Development of Design Criteria for Eco-parks

Subject Areas : architecture

Sepideh Movahhed ¹ , Hasanali Leghai ² , Farah Habib ³

1 - M.A. in Urban Design, Faculty of Art, International Campus of the University of Tehran, Kish, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Faculty of Fine Arts, Tehran University, Tehran, Iiran
3 - Professor, Department of Urban Design, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Received: 2014-09-06 Accepted : 2015-05-05 Published : 2020-12-21

Keywords: Eco-park, Sustainable development, Recreation, Environment,

Abstract :

Eco-park is a recreational space which apart from protecting the environment, aims to create a research setting to raise environmental knowledge. Due to the current urban development in Iran and the existing environmental problems along with the ongoing rapid population growth, its impacts, and consequently the increasing amount of consumption, waste disposal and different household and industrial sewage, design and development of eco-parks seem inevitable. Bearing in mind that in the New Urbanism, impacts of green spaces, in the form of eco-park complexes, are current in various ecological, social, economical and psychological aspects. Among the most significant ecological impacts of urban gardens and parks, we can point to the reduction of various environmental pollutions, purification and refinement of the air, soil erosion prevention, reducing the adverse weather impacts, and sustainable urban ecological development. Among their socioeconomic impacts, perfect potential of eco-parks can be outlined in attracting tourists, as they provide recreational opportunities leading to increased social interactions which triggers social and economical dynamics as well. Hence, relying on existing capabilities and beneficial varied applications of eco-parks, the establishment of such recreational-ecological urban spaces, is essential in achieving and further advancing sustainable development. The overall objective of this paper is to enhance the urban environmental conditions in order to promote environmental sustainability through eco-park design and connecting the built environment with the existing natural virgin lands in the city. In this way, a suitable condition can be introduced as the scientific-economic support for education and developing environmental culture. The present study is an applicant form that is performed by focusing on descriptive–analytical method. In the theoretical foundations part, the library investigation with analyzing the context of text are used. Finally the criteria of the analysis are presented in this study.    Among the primary requirements of eco-park design, the indicators, measures and criteria are taken into account which distinguish eco-parks from other types of parks and green spaces. In this research, the process of achieving these criteria through study of related theorists’ approaches and analysis of successful case studies is demonstrated. Furthermore, by identifying and understanding characteristics of eco-park, their aims and objectives, as well as their application, whether from local or international theorists’ points of view and in presented projects, the basic structure of this particular type of theme park which ensures their ultimate success and performance, is identified. Finally, regarding the studies and analysis carried out, the conclusion which is about the most significant eco-park design criteria is presented. These criteria are in accordance with the four main principles of environmental sustainability, socioeconomic sustainability, cultural sustainability and Physical sustainability and ecological design; representing the most important eco-park design principles. Use of renewable energy in the design, support from native outputs and products in order to achieve economic stability and growth, trying to improve private and public knowledge in the field of natural and environmental issues and design in accordance with the Nature (organic design), are the most important criteria in each of the principles which have been described above.

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