola (Brassica napus L.). HELIX, 7: 1250-8.
Hare, P. D. and W. A. Cress, 1997. Metabolic implications of stress-induced proline accumulation in plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 21: 79-102.
HongBo, S., L. ZongSuo and S. MingAn, 2005. Changes of anti-oxidative enzymes and MDA content under soil water deficits among 10 wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes at maturation stage. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 45: 7-13.
Hütsch, B. W. and S. Schubert, 2018. Maize harvest index and water use efficiency can be improved by inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 204: 209-18.
Ianculov, I., R. Palicica, M. Butnariu, D. Dumbrava and I. Gergen, 2005. The obtaining of chlorophyll in crystalline form from fir needles (Abies alba) and from pine needles (Pinus silvestris). Revista de Chimie, 56: 441-3.
Jabbari, H., N. A. Khoshkholgh Sima, G. A. Akbari, I. Alahdadi, A. H. Shirani Rad and A. Hamed, 2016. Study of root system relationship with water relations in Rapeseed under drought stress conditions. Journal of Crop Improvement, 18: 1-19.
Kage, H., M. Kochler and H. Stützel, 2004. Root growth and dry matter partitioning of cauliflower under drought stress conditions: measurement and simulation. European Journal of Agronomy, 20: 379-94.
Kauser, R., H. U. R. Athar and M. Ashraf, 2006. Chlorophyll fluorescence: A potential indicator for rapid assessment of water stress tolerance in Canola (Brassica napus L.). Pakistan Journal of Botany, 38: 1501-9.
Kobata, T., M. Koç, C. Barutçular, K. Tanno and M. Inagaki, 2018. Harvest index is a critical factor influencing the grain yield of diverse wheat species under rain-fed conditions in the Mediterranean zone of southeastern Turkey and northern Syria. Plant Production Science, 21: 71-82.
McLean, R. F., A. Tsyban, V. Burkett, J. O. Codignott, D. L. Forbes, N. Mimura, R. J. Beamish and V. Ittekkot, 2001. Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems. In Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 343-379.
Nasri, M., H. Zahedi, H. R. Tohidi Moghadam, F. Ghooshchi and F. Paknejad, 2008. Investigation of water stress on macro elements in rapeseed genotypes leaf (Brassica napus). American journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 3: 669-72.
Rafiei, S., B. Delkhosh, A. H. Shirani Rad and P. Zandi, 2011. Effect of Sowing dates and Irrigation regimes on Agronomic traits of Indian mustard in semi-arid area of Takestan. Journal of American Science, 7: 721-8.
Ray, J. D., F. B. Fritschi and L. G. Heatherly, 2006. Large applications of fertilizer N at planting affects seed protein and oil concentration and yield in the early soybean production system. Field Crops Research, 99: 67-74.
Shahsavari, N., H. M. Jais and A. H. Shirani Rad, 2014. Responses of Canola Morphological and Agronomic Characteristics to Zeolite and Zinc Fertilization under Drought Stress. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 45: 1813-22.
Sharghi, Y., A. H. Shirani Rad, A. Ayeneh Band, G. Noormohammadi and H. Zahedi, 2011. Yield and yield components of six canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars affected by planting date and water deficit stress. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10: 9309-13.
Sianaki, J. M. 2007. The effects of water deficit during growth stages of canola (Brassica napus L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2: 417-22.
Silvente, S., A. P. Sobolev and M. Lara, 2012. Metabolite adjustments in drought tolerant and sensitive soybean genotypes in response to water stress. PLoS ONE 7(6): e38554.
Ul Haq, T., A. Ali, S. M. Nadeem, M. M. Maqbool and M. Ibrahim, 2014. Performance of canola cultivars under drought stress induced by withholding irrigation at different growth stages. Soil and Environment, 33: 43-50.
Uzun, B., U. Zengın, S. Furat and O. Akdesır, 2009. Sowing date effects on growth, flowering, oil content and seed yield of canola cultivars. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 21: 1957-65.
Wassmann, R., S. V. K. Jagadish, S. Heuer, A. Ismail, E. Redona, R. Serraj, R. K. Singh, G. Howell, H. Pathak and K. Sumfleth, 2009. Chapter 2 Climate change affecting rice production: the physiological and agronomic basis for possible adaptation strategies. Advances in Agronomy, 101: 59-122.
Wright, P. R., J. M. Morgan, R. S. Jessop and A. Cass, 1995. Comparative adaptation of canola (Brassica napus) and Indian mustard (B. juncea) to soil water deficits: yield and yield components. Field Crops Research, 42: 1-13.