Effect of Replacing Dietary Corn Silage with Hydroponic Barley Green Fodder on Holstein Dairy Cows Performance

Subject Areas : Camel

H. Fazaeli ¹ , H.A. Golmohammadi ² , S.N. Tabatatbaei ³

1 - Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran (ASRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Isfahan, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran

Received: 2020-03-01 Accepted : 2020-06-15 Published : 2021-03-01

Keywords: Productivity, Hydroponic, milk yield, Forage,

Abstract :

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of inclusion of hydroponic barley green fodder (HBGF) in the diet on the performance of lactating cows. Eight Holstein cows (with daily milk yield of 31.15±2.75 kg and 83.23±12.46 days in milk) were assigned to 1 of 4 diets in a 4 × 4 latin square design. Control diet (I) consisting of 62% concentrates, 20% alfalfa hay, and 18% maize silage (dry matter (DM) basis), where in diets II, III and IV the maize silage was replaced by 20, 40 and 60% HBGF, DM basis, respectively. The green fodder yield was 869 g per kg planted seed (DM basis), showing a loss of 131 g DM. Dry matter intake was 23.20, 22.98, 22.67 and 22.65 kg/d on diets I, II, II and IV, respectively. The dietary HBGF level did not affect the average daily milk yield (27.38, 27.62, 26.41 and 27.22 kg/d), as well as the fat, protein and milk total solid yield. Feed efficiency (milk yield per kg DM intake) was 1.26, 1.27, 1.28 and 1.31 which did not significantly affected by the treatments. Finally, inclusion of HBGF up to 60% of maize silage portion, equal to 10.5% of total diet (DM basis), did not affect the performance of lactating cows when compared with maize silage. However, the biomass yield (DM basis) of hydroponic barley green fodder per kg seed grain was lower than that of the initial grain which would increase the cost of feeding.

References:

Adjlane S.K., Serir A.A., Bafdel M. and Benhacine R. (2016). Techno-economic approach to hydroponic forage crops: Use for feeding dairy cattle herd. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci. 6, 83-87.

Al-Ajmi A.A., Salih I., Kadhim I. and Othman Y. (2009). Yield and water use efficiency of barley fodder produced under hydroponic system in GCC countries using tertiary treated sewage effluents. J. Phytol. 1(5), 342-348.

Al-Hashimi M. (2008). Hydroponic green fodder production in the arabian gulf region. MS Thesis. Desert and Arid Zones Programme. Arabian Gulf University. Bahrain.

AOAC. (1990). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 15^th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.

Azila A. (2001). Nutritive value of barley fodder growth in a hydroponics system. MS Thesis. University Putra, Malaysia.

Bakshi M.P.S., Wadhwa M. and Makkar H.P.S. (2017). Hydroponic fodder production: A critical assessment. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net.

Beldman A., van Berkum S., Korstee H. and ZiJlstra J. (2017). Dairy Farming and Dairy Industry in Iran. Wageningen University, Research Report 010. Available at: https://edepot.wur.nl/417175.

Britt J.S., Thomas R.C., Speer N.C. and Hall M.B. (2003). Efficiency of converting nutrient dry matter to milk in Holstein herds. J. Dairy Sci. 86, 3796-3801.

Bustos C.D.E., Gonzalez E.L., Aguilera B.A. and Esptnoza G.J.A. (2000). Forraje hidropónico, una alternativa para la suplementación caprina en el semidesierto queretano. Pp. 383 in Proc. 38^th Reunión Nacional de Invest. Pecuaria. Puebla, México.

Chavan J. and Kadam S.S. (1989). Nutritional improvement of cereals by sprouting. Critic. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 28, 401-437.

Chinnman H.K. (2015). Effect of feeding rations supplemented with hydroponic maize fodder on nutrient utilization and milk production in lactating Graded Murrah buffaloes. MS Thesis. Sri Venkateswara Veterinary Univ., Tirupati, India.

Cuddeford D. (1989). Hydroponic grass. In Pract. 11, 211-214.

De Souza R.A., Tempelman R.J., Allen M.S. and VandeHaar M.J. (2019). Updating predictions of dry matter intake of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91, 7948-7960.

Dung D.D., Goodwin I.R. and Nolan J.V. (2010). Nutrient Content and in sacco digestibility of barley grain and sprouted barley. J. Anim. and Vet. Adv. 19, 2485-2492.

El-Deeba M.M., El-Awady M.M., Hegazi M.M., Abdel-Azeem F.M. and El-Bourdiny M.M. (2009). Engineering factors affecting hydroponic grass fodder production. Pp. 324-325 in Proc. 16^th Ann. Conf. Misr Soc. Agric. Engin. Cairo University, Gisa, Egypt.

Erdman R. (2009). Monitoring Feed Efficacy in Dairy Cows Using Fat Corrected Milk per Unit Dry Matter Intake. Avalble at: http://s3.amazonaws.com/zanran_storage/manc.umd.edu/ContentPages/2529911055.pdf. Accessed Feb. 2019.

Fazaeli H., Golmohammadi H.A., Shoayee A.A., Montajebi N. and Mosharraf S.H. (2011). Performance of feedlot calves fed hydroponics fodder barley. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. 13, 367-375.

Fazaeli H., Golmohammadi H.A., Tabatabayee S.N. and Tabrizi N.A. (2012). Productivity and nutritive value of barley green fodder yield in hydroponic system. World Appl. Sci. J. 16, 531-539.

Fazaeli H., Solaymani S. and Rouzbehan Y. (2017). Nutritive value and performance of cereal green fodder yield in hydroponic system. Res. Anim. Produc. 8, 96-104.

Felton C.A. and DeVaries T.J. (2010). Effect of water addition to a total mixed ration on feed temperature, feed intake, sorting behavior, and milk production of dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93(6), 2651-2660.

Gunasekaran S., Bandeswaran C. and Valli C. (2019). Low-cost hydroponic fodder production technology for sustainable livestock farming during fodder scarcity. Curr. Sci. 116, 526-528.

Hayati S., Valizadeh R., Naserian A.A., Tahmasbi A. and Moosaee A. (2018). Effect of dietary brley grain substitution with hydroponic barley grass on milk yield and some blood metabolites of saanen lactating goats. Res. Anim. Prod. 9, 32-38.

Hosainy-Abrandabadi S.A., Hosainy-Nasab H., Pourmirzayee H.R. and Fazaeli H. (2015). Performance of fattening lambs fed hydroponic barley green fodder. Anim. Sci. J. 106, 157-168.

Kamalzadeh A., Rajabbaigy A.M. and Kiasat A. (2008). Livestock production systems and trends in livestock industry in Iran. J. Agric. Soc. Sci. 4, 183-88.

Khorvash M., Yazdani H., Mahjoubi E., Kousar R. and Ghorbani G. (2012). Effect of protected methionin on the production and reproductive performance of early lactation Holstein cows. Iranian J. Anim. Sci. Res. 4, 122-127.

Krause K.M. and Combs D.K. (2003). Effect of forage particle size, forage source and grain fermentability on performance and ruminal pH in mid lactating cows. J. Dairy Sci. 86, 1382-1397.

Kumalasari N.R., Permana A.T., Silvia R. and Martina A. (2017). Interaction of fertilizer, light intensity and media on maize growth on semi-hydroponic system for feed production. Pp. 221-223 in Proc. 7^th Int. Sem. Trop. Anim. Prod. Yogyacarta, Indonesia.

Marsico G., Micera E., Dimatteo S., Minuti F., Arcangelo Vicenti A. and Zarrilli A. (2009). Evaluation of animal welfare and milk production of goat fed on diet containing hydroponically germinating seeds. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 8, 625-627.

Micera E., Ragni M., Minuti F., Rubino G., Marsico G. and Zarrilli A. (2009). Improvement of sheep welfare and milk production fed on diet containing hydroponically germinating seeds. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 8, 634-636.

Molla A. and Birhan D. (2010). Competition and resource utilization in mixed cropping of barley and durum wheat under different moisture stress levels. World J. Agric. Sci. 6, 713-719.

Monardes H.G., Moore R.K., Corrigan B. and Rioux Y. (1995). Preservation and storage mechanisms for raw milk samples for use in milk-recording schemes. J. Food Protect. 59(2), 151-154.

Moosavy M.H., Mahmoudi M., Ghorbanpour Farkhad E. and Khatibi S.A. (2017). Evaluation of microbial and physicochemical characteristics of raw cow milk delivered to pasteurized milk plants in Tabriz city, Iran. J. Food Sci. 28, 183-196.

Morgan J., Hunter R.R. and O'Haire R. (1992). Limiting factors in hydroponic barley grass production. Pp. 241-26 in Proc. 18^th Int. Congr. Soil-less Cult. Hunter¢s Rest, South Africa.

Mutsvangwa T., Kiran D. and Abeysekara S. (2015). Effects of feeding canola meal or wheat dried distillers grains with solubles as a major protein source in low- or high-crude protein diets on ruminal fermentation, omasal flow, and production in cows. J. Dairy Sci. 99, 1216-1227.

Naik P.K., Dhuri R.B., Karunakaran M., Swain B.K. and Singh N.P. (2014). Effect of feeding hydroponics maize fodder on digestibility of nutrients and milk production in lactating cows. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 84, 880-883.

Naik P.K., Dhuri R.B., Karunakaran M., Swain B.K. and Singh N.P. (2017). Effect of feeding hydroponics maize fodder replacing maize of concentrate mixture partially on digestibility of nutrients and milk production in lactating cows. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 87, 452-455.

Naik P.K., Dhuri R.B., Swain B.K. and Singh N.P. (2012). Nutrient changes with the growth of hydroponics fodder maize. Indian J. Nutr. 29, 161-163.

Nielsen H.M., Friggens N.C., Løvendahl P., Jensen J. and Ingvartsen K.L. (2003). Influence of breed, parity, and stage of lactation on lactational performance and relationship between body fatness and live weight. Livest. Prod. Sci. 79, 119-133.

NRC. (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7^th Ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC., USA.

Nugroho H.D., Permana I.G. and Despal G. (2015). Utilization of bioslurry on maize hydroponic fodder as a corn silage supplement on nutrient digestibility and milk production of dairy cows. Media Petern. 38, 70-76.

Peer D.J. and Leeson S. (1985). Nutrient content of hydroponically sprouted barley. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 13, 191-202.

Raeisi Z., Tahmasbi R., Dayani O., Ayatollahi Mehrgardi A. and Tavassolian I. (2018). Digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, rumen and blood parameters in sheep fed diets containing hydroponic barley fodder. Livest. Sci. Technol. 6, 9-17.

Rajkumar G., Dipu M.T., Lalu K., Shyama K. and Banakar P.S. (2018). Evaluation of hydroponics fodder as a partial feed substitute in the ration of crossbred calves. Indian J. Anim. Res. 52, 1809-1813.

Saidi A.M.A. and Abo Omar J. (2015). The biological and economical feasibility of feeding barley green fodder to lactating Awassi ewes. Open J. Anim. Sci. 5, 99-105.

SAS Institute. (2002). SAS^®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.

Sulser A. (2015). Hydroponic barley fodder feed test on replacement rams and ewes. J. NACAA. 8(2), 1-6.

Tawfeeq J.A., Hassan S.A., Kadori1 H., Shaker R.M. and Hamza Z.R. (2018). Evaluation of feeding hydroponics barley on digestibility and rumen fermentations in Awassi lambs. Iraqi J Agric. Sci. 49(4), 636-645.

Tranel L.F. (2013). Hydroponic Fodder System for Dairy Cattle. Animal Industry Report, AS659. Iowa State University. Available at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/ans_air/vol659/iss1/42.

Tudor G., Darcy T., Smith P. and Shallcross F. (2003). The intake and live weight change of droughmaster steers fed hydroponically grown, young sprouted barley fodder (autpgrass). Pp. 55 in Review of Hydroponic Fodder Production for Beef Cattle, Project Report, Western Australia.

Vance E.R., Ferris C.P., Elliott C.T., McGettrick S.A. and Kilpatrick D.J. (2012). Food intake, milk production, and tissue changes of Holstein-Friesian and Jersey × Holstein-Friesian dairy cows within a medium-input grazing system and a high-input total confinement system. J. Dairy Sci. 95, 1527-1544.

Van Soest P.J., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.