Investigation of Triterpenic Acid Diversity in jujube Ziziphus jujuba mill. from Various Habitats in Iran
zhaleh khoshsima
1
(
1Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran,Iran
)
Amir Abdolah Mehrdad Sharif
2
(
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
)
Ahmad Akrami
3
(
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran,Iran
)
Keywords: Betulinic acid, Oleanolic acid, Ursolic acid, ultrasonic wave, hierarchical cluster analysis,
Abstract :
Triterpenic acids, specifically Betulinic, Oleanolic, and Ursolic acids, are essential bioactive compounds found in jujube Ziziphus jujuba mill. fruit, possessing therapeutic properties for various diseases, including cancer. However, the amount of these triterpenic acids can vary depending on geographical and cultivation conditions. For this purpose, jujubes grown in orchards of 29 different habitats from east, northeast, south, center, and west in different provinces of Iran were sampled at the end of the summer season. The triterpenic acids present in the dried jujube powder were extracted using 96% ethanol as a solvent, with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 15 mL/g, under ultrasonic waves at a temperature of 40 ℃ for 35 minutes. The extracted acids were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a UV detector. The obtained data were subjected to subsequent nested analysis and the Tukey test. The results revealed that only the average amount of betulinic acid significantly varied among the ecotypes. Furthermore, a hierarchical cluster analysis based on the diversity of these three triterpenic acids divided the studied ecotypes into four clusters. Cluster 1, representing Iran's eastern and northeastern regions, exhibited the highest amount of these triterpenic acids. However, analysis of variance between the clusters showed no significant difference among them. The results of the statistics show that the Climatic conditions, soil quality,seed and agricultural methods can be effective in changing or not changing the amount of triterpenic acids in jujube.