Monitoring flood-prone areas by integrating hydrological, climatic, and remote sensing data (Case study: Hele Watershed)

Subject Areas :

ALI ESKANDARI ^{1 *}

1 -

Received: 2025-04-26 Accepted : 2025-06-15 Published : 2025-07-24

Keywords: Flood, flood-prone areas, Hele Watershed,

Abstract :

Flooding is one of the most significant and common natural disasters globally, and with the increasing intensity and frequency of this phenomenon, concerns about mortality and economic losses have significantly risen. Iran, due to its vast territory, climatic diversity, and changes in land use, faces major and destructive floods every year. This situation has made the monitoring and identification of flood-prone areas particularly important. This study aimed to identify flood-prone areas in the Hele Watershed in Bushehr Province using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process based on hydrological parameters (distance from waterways and drainage density), climatic parameters (precipitation), and remote sensing parameters (slope, elevation, and vegetation cover). Digital maps for each parameter were created using ArcGIS 10.3, and the likelihood of flood accumulation for each class of factors, as well as the importance of each relative to others, was assessed through expert opinions. Subsequently, the weights for each factor were calculated in ArcGIS 10.3. These derived weights were applied to the relevant layers, resulting in the creation of flood-prone area maps in five different classes. The results showed that 43,159.95 hectares (2.03%), 301,819.05 hectares (14.19%), 797,968.18 hectares (37.52%), 607,429.53 hectares (28.59%), and 376,284.51 hectares (17.69%) of the HHele Watershed fall into the categories of very low, low, moderate, high, and very high vulnerability, respectively. The western, northwestern, and downstream sections of the watershed are in the high to very high vulnerability class, primarily due to low slope, low elevation, poor drainage density, and high precipitation. Conversely, areas with low to very low vulnerability are mainly situated in the upstream regions, encompassing much of the northern and eastern parts of the basin, where steeper slopes, higher elevations, and greater drainage density are observed.

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