• Home
  • A review of Bioethanol production through biomass bioprocessing

Share To

Article Url


Manuscript ID : 14811 Visit : 128 Page: 43 - 63

20.1001.1.15625532.1398.17.2.4.4

Article Type: Original Research

A review of Bioethanol production through biomass bioprocessing

Subject Areas : Water and Environment

Hossein Motamedi 1 , Abolghasem Hedayatkhah 2 , Mostafa Amopour Bahnamiry 3

1 - Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Center, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. *(Corresponding Author)
2 - MSc in Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 - MSc in Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Received: 2013-11-22 Accepted : 2014-06-04 Published : 2019-06-22

Keywords: Biomass, Biofuel, Ethanol, Pretreatment, Fermentation,

Abstract :

In order to preserve fossil fuel reservoirs, it is necessary to find renewable resources. One option is biomass that can be converted to biofuels. One of the most important biofuels is ethanol that has been regarded as the best substituent for benzene. Bioconversion is one of the bioremediation methods in which, biomass is converted to biofuel. In this process carbohydrate content is converted to simple sugars and then fermented to ethanol. With regard to the unique structure of lignocellusic materials the pretreatment is necessary that can be done by physical and chemical methods. In saccharification, the biomass is degraded to 5 and/or 6 carbon sugars and then the fermenter microorganism is selected based on the produced sugar. In order to improve final yeild, usually this two steps will be done simulatneously. One of the most important subjects in biofuel production is development of fermentation methods to reach maximum yield one of them is biphasic fermentation.

References:


 

  1. Sonnenenergie DGf, ECOFYS., 2005. Planning and Installing Bioenergy Systems: A Guide for Installers, Architects, and Engineers, 2 ed, vol. 1. Earthscan, UK
    2.
  2. Campbell, CJ., Laherrère, JH., 1998. The end of cheap oil. Scientific American, Vol. 278, pp.5-6
    3.
  3. Isci, A., 2008. Cellulosic ethanol production via aqueous ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Ph.D. 3316217. Iowa State University, United States, Iowa
    4.
  4. Drapcho, CM., Nhuan, NP., Walker, TH., 2008. Biofuels. Engineering Process Technology. 1 ed. McGraw-Hill, United States. pp. 50-169
    5.
  5. Kim, Y., 2007. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for ethanol production without foreign genes. Ph.D. 3299343. University of Florida, United States, Florida.
    6.
  6. Binod, P., Sindhu, R., Singhania, RR., Vikram, S., Devi, L., Nagalakshmi, S., Kurien, N., Sukumaran, RK., Pandey, A., 2010. Bioethanol production from rice straw: An overview. Bioresource Technology,  Vol. 101, pp.4767-4774
    7.
  7. Demirbas,  A., 2009. Biofuels securing the planet's future energy needs, 1 ed. Springer Verlag, London.
    8.
  8. Goldemberg, J., 2007. Ethanol for a Sustainable Energy Future. Science,  Vol. 315, pp.808-810.
    9.
  9. Teymouri, F., 2003. Ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) treatment of corn stover and effects of AFEX treatment on plant-produced heterologous cellulase. Ph.D. 3100510. Michigan State University, United States, Michigan.
    10.
  10. NREL., 2006. Handbook for Handling Storing and Dispensing E85, p. 31. U.S. Department of Energy
    11.
  11. Minteer, S., 2006. Alcoholic Fuels illustrated ed. CRC/Taylor & Francis, BosaRoca.
    12.
  12. Nagy, M., 2009. Biofuels from lignin and novel biodiesel analysis. Ph.D. 3394437. Georgia Institute of Technology, United States, Georgia
    13.
  13. Prasad, S., Singh, A., Joshi, HC., 2007. Ethanol as an alternative fuel from agricultural, industrial and urban residues. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 50, pp.1-39.
    14.
  14. Balat, M., 2009. Political, economic and environmental impacts of biomass-based hydrogen. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 34, pp.3589-3603.
    15.
  15. Weiland, P., 2010. Biogas production: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, Vol. 85, pp.849-860.
    16.
  16. Kaparaju, P., Serrano, M., Thomsen, AB., Kongjan, P., Angelidaki, I., 2009. Bioethanol, biohydrogen and biogas production from wheat straw in a biorefinery concept. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, pp.2562-2568.
    17.
  17. Nguyen, T-AD., Kim, K-R., Kim, MS., Sim, SJ., 2010. Thermophilic hydrogen fermentation from Korean rice straw by Thermotoga neapolitana. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 35, pp. 13392- 13398  
    18.
  18. Deng, L., Shang, L., Wen, D., Zhai, J., Dong, S., 2010. A membraneless biofuel cell powered by ethanol and alcoholic beverage. Biosens Bioelectron, Vol. 26, pp.70-73.
    19.
  19. Balat, M., Balat, H., Öz, C., 2008. Progress in bioethanol processing. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 34, pp.551-573.
    20.
  20. Balat, M., 2011. Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials via the biochemical pathway: A review. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 52, pp.858-875.
    21.
  21. Alvira, P., Tomás-Pejó, E., Ballesteros, M., Negro, MJ., 2010. Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: A review. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101, pp.4851-4861.
    22.
  22. Karimi, K., Emtiazi, G., Taherzadeh, MJ., 2006. Ethanol production from dilute-acid pretreated rice straw by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with Mucor indicus, Rhizopus oryzae, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 40, pp.138-144.
    23.
  23. Lynd, LR., Weimer, PJ., van Zyl, WH., Pretorius, IS., 2002. Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Vol. 66, pp.506-577.
    24.
  24. Agbogbo, FK., Wenger, KS., 2007. Production of ethanol from corn stover hemicellulose hydrolyzate using Pichia stipitis. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, Vol. 34, pp.723-727.
    25.
  25. Gupta, R., 2008. Alkaline pretreatment of biomass for ethanol production and understanding the factors influencing the cellulose hydrolysis. Ph.D. 3317316. Auburn University, United States, Alabama.
    26.
  26. Nelson, DL., 2008. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. W H Freeman & Co.
    27.
  27. Hedayatkhah, A., 2008. Cellulose Degradation, Microorganisms, Usage, B.Sc., Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz-SCU, Ahvaz, Iran
    28.
  28. Prescott, LM., Harley, JP., Klein, DA., 2002. Microbiology. McGraw-Hill
    29.
  29. Li, X., 2010. Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock using aqueous ammonia pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF): process development and optimization. M.S. 1480111. Iowa State University, United States, Iowa
    30.
  30. Sluiter, A., Hames, B., Ruiz, R., Scarlata, C., Sluiter, J., Templeton, D., 2005. Determination of ash in biomass. Laboratory Analytical Procedure, NREL/TP-510-42622
    31.
  31. Kim, TH., Kim, JS., Sunwoo, C., Lee, YY., 2003. Pretreatment of corn stover by aqueous ammonia. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 90, pp.39-47.
    32.
  32. Kim, T., Lee, Y., 2007. Pretreatment of corn stover by soaking in aqueous ammonia at moderate temperatures. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 137-140, pp.81-92.
    33.
  33. Kim, TH., Gupta, R., Lee, YY., 2009. Pretreatment of biomass by aqueous ammonia for bioethanol production, pp. 79-91. In Mielenz JR (ed.), Biofuels, Methods and Protocols. Humana Press
    34.
  34. Hedayatkhah, A., Motamedi, H., Varzi, HN., Ghezelbash, G., Karimi, K., Amopour Bahnamiry, M., 2012. Applying soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA) pretreatment on sugarcane bagasse and rice straw inorder to produce bioethanol, p. 39 The 5 th Croatian Congress of Microbiology, Croatia, Croatia
    35.
  35. 35.  Hedayatkhah, A.,  Motamedi, H., Najafzadeh, Varzi HN., Ghezelbash, G., Amopour Bahnamiry, M., Karimi, K., 2013. Improvement of hydrolysis and fermentation of sugarcane bagasse by soaking in aqueous ammonia and methanolic ammonia. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Vol.77,pp.1379-1383.
    36.
  36. Kim, TH., 2004. Bioconversion of lignocellulosic material into ethanol: Pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and ethanol fermentation. Ph.D. 3154820. Auburn University, United States, Alabama
    37.
  37. Kim, TH., Lee, YY., 2005. Pretreatment and fractionation of corn stover by ammonia recycle percolation process. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 96, pp.2007-2013.
    38.
  38. Hedayatkhah, A., 2011. Biofuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic material. Master degree thesis. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran - Ahvaz
    39.
  39. Li, X., Kim, TH., Nghiem, NP., 2010. Bioethanol production from corn stover using aqueous ammonia pretreatment and two-phase simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (TPSSF). Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101, pp.5910-5916.
    40.
  40. Kim, TH., Gupta, R, Lee, YY., 2009. Pretreatment of biomass by aqueous ammonia for bioethanol production. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) , Vol. 581, pp.79-91.
    41.
  41. Zhong, C., Lau, M., Balan, V., Dale, B., Yuan, Y-J., 2009. Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation from AFEX-treated rice straw. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 84, pp.667-676.
    42.
  42. Kim, T., Nghiem, N., Hicks, K., 2009. Pretreatment and fractionation of corn stover by soaking in ethanol and aqueous ammonia. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 153, pp.171-179.
    43.
  43. Taherzadeh, M., Karimi, K., 2008. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes to improve ethanol and biogas production: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 9, pp.1621-1651.
    44.
  44. Dowe, N., McMillan, J., 2001. SSF Experimental protocols lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis and fermentation. Laboratory Analytical Procedure, NREL/TP-510-42630
    45.
  45. Selig, M., Weiss, N., Ji Y., 2008. Enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Laboratory Analytical Procedure, NREL/TP-510-42629
    46.
  46. Tsao, GT., 1999. Recent progress in bioconversion of lignocellulosics. Springer Verlag
    47.
  47. Pour Ramezan, Z., Ghezelbash, GR., Romani, B., Ziaei, S., Hedayatkhah, A., 2012. Screening and identificationof newly isolated cellulose-degrading bacteria from the gut of xylophagous termite Microcerotermes diversus (Silvestri). Microbiology, Vol. 81, pp.736-742.
    48.
  48. Ko, JK., Bak, JS., Jung, MW., Lee, HJ., Choi, I-G., Kim, TH., Kim, KH., 2009. Ethanol production from rice straw usingoptimized aqueous-ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, pp.4374-4380.
    49.
  49. Kerstetter, JD., Lyons, JK., Trade, WO., Development E, Program WCEE, Publications WSLES. 2001. Wheat straw for ethanol production in Washington: A resource, technical, and economic assessment. Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Energy Program
    50.
  50. Wu, Z., Lee, Y., 1998. Non-isothermal simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for direct conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 70, pp.479-492.
    51.
  51. Axelsson, J., 2011. Separate hydrolysis and fermentation of pretreated Spruce. Linköping
    52.
  52. Li, X., Kim, TH., 2012. Bioconversion of corn stover derived pentoseand hexose to ethanol using cascade simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (CSSF). Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Vol. 35, pp.99-104.
    53.
  53. Yue, G., Yu, J., Zhang, X., Tan, T., The influence of nitrogen sources on ethanol production by yeast from concentratedsweet sorghum juice. Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 39, pp.48-52.
    54.
  54. Merida Figueroa, F., 2010. Kinetics and modeling of batch bioethanol production using Suspended Co-Cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis in glucose-xylose media. M.S. 1487551. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), United States, Puerto Rico
    55.
  55. 55.  Yu, Z., Zhang, H., 2003. Ethanol fermentation of acid-hydrolyzed cellulosic pyrolysate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 90, pp.95-100.
    56.

 



 

_||_

 

  1. Sonnenenergie DGf, ECOFYS., 2005. Planning and Installing Bioenergy Systems: A Guide for Installers, Architects, and Engineers, 2 ed, vol. 1. Earthscan, UK
    2.
  2. Campbell, CJ., Laherrère, JH., 1998. The end of cheap oil. Scientific American, Vol. 278, pp.5-6
    3.
  3. Isci, A., 2008. Cellulosic ethanol production via aqueous ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Ph.D. 3316217. Iowa State University, United States, Iowa
    4.
  4. Drapcho, CM., Nhuan, NP., Walker, TH., 2008. Biofuels. Engineering Process Technology. 1 ed. McGraw-Hill, United States. pp. 50-169
    5.
  5. Kim, Y., 2007. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for ethanol production without foreign genes. Ph.D. 3299343. University of Florida, United States, Florida.
    6.
  6. Binod, P., Sindhu, R., Singhania, RR., Vikram, S., Devi, L., Nagalakshmi, S., Kurien, N., Sukumaran, RK., Pandey, A., 2010. Bioethanol production from rice straw: An overview. Bioresource Technology,  Vol. 101, pp.4767-4774
    7.
  7. Demirbas,  A., 2009. Biofuels securing the planet's future energy needs, 1 ed. Springer Verlag, London.
    8.
  8. Goldemberg, J., 2007. Ethanol for a Sustainable Energy Future. Science,  Vol. 315, pp.808-810.
    9.
  9. Teymouri, F., 2003. Ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) treatment of corn stover and effects of AFEX treatment on plant-produced heterologous cellulase. Ph.D. 3100510. Michigan State University, United States, Michigan.
    10.
  10. NREL., 2006. Handbook for Handling Storing and Dispensing E85, p. 31. U.S. Department of Energy
    11.
  11. Minteer, S., 2006. Alcoholic Fuels illustrated ed. CRC/Taylor & Francis, BosaRoca.
    12.
  12. Nagy, M., 2009. Biofuels from lignin and novel biodiesel analysis. Ph.D. 3394437. Georgia Institute of Technology, United States, Georgia
    13.
  13. Prasad, S., Singh, A., Joshi, HC., 2007. Ethanol as an alternative fuel from agricultural, industrial and urban residues. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 50, pp.1-39.
    14.
  14. Balat, M., 2009. Political, economic and environmental impacts of biomass-based hydrogen. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 34, pp.3589-3603.
    15.
  15. Weiland, P., 2010. Biogas production: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, Vol. 85, pp.849-860.
    16.
  16. Kaparaju, P., Serrano, M., Thomsen, AB., Kongjan, P., Angelidaki, I., 2009. Bioethanol, biohydrogen and biogas production from wheat straw in a biorefinery concept. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, pp.2562-2568.
    17.
  17. Nguyen, T-AD., Kim, K-R., Kim, MS., Sim, SJ., 2010. Thermophilic hydrogen fermentation from Korean rice straw by Thermotoga neapolitana. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 35, pp. 13392- 13398  
    18.
  18. Deng, L., Shang, L., Wen, D., Zhai, J., Dong, S., 2010. A membraneless biofuel cell powered by ethanol and alcoholic beverage. Biosens Bioelectron, Vol. 26, pp.70-73.
    19.
  19. Balat, M., Balat, H., Öz, C., 2008. Progress in bioethanol processing. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 34, pp.551-573.
    20.
  20. Balat, M., 2011. Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials via the biochemical pathway: A review. Energy Conversion and Management, Vol. 52, pp.858-875.
    21.
  21. Alvira, P., Tomás-Pejó, E., Ballesteros, M., Negro, MJ., 2010. Pretreatment technologies for an efficient bioethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis: A review. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101, pp.4851-4861.
    22.
  22. Karimi, K., Emtiazi, G., Taherzadeh, MJ., 2006. Ethanol production from dilute-acid pretreated rice straw by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with Mucor indicus, Rhizopus oryzae, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 40, pp.138-144.
    23.
  23. Lynd, LR., Weimer, PJ., van Zyl, WH., Pretorius, IS., 2002. Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Vol. 66, pp.506-577.
    24.
  24. Agbogbo, FK., Wenger, KS., 2007. Production of ethanol from corn stover hemicellulose hydrolyzate using Pichia stipitis. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, Vol. 34, pp.723-727.
    25.
  25. Gupta, R., 2008. Alkaline pretreatment of biomass for ethanol production and understanding the factors influencing the cellulose hydrolysis. Ph.D. 3317316. Auburn University, United States, Alabama.
    26.
  26. Nelson, DL., 2008. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry. W H Freeman & Co.
    27.
  27. Hedayatkhah, A., 2008. Cellulose Degradation, Microorganisms, Usage, B.Sc., Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz-SCU, Ahvaz, Iran
    28.
  28. Prescott, LM., Harley, JP., Klein, DA., 2002. Microbiology. McGraw-Hill
    29.
  29. Li, X., 2010. Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstock using aqueous ammonia pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF): process development and optimization. M.S. 1480111. Iowa State University, United States, Iowa
    30.
  30. Sluiter, A., Hames, B., Ruiz, R., Scarlata, C., Sluiter, J., Templeton, D., 2005. Determination of ash in biomass. Laboratory Analytical Procedure, NREL/TP-510-42622
    31.
  31. Kim, TH., Kim, JS., Sunwoo, C., Lee, YY., 2003. Pretreatment of corn stover by aqueous ammonia. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 90, pp.39-47.
    32.
  32. Kim, T., Lee, Y., 2007. Pretreatment of corn stover by soaking in aqueous ammonia at moderate temperatures. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 137-140, pp.81-92.
    33.
  33. Kim, TH., Gupta, R., Lee, YY., 2009. Pretreatment of biomass by aqueous ammonia for bioethanol production, pp. 79-91. In Mielenz JR (ed.), Biofuels, Methods and Protocols. Humana Press
    34.
  34. Hedayatkhah, A., Motamedi, H., Varzi, HN., Ghezelbash, G., Karimi, K., Amopour Bahnamiry, M., 2012. Applying soaking in aqueous ammonia (SAA) pretreatment on sugarcane bagasse and rice straw inorder to produce bioethanol, p. 39 The 5 th Croatian Congress of Microbiology, Croatia, Croatia
    35.
  35. 35.  Hedayatkhah, A.,  Motamedi, H., Najafzadeh, Varzi HN., Ghezelbash, G., Amopour Bahnamiry, M., Karimi, K., 2013. Improvement of hydrolysis and fermentation of sugarcane bagasse by soaking in aqueous ammonia and methanolic ammonia. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Vol.77,pp.1379-1383.
    36.
  36. Kim, TH., 2004. Bioconversion of lignocellulosic material into ethanol: Pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and ethanol fermentation. Ph.D. 3154820. Auburn University, United States, Alabama
    37.
  37. Kim, TH., Lee, YY., 2005. Pretreatment and fractionation of corn stover by ammonia recycle percolation process. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 96, pp.2007-2013.
    38.
  38. Hedayatkhah, A., 2011. Biofuel ethanol production from lignocellulosic material. Master degree thesis. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran - Ahvaz
    39.
  39. Li, X., Kim, TH., Nghiem, NP., 2010. Bioethanol production from corn stover using aqueous ammonia pretreatment and two-phase simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (TPSSF). Bioresource Technology, Vol. 101, pp.5910-5916.
    40.
  40. Kim, TH., Gupta, R, Lee, YY., 2009. Pretreatment of biomass by aqueous ammonia for bioethanol production. Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) , Vol. 581, pp.79-91.
    41.
  41. Zhong, C., Lau, M., Balan, V., Dale, B., Yuan, Y-J., 2009. Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation from AFEX-treated rice straw. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 84, pp.667-676.
    42.
  42. Kim, T., Nghiem, N., Hicks, K., 2009. Pretreatment and fractionation of corn stover by soaking in ethanol and aqueous ammonia. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 153, pp.171-179.
    43.
  43. Taherzadeh, M., Karimi, K., 2008. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes to improve ethanol and biogas production: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 9, pp.1621-1651.
    44.
  44. Dowe, N., McMillan, J., 2001. SSF Experimental protocols lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis and fermentation. Laboratory Analytical Procedure, NREL/TP-510-42630
    45.
  45. Selig, M., Weiss, N., Ji Y., 2008. Enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Laboratory Analytical Procedure, NREL/TP-510-42629
    46.
  46. Tsao, GT., 1999. Recent progress in bioconversion of lignocellulosics. Springer Verlag
    47.
  47. Pour Ramezan, Z., Ghezelbash, GR., Romani, B., Ziaei, S., Hedayatkhah, A., 2012. Screening and identificationof newly isolated cellulose-degrading bacteria from the gut of xylophagous termite Microcerotermes diversus (Silvestri). Microbiology, Vol. 81, pp.736-742.
    48.
  48. Ko, JK., Bak, JS., Jung, MW., Lee, HJ., Choi, I-G., Kim, TH., Kim, KH., 2009. Ethanol production from rice straw usingoptimized aqueous-ammonia soaking pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 100, pp.4374-4380.
    49.
  49. Kerstetter, JD., Lyons, JK., Trade, WO., Development E, Program WCEE, Publications WSLES. 2001. Wheat straw for ethanol production in Washington: A resource, technical, and economic assessment. Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Energy Program
    50.
  50. Wu, Z., Lee, Y., 1998. Non-isothermal simultaneous saccharification and fermentation for direct conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 70, pp.479-492.
    51.
  51. Axelsson, J., 2011. Separate hydrolysis and fermentation of pretreated Spruce. Linköping
    52.
  52. Li, X., Kim, TH., 2012. Bioconversion of corn stover derived pentoseand hexose to ethanol using cascade simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (CSSF). Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Vol. 35, pp.99-104.
    53.
  53. Yue, G., Yu, J., Zhang, X., Tan, T., The influence of nitrogen sources on ethanol production by yeast from concentratedsweet sorghum juice. Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 39, pp.48-52.
    54.
  54. Merida Figueroa, F., 2010. Kinetics and modeling of batch bioethanol production using Suspended Co-Cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis in glucose-xylose media. M.S. 1487551. University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez (Puerto Rico), United States, Puerto Rico
    55.
  55. 55.  Yu, Z., Zhang, H., 2003. Ethanol fermentation of acid-hydrolyzed cellulosic pyrolysate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bioresource Technology, Vol. 90, pp.95-100.
    56.

 



 

Related articles

The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024

Home| Login| About Us| Contact Us|
[فارسی] [العربية] [fa] [ar]