Lightening Techniques in Landscape Design
Subject Areas : Water and Environment
kian Nasri
1
(Ms in Environmental Design ,Environronment and Energy faculty, Science and Research campus, Islamic Azad
University)
Frah Habib
2
(asistant professor ,Environronmentand Energy faculty, Science and Research campus,islamic Azad University)
Mojtabah Ansari
3
(Associated proffesor,Environronmentand Energy faculty, Science and Research campus,Islamic Azad University)
Hasan Ali Laghai
4
(Associated proffesor,Environronmentand Energy faculty, Science and Research campus,Islamic Azad University)
Keywords:
Abstract :
Landscape lighting allows you to show off your home and enjoy the outdoors once the sun goes down. Itcan highlight trees or shrubs and give dramatic effect to fountains , statues or other landscape focal points.Various lighting techniques are used to persuade tree,bushes, gardend,stones,brickwork and structures to spring to life at night,While maintaining a safe oudoors environment for visitors.These enrichments are achieved through various lighting techniques such as up-lighting , down-lighting,moon-lighting ,crosslighting ,grazin,shadowing ,path-lighting,backlighting and etc.Each technique requires attention to placement,brightness,beam width,angle,direction,and spacing to achieve the desired effects. The variety offixtures and products offered by lighthouse landscape lighting provides a versatile system for stand-alone or combination lighting situations. For each technique there are fixtures that work better than others.To help you plan out your landscape lighting job,here is an assortement of different landscape lightinngtechniques that will allow you to dramatically turn your home and garden in to an ev evening wonderland .as a portion. After cattle ration, the animal feed was prepared together with sludge and other elements.For measuring the value of the obtained ration, different experiments were conducted and outcomewas compared with other factories’ concentrated animal feed obtained forms such as: rice bran, wheatbran, straw, sugar beet pulp and barley. By drawing the relative curves, results showed that, the sludgeobtained from Mashhad slaughter house satisfied the animal feed standard rules and perform betterthan other factories’ products. To the best of our knowledge, our proposed method is the first researchwhich studies the sludge obtained from the treatment process and tries to utilize its application efficientlyin an animal feed ration which is very important and significant applicable research work.85 Investigation of pollution related to sludge obtained from the effluent treatment Of slaughter house and making the practical proposal (Study was conducted in mash had slaughter house)Seyed Mostafa Khezri 1Masoud Monavari 2Parvin Farshchi 3Shadi Kafi Mallak 4(corresponding author)Key word: Mashhad slaughter house, sludgeeffluent treatment, animal feed, concentrate, cattleration.AbstractSludge, as an additional element in the process oftreatment will cause numerous problems in long runs.Therefore, it has to be collected and disposed insanitary ways. Disposing the sludge requires certainrules and it is often polluted by not following theenvironmental rules. Pollution will be transferred tohuman and agriculture crops through water and soil.The best method to control this problem is to utilizethat material in an efficient way. In this paper, weproposed an efficient method to decrease the pollutionof sludge obtained from Mashhad slaughter house,as an applicable sample, and we tried to optimizeits usage in an efficient application. We sampledthe sludge, obtained from the treatment process inMashhad slaughter house, for several times. Then,we carried out the relative tests such as: chemicalpollution (BOD, COD, PH, Nitrate, and phosphate),heavy metal (As, Hg, Ni, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, Co),microbiology pollution, and animal feeding tests onthe sludge samples. The obtained results indicatethat the sludge could be utilized as animal feed. Weprepared the cattle ration by using the utilized sludgeJ. Human & Environment
فهرست منابع:
10. http://tigwest.com/cgi-bin/centralad/redirect.cgi/tran-2006