The Role of Urban Structure in Resiliency Against Earthquake

Subject Areas : urban design

هاله سادات نبوی رضوی ¹ (Qazvin Islamic Azad University)
Sayed Mohsen Habibi ² (گروه شهرسازی پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، استاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قزوین، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی)
منوچهر طبیبیان ³ (استاد گروه شهرسازی پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، استاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد قزوین، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی)

Received: 2016-10-23 Accepted : 2017-09-12 Published : 2018-11-22

Keywords: urban structure, vulnerability, Stability, Structuralism, Resiliency,

Abstract :

In contemporary cities, quantitative and qualitative problems have been increasing unprecedentedly. Cities as the most complex man-made structure are facing with a wide variety of risks and numerous vulnerabilities. Disasters, whether caused by humans or nature, impose significant threats to sustainability. Specifically natural disasters and its impacts on the environment can lead to catastrophes that are often irreversible. Earthquake is one of the major unpleasant natural tragedies which unfortunately produces a huge destruction in a very short period of time and as a result so many suffering and devastation appears in the cities. Resiliency as an emerging concept in urban development, is a new approach to design flexible cities to confront shocks and vibrations that provides vulnerability reduction in cities against the stress and shocks. In fact, Resilience has become an important goal for cities particularly in the face of earthquakes. This concept which was adapted from ecological sciences, imagines cities like living organisms which in face of a variety of stresses, should be released or otherwise it fails and the system breaks down. Furthermore, Main urban structure of a city is an important factor in organized cities on the ground that recognition of it will help urban planners and designers to plan networks, main elements and spaces for cities. Urban structure is composed of sets of main axis and interconnected networks of land-use and various and different urban elements that cause integrity in a city. This structure extends its components in whole of a city and it is a basis for cities spatial-physical organization. It represents the cities general characteristics. Due to the fact that size of city, complexity and multiple issues, urban planners and designers can concentrate on urban structure instead of focusing on all of components in a city and it can helps them to find solutions more easily. This paper aims to re-examine the characteristic of urban main structure and its relationship with resiliency against natural disasters like earthquakes. Community actions in cities are always affected by urban form and structures. Physical structures of cities have drastic effects on the occurring of phenomena and community reaction. It should be regarded as an important point in the face of disasters like an earthquake. The main questions of the paper are: what is the urban structure and what are its dimensions? Is there any relationship between urban structure and changing the level of resiliency against earthquakes in cities? Therefore, urban structure and its dimensions should be surveyed. In the first step, this research aims to explain urban structure and its important dimensions based on expert's opinions. In the second step, resiliency definitions in different domains are investigated. Next, different type of resiliency conceptual patterns which are engineering, multi-equilibria and ecological are explained, and the most appropriate one for cities are selected in connection with urban structure. Finally, the relationship between the urban structure and the level of resiliency on it will be investigated and it shows that it’s possible to enhance the resilience of cities through design or redesigning urban structures. 

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