The Effects of Sodium Humate and Aflatoxin B1 on Body Weight of Broiler Chicks

Subject Areas : Camel

م.  اسکالیکا ¹ (Institute of Nutrition, Dietetics and Feed Production, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic)
ب.  کورنکووا ² (Department of Hygiene and Food Industry Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic)

Received: 2014-08-27 Accepted : 2015-01-31 Published : 2016-06-01

Keywords: broilers, alkaline phosphatase, Aflatoxin B1, body weight of broilers, sodium humate,

Abstract :

The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of dietary natural sorbent-sodium humate (HuNa) on the prevention of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) toxicity in the broiler chicken. Seventy-two (72) broiler hybrid Hybro birds were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (G1) and 3 experimental groups (G2-G4) with addition of HuNa (G2); only AFB1 (G3) and HuNa; and AFB1 (G4). HuNa was added to a complete feed mixture daily for broiler chicks (1 g HuNa/100 g feed mixture) and AFB1 at the concentration of 25 mg.kg-1 of b.w. Parameters evaluated were body weight and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). AFB1 and HuNa were applied for broilers from 28 days of age. Statistically significant decrease activity of ALP (P≤0.05) was recorded in group G3 of broilers from day 42 and 56 of age onwards in comparison to group G1. However, statistically increased activity of ALP (P≤0.05) was observed in group G4 in comparison to control group G1. The body weight of broilers was lower by about 180 g after exposure to AFB1 (G3) compared to control (G1). Also, the addition of HuNa increased the body weight of broilers by about 26.67 g at the end of the experiment in comparison to control group. Statistically significant increase (P≤0.001) in body weight was recorded for group G3 and G4 on 56th day of age, compared to 28 days. The results of our experiment showed that HuNa has a positive effect on the growth of broilers. And it could have been a suitable natural supplement for growing broilers against the adverse effects of aflatoxins.

References:

Abo-Norag M., Edrington T.S., Kubena L.F. and Harvey R.B. (1995). Influence of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate and virginiamycin on aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 74, 626-632.

Beers K.W., Glahn R.P., Bottje G.W. and Huff W.E. (1992). Aflatoxin and glutathione in domestic fowl (Gallus Domesticus) II. Effects on hepatic blood flow. Comp. Biochem. Phys. 101, 463-467.

Blahovec J. and Šlesárová L. (1991). Enzymes and Clinical Enzymology (Slovak langue). Zenit Press, Košice, SlovakRepublic.

Cheng Y.H., Shen T.F., Pang V.F. and Chen B.J. (2000). Effects of aflatoxin and carotenoids on growth performance and immune response in mule ducklings. Comp. Biochem. Phys. 128, 19-26.

Decree of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Slovak Republic No. 440. (2006). Requirements on Technological Proceedings and Index Nutrition of Food Mixtures.

Denli M., Okan F. and Doran F. (2004). Effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the performance and serum variables of broiler chickens intoxicated with aflatoxin B₁. South. African J. Anim. Sci. 34(2), 97-103.

Denli M. and Okan F. (2006). Efficacy of different adsorbent in reducing the toxic effects of aflatoxin B₁ in broiuler diets. South African J. Anim. Sci. 36(4), 222-228.

Desheng Q., Fan L., Yanhu Y. and Niya Z. (2005). Adsorption of aflatoxin B₁ on montmorillonite. Poult. Sci. 84(6), 959-961.

Diaz G.J., Calabrese E. and Blain R. (2008). Aflatoxicosis in chickens (Gallus gallus): an example of hormesis? Poult. Sci. 87(4), 727-732.

Doerr J.A., Huff W.E., Wabeck C.J., Chaloupka G.W., May J.D. and Merkley J.W. (1983). Effects of low level chronic aflatoxicosis in broiler chikens. Poult. Sci. 62, 1971-1977.

Edrington T.S., Kubena L.F., Harvey R.B. and Rottinghaus G.E. (1997). Influence of a superactivated charcoal on the toxic effects of aflatoxin or T-2 toxin in growing broilers. Poult. Sci. 76, 1205-1211.

Espada Y., Domingo M., Gomez J. and Calvo M.A. (1992). Pathological lesions following an experimental intoxication with aflatoxin B₁ in broiler chickens. Res. Vet. Sci. 53, 275-279.

FernandezN.J. and Kidney B.A. (2007). Alkaline phosphatase: beyond the liver. Vet. Clin. Pathol. 36(3), 223-233.

Garaleviciene D., Pettersson H., Augonyte G., Elwinger K. and Lindber J.E. (2001). Effects of moulds and toxin contaminated barley on laying hen’s performance and health. Arch. Tierernahr. 55, 25-42.

Gawai K.R., Vodela J.K., Dalvi P.S. and Dalvi R.R. (1992). Comparative assessment of the effect of aflatoxin B₁ on hepatic dysfunction in some mammalian and avian species. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 101, 415-418.

Ghahri H., Habibian R. and Fam M.A. (2010). Effect of sodium bentonite, mannan oligosaccharide and humate on performance and serum biochemical parameters during aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens. Glob. Vet. 5(2), 129-134.

Ghosh R., Banerjee D.K. and Ghosh R. (1997). Complexation of trace elements with humic acids from soil, sediment and sewage. Chem. Speciation Bioavail. 9, 15-19.

Giambrone J.J., Diáener U.l., DavisN.D., Panangala V.S. and Hoerr F.J. (1985). Effects of purified aflatoxin on broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 64, 852-858.

Huwig A., Freimund S., Käppeli O. and Dutler H. (2001). Mycotoxin detoxication of a animal feed by different adsorbents. Toxicol. Lett. 122, 179-188.

Jansen van Rensburg C., Van Rensburg C.E.J., Van Ryssen J.B.J., Casey N.H. and Rottinghaus G.E. (2006). In vitro and in vivo assessment of humic acid as an aflatoxin binder in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 85, 1576-1583.

Jindal N., Mahipal S.K. and Mahajan N.K. (1993). Effect of hydrate sodium calcium aluminosilicate on prevention of aflatoxicosis in broilers. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 63, 649-652.

Kaplan M.M. (1987). Laboratory tests. Pp. 219 in Diseases of the Liver. L. Schiff, E.R. Schiff and J.B. Lippincott, Eds. Philadelphia, USA.

Klein P.J., Vleet T.R., Hall J.O. and Coulombe R.A. (2002). Dietary butylated hydroxytoluene protects against aflatoxicosis in turkey. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 182, 1078-1303.

Kubena L.F., Harvey R.B., Bailey R.H., Buckley S.A. and Rottinghaus G.E. (1998). Effects of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (T-Bind) on mycotoxicosis in young broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 77, 1502-1509.

Madden U.A., Stahr H.M. and Stino F.K. (1999). Effect on performance and biochemical parameters when soil was added to aflatoxin-contaminated poultry rations. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 41, 213-221.

Miazzo R., Peralta M.F., Magnoli C., Salvano M., Ferrero S., Chiacchiera S.M., Carvalho E.C.Q., Rosa C.A.R. and Dalcero A. (2005). Efficacy of sodium bentonite as a detoxifier of broiler feed contaminated with aflatoxin and fumonisin. Poult. Sci. 84, 1-8.

Oliveira C.A.F., Rosmaninho J.F., Butkeraitis P., Correa B., Reis T.A., Guerra J.L., Albuquerque S.R. and Moro M.E.G. (2002). Effect of low levels of dietary aflatoxin B₁ on laying Japanese quail. Poult. Sci. 81, 976-980.

Park D.L. (2002). Effect of processing on aflatoxin. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 504, 173-179.

Phillips T.D., Sarr A.B., Grant P.G., Van-Egmont H.P., Visconti A., Boenke A. and Speijers G.J.A. (1994). Selective chemisorption and detoxification of aflatoxins by phyllosilicate clay. Pp. 204-213 in Proc. Int. Workshop. Held.Nat. Toxin. Lisbon, Portugal.

Písaříková B., Zralý Z. and HerzigI. (2010). The effect of dietary sodium humate supplementation on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Acta Vet. Brno.79, 349-353.

Pittet A. (1998). Natural occurrence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds-an updated review. Rev. Med. Vet. 49, 479-492.

Raina J.S., Roy K.S. and Singh B. (1991). Biochemical and histochemical studies in experimental mycotoxicosis in chicks. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 62, 1276-1293.

Rauber R.H., Dilkin P., Giacomini L.Z., Araújo de Almeida C.A. and Mallmann C.A. (2007). Performance of turkey poults fed different doses of aflatoxins in the diet. Poult. Sci. 86, 1620-1624.

Rosa C.A., Miazzo R., Magnoli C., Salvano M., Chiacchiera S.M., Ferrero S., Seanz M., Carvalho E.C. and Dalcero A. (2001). Evaluation of the efficacy of bentonite from the south of Argentina to ameliorate the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broilers. Poult. Sci. 80, 139-144.

Sadeghi A.A., Saei M.M., Nikkhah A. and Ahmadvand H. (2013). The effect of Myrtus communis oil extract on growth performance, serum biochemistry and humoral immune responses in broiler chicks fed diet containing aflatoxin B1. Arch. Tierz. 56(84), 1-12.

Sehu A., Ergun L., Cakir S., Ergun E., Cantekin Z., Sahin T., Essiz D., Sreyyupoglu B., Gurel Y. and Yigit Y. (2007). Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate for reduction of aflatoxin in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Deutsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr. 114, 252-259.

Sheng-Qun Y., Xing-Zuo L. and An-Guo Z. (2009). In vitro evaluation of the efficacy of sodium humate as an aflatoxin B₁ adsorbent. Australian J. Bas. Appl. Sci. 3(2), 1296-1300.

Skalická M., Koréneková B., Naď P. and Makóová Z. (2002a). The role of natrium humate on cadmium elimination and copper level in poultry. Chem. Inžyn. Ekolog. 9, 1251-1255.

Skalická M., Koréneková B., Jacková A., Kottferová J. and Ondrašovič M. (2002b). The importance of sorbents in elimination of xenobiotics from the environment. Fol. Vet. 46, 169-170.

Spark K.M., Wells J.D. and Johnson B.B. (1997). Sorption of heavy metals by mineral humic substrates. Australian J. Soil. Res. 35, 113-122.

Sutabhaha S., Suttajit M. and Niyomca P. (1992). Studies of aflatoxins in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Kitasato Arch. Exp. Med. 65, 45-52.

Tessari E.N., Oliveira C.A., Cardoso A.L., Ledoux D.R. and Rottinghaus G.E. (2006). Effects of aflatoxin B₁ and fumonisin B₁ on body weight, antibody titres and histology of broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 47, 357-364.

Yousef M.I., Salem M.H., Kamel K.I., Hassan G.A. and El-Nouty F.D. (2003). Influence of ascorbic acid supplementation on the haematological and clinical biochemistry parameters of male rabbits exposed to aflatoxin B₁. J. Environ. Sci. Health B. 38, 193-209.

Verma J., Johri T.S. and Swain B.K. (2003). Effect of varying levels of aflatoxin, ochratoxin and their combinations on the performance and egg quality characteristics in laying hens. Asian-Australas J. Anim. 167, 1015-1019.

Williams J.H., Philips T.D., Jolly P.E., Stiles J.K., Jolly C.M. and Aggarwal D. (2004). Human aflatoxicosis in developing countries: a review of toxicology, exposure, potential health consequences and interventions. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80, 1106-1122.