Investigation on Biochemically Processed Castor Seed Meal in Nutrition and Physiology of Japanese Quails

Subject Areas : Camel

آ.آ.  آنانگیو ¹ (Department of Animal Production, Division of Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology, P.M.B. 1515 University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria)
جی.اُ.  آته ² (Department of Animal Production, Division of Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology, P.M.B. 1515 University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria)
جی.ک.  جوزف ³ (Department of Home Economics and Food Science, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria)
م.آ.  بلوو ⁴ (Department of Animal Production, Division of Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology, P.M.B. 1515 University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria)
آ.اُ.  آدینا ⁵ (Department of Animal Production, Division of Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology, P.M.B. 1515 University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria)
آ.اس.  آکانبی ⁶ (Department of Animal Production, Division of Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology, P.M.B. 1515 University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria)
آ.ت.  یوسف ⁷ (Department of Animal Production, Division of Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology, P.M.B. 1515 University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria)
ف.ای.  سولا-اُجو ⁸ (Department of Animal Production, Division of Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology, P.M.B. 1515 University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria)
اس.اُ.  آجید ⁹ (Landmark University, Km 4 Ipetu, Omu Aran, PMB 1001, Omu Aran, Kwara State of Nigeria)
و.اُ.  چیمزی ¹⁰ (Landmark University, Km 4 Ipetu, Omu Aran, PMB 1001, Omu Aran, Kwara State of Nigeria)
جی.اچ.  اِدوه ¹¹ (Department of Animal Production, Division of Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology, P.M.B. 1515 University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria|Laboratoire de Recherche Avicole et de Zoo-Economie (LaRAZE), Département de Production Animale, Faculté des Science Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin)

Received: 2016-11-25 Accepted : 2017-04-15 Published : 2017-09-01

Keywords: Performance, Japanese quail, blood-composition, castor seed meal, solid-state-fermentation,

Abstract :

Native de-oiled and treated castor seed meal was subjected to proximate analysis and quantification of anti-nutrients (phytochemicals). Seed cake was treated by biochemical technique of solid state fermentation with Aspergillus niger and addition of calcium oxide (CaO) to give treated castor seed meal (TCSM). One hundred and twenty Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were fed four (4) iso-nitrogemous and iso-caloric diets containing 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% TCSM corresponding to the diet 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. While the feeding trial lasted for 56 days, feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Data on proximate composition showed that raw seed, defatted residue (cake) and the processed castor seed meal contained valuable nutrients like dry matter, crude protein, fat, fibre, mineral matter and soluble carbohydrate (NFE). Phytochemical quantification gave high levels of the anti-nutrients such as ricin, allergens, ricinine in the raw seed. However, levels of these phytochemicals were reduced by defatting and treatments of the cake meal by solid state fermentation, A. niger and CaO. Performance traits indicated decreases in feed intake, weight gain, growth and increases in mortality rates especially on the diet with the highest (7.5%) inclusion of TCSM compared to the control diet (P<0.05). Nutrients retentions on the test feedstuff were not comparable with values on the reference diet on soluble carbohydrate values which decreased with increasing CSM (P<0.05) relative to the control diet. In haematological parameters packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values on diets with TCSM were exceptionally high relative to the control diet (P<0.05). However, biochemical indices (serum protein, albumin, globulin, albumin:globulin ratio and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were not influenced by dietary CSM (P>0.05). Enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) showed decreasing trend with increasing level of CSM in diets (P<0.05). Profiling electrolytes in the fed quails showed significant variations in concentrations of Ca++ and HCO3- on TCSM based diets (P<0.05) comparable with the control diet values. Conclusively, despite treating CSM by solid state fermentation with A. niger and CaO addition in this trial, TCSM addition still appears to induce toxic and deleterious effects on the quails. Subsequent works to enable inclusions at acceptable and higher levels after treatments are on-going.

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