Land suitability assessment model for urban development using Multi-Criteria decision-making approach and Geographic Information System (Case study: Bam)
Subject Areas : Natural resources and environmental managementPooya Farhani 1 , Sahar Rezayan 2 , Mojgan Zaeimdar 3 , Seyed Ali Jozi 4
1 - Ph.D. Student of Environmental Management, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Engineering, Shahroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahroud, Iran
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Professor, Department of Environment, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Sustainable Urban Development, fuzzy logic, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Bam, Geographic Information System, Land suitability,
Abstract :
Background and Objective In recent decades, with the acceleration of urbanization and the growth of migration to cities, the physical structure of cities has undergone extensive changes. To implement these changes, regardless of the ecological capacities and requirements of sustainable urban development, cities are facing many challenges. One of these challenges is determining the appropriate areas for the physical expansion of the city for the establishment of urban development. One of the most reliable methods to determine the appropriate directions and areas for urban development by considering environmental conditions and characteristics is the land suitability assessment. Such an assessment greatly contributes to sustainable land use and solving environmental problems caused by rapid urban development. Land suitability assessment aims to identify the most appropriate spatial pattern for future land uses considering the ecological potential of the area. Since many criteria need to be considered and analyzed in the selection of appropriate lands for urban development, it is necessary to use the most effective techniques to identify the best locations for future urban expansion. The Geographic Information System is such a technique, having its most useful application in the land suitability assessment method. In setting the importance of the criteria used and computing the weights of factors, GIS tools must be integrated with other methods to improve the results. Given that, the present study attempted to evaluate the land suitability to determine suitable areas for the establishment of urban development of Bam city through the integration of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making approach, Fuzzy Logic, and Geographic Information System.Materials and Methods To achieve the objectives of this study, with the help of a group of experts, and an extensive review of the related literature, all the criteria and sub-criteria essential to the establishment of urban development were identified as the first step. To this end, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the group of experts and they were asked to express their opinions on the identified criteria and sub-criteria. To determine the required sample size and population, Morgan’s sampling table was employed. Consequently, 9 criteria and 13 sub-criteria were selected for the land suitability assessment in this study. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making method and Expert-Choice software were used to compare and weigh the previously determined criteria and sub-criteria. As the next step, all the data layers were standardized by the fuzzy logic method using ArcGIS software. The scale of the maps used in this research is 1:100000 and the resolution of digital layers is 90×90 meters. After assigning calculated weights to each data layer, they were overlaid using the Weighted Linear Combination method and fuzzy sum technique.Results and Discussion The results from MCDM analysis revealed that three sub-criteria namely distance from major faults, distance from drinking water wells, and soil texture had the highest weights among other factors at 0.235, 0.117, and 0.114, respectively. The inconsistency calculated for the pairwise comparison in this study was 0.07, which is below the 0.1 thresholds. Analysis of the final raster suitability map, resulting from overlaying data layers, showed that the highest and the lowest pixel values were 0.481 and 0.07, respectively. To perform a more accurate analysis, the final suitability map was classified into four suitability classes (medium, low, very low, and undevelopable) indicating that 24% of the studied area equivalent to 189965.2 hectares, categorized as having medium suitability, 34% low equivalent to 268854.3 hectares, 22% very low equivalent to 178695.7 hectares, and 20% undevelopable equivalent to 160762/3 hectares for the establishment of urban development. The medium suitable areas are mainly located in the east, northwest, and to a lesser extent in the center, mostly away from the major fault lines, while the areas of very low suitability and undevelopable are mainly located in the west and south of the area studied. Due to their proximity to protected areas, mountainous, fault lines, and hills, these areas do not demonstrate the appropriate suitability for the establishment of urban development.Conclusion This study was conducted to identify and determine suitable areas for the establishment of urban development in Bam city using a combination of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making approach, Geographic Information System, and Fuzzy Logic technique. All the criteria and sub-criteria, used to conduct this study, have been determined using a questionnaire and considering the environmental conditions and socio-economic characteristics of the studied area. As a result, 9 criteria including water resources, climate, topography, geology, soil, areas under the Department of Environment Management, roads, population centers, and land use, and 13 sub-criteria including distance from surface and groundwater resources, climate, wind speed, slope, altitude, distance from the main faults, geology, soil texture, distance from protected areas, distance from roads, distance from built-up urban areas and land use were selected for this study. Expert Choice and ArcGIS software were employed for pairwise comparison and standardization and overlaying data layers. It was found that 24% of the studied area equivalent to 189965.2 hectares can be categorized as medium suitability for the establishment of urban development. Based on the final results, it is concluded that the integration of the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making approach, Fuzzy Logic, and Geographic Information System can provide sufficient tools to determine the areas suitable for urban development and present a detailed analysis of these areas according to the characteristics of the area for future planning.
Aburas, M. M., Abdullah, S. H. O., Ramli, M. F., & Asha’Ari, Z. H. 2017. Land Suitability Analysis of Urban Growth in Seremban Malaysia, Using GIS Based Analytical Hierarchy Process. In Procedia Engineering Vol. 198, pp. 1128–1136. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.155
Adel El Sayed, M. 2018. LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS AS MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING TO SUPPORT THE EGYPTIAN URBAN DEVELOPMENT. International Journal on: Proceedings of Science and Technolgy. DOI: 10.21625/resourceedings.v1i1.178
Akbari, M, Neamatollahi, E, Neamatollahi, P. 2019.Evaluating land suitability for spatial planning in arid regions of eastern Iran using fuzzy logic and multi-criteria analysis, Ecological Indicators, Volume 98, Pages 587-598, ISSN 1470-160X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.11.035.
Bikdeli, S. 2020. Redevelopment modeling for land suitability evaluation of the suburb brown-fields using fuzzy logic and GIS, northeastern Iran. Environ Dev Sustain 22, 6213–6232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00473-7
Bozdağ, A., Yavuz, F. & Günay, A.S. 2016. AHP and GIS based land suitability analysis for Cihanbeyli (Turkey) County. Environ Earth Sci 75, 813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5558-9
Deliry, S , Uyguçgil, H . 2020. GIS-Based Land Suitability Analysis for Sustainable Urban Development: A Case Study in Eskisehir, Turkey . Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi , 20 (4) , 634-650 . DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.679980
Jahangeer A. Parry, Showkat A. Ganaie, M. Sultan Bhat,. 2018, GIS based land suitability analysis using AHP model for urban services planning in Srinagar and Jammu urban centers of J&K, India, Journal of Urban Management, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 46-56, ISSN 2226-5856, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2018.05.002
Kerebeh, H. 2020. Contemporary land suitability analysis for urban expansion in Welkite town, Gurage zone, Ethiopia. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 13(4), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.5897/JGRP2019.0756
Khahro, S, Matori, A, Chandio, I, Talpur, M .2019. Data Preparation for GIS based Land Suitability Modelling: A Stepped Approach E3S Web Conf. 101 02001 ,DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201910102001
Liu, C., Peng, S., 2021. Land-use suitability assessment for urban development using a GIS-based soft computing approach: A case study of Ili Valley, China, Ecological Indicators, Volume 123,107333, ISSN 1470-160X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107333.
Liu, R, Zhang, k, Zhang, Z, Borthwick, A. 2014. Land-use suitability analysis for urban development in Beijing, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 145, 2014, Pages 170-179, ISSN 0301-4797, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.020.
Makhdoom, M,. 2014. Fundamental of Land use Planning, University of Tehran, 15th Edition, pp 204. (in Persian)
Maktav D, Jürgens C, Siegmund A, Sunar F, Eşbah H, Kalkan K, Uysal C, Mercan OY, Akar İ, Thunig H, Wolf N,. 2011. Multi-criteria spatial decision support system for valuation of open spaces for urban planning. In: 5th International IEEE conference on recent advances in space technologies (RAST), p 160–163.
doi: 10.1109/RAST.2011.5966812.
Malmir, M., Zarkesh, M. M., Monavari, S. M., Jozi, S. A., & Sharifi, E. 2016. Analysis of land suitability for urban development in Ahwaz County in southwestern Iran using fuzzy logic and analytic network process (ANP). Environmental monitoring and assessment, 188(8), 447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5401-5
Mamo, M. 2019. Integrated Site Suitability Analysis for Urban Development Using Remote Sensing and GIS Based Multicriteria Evaluation Technique in Wolaita Sodo Town and Surrounding Area, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Journal of environment and earth science, 9, 1-13. DOI:10.7176/jees/9-5-01
Mufungizi, A. A., Musakwa, W., and Gumbo, T.,2020. A LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE VHEMBE DISTRICT, SOUTH AFRICA, THE CASE OF MAIZE AND SORGHUM, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B3-2020, 1023–1030, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2020-1023-2020, 2020.
Murgante B., Casas, G.L. 2004. G.I.S. and Fuzzy Sets for the Land Suitability Analysis. In: Laganá A., Gavrilova M.L., Kumar V., Mun Y., Tan C.J.K., Gervasi O. (eds) Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2004. ICCSA 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3044. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24709-8_109
Naghdi, F., Hosseini, S., Sadr, S. 2014. Ecological capability assessment by using GIS and analytic hierarchy process (Case study: Tabriz Suburb). Journal of RS and GIS for Natural Resources, 5(3), 57-65.(In Persian)
Nguyen, Thanh Tuan, Verdoodt, A., Tran, V. Y., Delbecque, N., Chi Tran, T., & Van Ranst, E. 2015. Design of a GIS and multi-criteria based land evaluation procedure for sustainable land-use planning at the regional level. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Volume 200, Pages 1-11, ISSN 0167-8809, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.10.015.
Patil, S. and Jamgade, M. 2019. Site Suitability Analysis for Urban Development Using GIS Base Multicriteria Evaluation Technique in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology 10(1): 55-69. DOI: 10.34218/IJARET.10.1.2019.006
Qiu, L, Zhu, J, Pan, Y, Hu, W,. Amable, G. 2017. Multi-criteria land use suitability analysis for livestock development planning in Hangzhou metropolitan area, China, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 161, Pages 1011-1019, ISSN 0959-6526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.053.
Regional water company of Kerman, 1394. (in Persian)
Saaty, T.L. 1990. How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process. European Journal of Operational Research, 48, 9-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90057-I
Santosh C , Krishnaiah C , Praveen G,.2018. Site suitability analysis for urban development using GIS based multicriteria evaluation technique: a case study in Chikodi Taluk, Belagavi District, Karnataka, India, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 169, Issue 1, pp. 012017. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/169/1/012017
Statistical center of Iran, yearbook, 2018. (in Persian)
Ustaoglu, E. & Aydınoglu, A.C., 2020. Suitability evaluation of urban construction land in Pendik district of Istanbul, Turkey, Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C). DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104783
Zhang, X., Fang, C., Wang, Z. et al. 2013. Urban construction land suitability evaluation based on improved multi-criteria evaluation based on GIS (MCE-GIS): Case of New Hefei City, China. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 23, 740–753. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-013-0609-6
_||_Aburas, M. M., Abdullah, S. H. O., Ramli, M. F., & Asha’Ari, Z. H. 2017. Land Suitability Analysis of Urban Growth in Seremban Malaysia, Using GIS Based Analytical Hierarchy Process. In Procedia Engineering Vol. 198, pp. 1128–1136. Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.155
Adel El Sayed, M. 2018. LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS AS MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION MAKING TO SUPPORT THE EGYPTIAN URBAN DEVELOPMENT. International Journal on: Proceedings of Science and Technolgy. DOI: 10.21625/resourceedings.v1i1.178
Akbari, M, Neamatollahi, E, Neamatollahi, P. 2019.Evaluating land suitability for spatial planning in arid regions of eastern Iran using fuzzy logic and multi-criteria analysis, Ecological Indicators, Volume 98, Pages 587-598, ISSN 1470-160X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.11.035.
Bikdeli, S. 2020. Redevelopment modeling for land suitability evaluation of the suburb brown-fields using fuzzy logic and GIS, northeastern Iran. Environ Dev Sustain 22, 6213–6232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00473-7
Bozdağ, A., Yavuz, F. & Günay, A.S. 2016. AHP and GIS based land suitability analysis for Cihanbeyli (Turkey) County. Environ Earth Sci 75, 813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-016-5558-9
Deliry, S , Uyguçgil, H . 2020. GIS-Based Land Suitability Analysis for Sustainable Urban Development: A Case Study in Eskisehir, Turkey . Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi , 20 (4) , 634-650 . DOI: 10.35414/akufemubid.679980
Jahangeer A. Parry, Showkat A. Ganaie, M. Sultan Bhat,. 2018, GIS based land suitability analysis using AHP model for urban services planning in Srinagar and Jammu urban centers of J&K, India, Journal of Urban Management, Volume 7, Issue 2, Pages 46-56, ISSN 2226-5856, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2018.05.002
Kerebeh, H. 2020. Contemporary land suitability analysis for urban expansion in Welkite town, Gurage zone, Ethiopia. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 13(4), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.5897/JGRP2019.0756
Khahro, S, Matori, A, Chandio, I, Talpur, M .2019. Data Preparation for GIS based Land Suitability Modelling: A Stepped Approach E3S Web Conf. 101 02001 ,DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/201910102001
Liu, C., Peng, S., 2021. Land-use suitability assessment for urban development using a GIS-based soft computing approach: A case study of Ili Valley, China, Ecological Indicators, Volume 123,107333, ISSN 1470-160X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.107333.
Liu, R, Zhang, k, Zhang, Z, Borthwick, A. 2014. Land-use suitability analysis for urban development in Beijing, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 145, 2014, Pages 170-179, ISSN 0301-4797, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.06.020.
Makhdoom, M,. 2014. Fundamental of Land use Planning, University of Tehran, 15th Edition, pp 204. (in Persian)
Maktav D, Jürgens C, Siegmund A, Sunar F, Eşbah H, Kalkan K, Uysal C, Mercan OY, Akar İ, Thunig H, Wolf N,. 2011. Multi-criteria spatial decision support system for valuation of open spaces for urban planning. In: 5th International IEEE conference on recent advances in space technologies (RAST), p 160–163.
doi: 10.1109/RAST.2011.5966812.
Malmir, M., Zarkesh, M. M., Monavari, S. M., Jozi, S. A., & Sharifi, E. 2016. Analysis of land suitability for urban development in Ahwaz County in southwestern Iran using fuzzy logic and analytic network process (ANP). Environmental monitoring and assessment, 188(8), 447. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5401-5
Mamo, M. 2019. Integrated Site Suitability Analysis for Urban Development Using Remote Sensing and GIS Based Multicriteria Evaluation Technique in Wolaita Sodo Town and Surrounding Area, SNNPR, Ethiopia. Journal of environment and earth science, 9, 1-13. DOI:10.7176/jees/9-5-01
Mufungizi, A. A., Musakwa, W., and Gumbo, T.,2020. A LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE VHEMBE DISTRICT, SOUTH AFRICA, THE CASE OF MAIZE AND SORGHUM, Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIII-B3-2020, 1023–1030, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIII-B3-2020-1023-2020, 2020.
Murgante B., Casas, G.L. 2004. G.I.S. and Fuzzy Sets for the Land Suitability Analysis. In: Laganá A., Gavrilova M.L., Kumar V., Mun Y., Tan C.J.K., Gervasi O. (eds) Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2004. ICCSA 2004. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3044. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-24709-8_109
Naghdi, F., Hosseini, S., Sadr, S. 2014. Ecological capability assessment by using GIS and analytic hierarchy process (Case study: Tabriz Suburb). Journal of RS and GIS for Natural Resources, 5(3), 57-65.(In Persian)
Nguyen, Thanh Tuan, Verdoodt, A., Tran, V. Y., Delbecque, N., Chi Tran, T., & Van Ranst, E. 2015. Design of a GIS and multi-criteria based land evaluation procedure for sustainable land-use planning at the regional level. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Volume 200, Pages 1-11, ISSN 0167-8809, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.10.015.
Patil, S. and Jamgade, M. 2019. Site Suitability Analysis for Urban Development Using GIS Base Multicriteria Evaluation Technique in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology 10(1): 55-69. DOI: 10.34218/IJARET.10.1.2019.006
Qiu, L, Zhu, J, Pan, Y, Hu, W,. Amable, G. 2017. Multi-criteria land use suitability analysis for livestock development planning in Hangzhou metropolitan area, China, Journal of Cleaner Production, Volume 161, Pages 1011-1019, ISSN 0959-6526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.053.
Regional water company of Kerman, 1394. (in Persian)
Saaty, T.L. 1990. How to Make a Decision: The Analytic Hierarchy Process. European Journal of Operational Research, 48, 9-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90057-I
Santosh C , Krishnaiah C , Praveen G,.2018. Site suitability analysis for urban development using GIS based multicriteria evaluation technique: a case study in Chikodi Taluk, Belagavi District, Karnataka, India, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Volume 169, Issue 1, pp. 012017. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/169/1/012017
Statistical center of Iran, yearbook, 2018. (in Persian)
Ustaoglu, E. & Aydınoglu, A.C., 2020. Suitability evaluation of urban construction land in Pendik district of Istanbul, Turkey, Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C). DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104783
Zhang, X., Fang, C., Wang, Z. et al. 2013. Urban construction land suitability evaluation based on improved multi-criteria evaluation based on GIS (MCE-GIS): Case of New Hefei City, China. Chin. Geogr. Sci. 23, 740–753. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-013-0609-6