Investigating the improvement of germination indices of Cynara scolymus L. seed by bacterial strains of Pseudomonas sp. R27N7 and Staphylococcus sp. R38N2 along with extracted humic and fulvic acids from biochar of Oriental plane tree
Subject Areas :
Medicinal Plants
Mina Aqel Khajedad
1
(Soil Science Department, Faculty of Soil and Water Engineering, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.)
Ebrahim Shirmohammadi
2
(Soil Science Department, Faculty of Soil and Water Engineering, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran)
Ahmad Gholamalizadeh Ahangar
3
(Soil Science Department, Faculty of Water and Soil Engineering, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.)
Fatemeh Khosravi
4
(Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.)
Received: 2022-06-26
Accepted : 2022-08-28
Published : 2022-12-22
Keywords:
Humic acid,
priming,
Rhizobacteria,
Cynara scolymus L. Fulvic acid,
Growth Promoting,
Abstract :
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) seeds priming with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and extracted humic substances from biochar of Oriental plane (Platanus orientalis) tree on their seeds germination and seedling growth indices. For this purpose, in-vitro culture was performed in the form of factorial in a completely randomized design with four replications, totally in 36 experimental units, in the laboratory of soil science department, University of Zabul, in spring 2021. The first factor (humic substances) was in three levels including: seed priming with distilled water (control), fulvic acid and humic acid. The second factor (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) was in three levels including: seed priming with physiological serum (control), strains of Pseudomonas sp. R27N7 and Staphylococcus sp. R38N2. The results showed that R27N7 and R38N2 bacterial strains reduced the mean germination time by 10.93% and 11.23%, respectively, compared to the control. The effect of fulvic acid treatment on variation of measured indices was not significant compared to control. But, humic acid treatment increased indices of Seedling height by 90.33%, seedling dry weight by 90.70%, germination percentage by 61.32%, germination rate by 62.50%, mean daily germination by 60.19% and vigor index I and II by 2.76 times compared to the control. According to the results of this study, artichoke seeds priming with both of the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria strains can reduce mean germination time of seed. Also, seeds priming with humic acid can improve dry weight of seedling and most of seed germination indices. It seems that the improvement of these indices is mostly influenced by the plant growth hormone-like properties of humic acid and also plant growth promoting properties of both bacterial strains, especially their ability to produce of indole-3-acetic acid.
References:
References
Adhikari, B., Dhital, P.R., Ranabhat, S. and Poudel, H., 2021. Effect of seed hydro-priming durations on germination and seedling growth of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). Plos One, 16(8): e0255258.
Allahdadi, M., 2019. Different aspects of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) medicinal plant: A review. Journal of Medicinal Herbs, 9(2): 63-71.
Azad, H., Fazeli-Nasab, B. and Sobhanizade, A., 2017. A study into the effect of jasmonic and humic acids on some germination characteristics of Rosselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 4(1): 1-18.
Basahi, M., 2021. Humic acid improved germination rate, seedling growth and antioxidant system of pea (Pisum sativum L. var. alicia) grown in water polluted with CdCl2. AIMS Environmental Science, 8(4): 358-370.
Cristofano, F., El-Nakhel, C. and Rouphael, Y., 2021. Biostimulant substances for sustainable agriculture: origin, operating mechanisms and effects on cucurbits, leafy greens, and nightshade vegetables species. Biomolecules, 11: 1103.
Devika, O.S., Singh, S., Sarkar, D., Barnwal, P., Suman, J. and Rakshit, A., 2021. Seed priming: A potential supplement in integrated resource management under fragile intensive ecosystems. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5: 654001.
Ebrahimi, M. and Miri, E., 2016. Effect of humic acid on seed germination and seedling growth of Borago officinalis and Cichorium intybus. Ecopersia, 4(1): 1239-1249.
El-Sanatawy, A.M., Ash-Shormillesy, S.M.A.I., Qabil, N., Awad, M.F. and Mansour, E., 2021. Seed halo-priming improves seedling vigor, grain yield, and water use efficiency of maize under varying irrigation regimes. Water, 13: 2115.
Feizi, H., Kamali, M., Jafari, L. and Rezvani Moghaddam, P., 2013. Phytotoxicity and stimulatory impacts of nanosized and bulk titanium dioxide on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). Chemosphere, 91: 506-511.
Galbán-Méndez, J.M., Martínez-Balmori, D. and González-Viera, D., 2021. Effect of extracts of humic substances on germination and growth of rice plant (Oryza sativa L), cv. INCA LP-5. Cultivos Tropicales, 42: 1, e05.
Giordano, M., Pannico, A., Cirillo, C., Fascella, G., El-Nakhel, C., Maiello, R., De Pascale, S. and Rouphael, Y., 2020. Influence of priming methods on seed germinability and transplants performance in six vegetable species. Acta Horticulturae, 1296: 297-303.
Gerke, J., 2021. The effect of humic substances on phosphate and iron acquisition by higher plants: Qualitative and quantitative aspects. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 184(3): 329-338.
Hosseini, S.I., Mohsenimehr, S., Hadian, J., Ghorbanpour, M. and Shokri, B., 2018. Physico-chemical induced modification of seed germination and early development in Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) using low energy plasma technology. Physics of Plasmas, 25: 013525.
Huang, X., Tian, T., Chen, J., Wang, D. Tong, B. and Liu, J., 2021. Transcriptome analysis of Cinnamomum migao seed germination in medicinal plants of Southwest China. BMC Plant Biology, 21: 270.
Ievins, G., Vikmane, M., Kirse, A. and Karlsons, A., 2017. Effect of vermicompost extract and vermicompost derived humic acids on seed germination and seedling growth of hemp. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, 71(4): 286-292.
Johnson R. and Puthur, J.T., 2021. Seed priming as a cost effective technique for developing plants with cross tolerance to salinity stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 162: 247-257.
Khaef, N., Enjavie Mosavie, F., and Alsadat Badihie, R.A., 2013. The effects of salt stress on germination of Calotropis procera L. seeds. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 6(1): 91-95.
Khamseh, S.R. and Shahraki, A.D., 2021. Does seed inoculation with PGPRs affect germination and final biomass of flax under drought stress conditions. Current Trends on Biotechnology and Microbiology, 2(4): 450-458.
Kuwatsuka, S., Watanabe, A., Itoh, K. and Arai, S., 1992. Comparison of two methods of preparation of humic and fulvic acids, IHSS method and NAGOYA method. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 38(1): 23-30.
Larcher, W., 2003. Physiological Plant Ecology (4th Ed.). Springer, Berlin, 513p.
Li, H., Yue, H., Li, L., Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, J. and Jiang, X., 2021. Seed biostimulant Bacillus sp. MGW9 improves the salt tolerance of maize during seed germination. AMB Express, 11: 74.
Moghazy, A.M., Ahmed, H.M.I. and Saif-Eldeen, U.M., 2014. Effect of some treatments on globe Artichoke seed. B-enhancement of seed germination by seed priming. Journal of Plant Production, 5(10): 1611-1623.
Petronilio, A.C.P., Batista, T.B. and Amaral da Silva, E.A., 2021. Osmo-priming in tomato seeds down-regulates genes associated with stress response and leads to reduction in longevity. Seed Science Research, 31(3): 211-216.
Qi, B.C., Aldrich, C. and Lorenzen, L., 2004. Effect of ultrasonication on the humic acids extracted from lignocellulose substrate decomposed by anaerobic digestion. Chemical Engineering Journal, 98: 153-163.
Sabeti, M., Tahmasebi, P., Ardestani, E.G. and Nikookhah, F., 2019. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the seed germination, seedling growth and photosynthetic pigments of Astragalus caragana under drought stress. Journal of Rangeland Science, 9(4): 364-377.
Saleh, S.A., 2011. Improvement of seed germination and stand establishment of globe artichoke under salt stress conditions. Acta Horticulturae. 898: 311-318.
Salem, G., Stromberger, M.E., Byrne, P.F., Manter, D.K., El-Fekid, W. and Weir, T.L., 2018. Genotype-specific response of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to irrigation and inoculation with ACC deaminase bacteria. Rhizosphere, 8: 1-7.
Savy, D., Canellas, L., Vinci, G., Cozzolino, V. and Piccolo, A., 2017. Humic-like water-soluble lignins from giant reed (Arundo donax L.) display hormone-like activity on plant growth. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 36: 995-1001.
Seyed Sharifi, R. and Khavazi, K., 2011. Effect of seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on germination components and seedling growth of corn (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agroecology, 3(4): 506-513.
Sharma, T., Kumar, N. and Rai, N., 2018. Inoculation effect of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilising bacteria on seed germination of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Journal of Graphic Era University, 6(1): 7-19.
Shirmohammadi, E., 2020. Study of genetical and functional diversity of insoluble phosphates solubilizing bacterial superior strains and to obtain the technical knowledge of phosphorus fertilizer formulation suitable for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) dry-land farming (Case study of Qazvin and Zanjan provinces dry farming), Ph.D. thesis, Department of Soil Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, 254p.
Shirmohammadi, E., Alikhani, H.A. Pourbabaei, A.A. and Etesami, H., 2020. Improved phosphorus (P) uptake and yield of rainfed wheat fedwith P fertilizer by drought-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing fluorescent Pseudomonads strains: A field study in drylands. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 20: 2195-2211.
Song, K. and He, X., 2021. How to improve seed germination with green nanopriming. Seed Science and Technology, 49(2): 81-92.
Souri, M.K., Arab, M.A., Tohidloo, GH. and Kashi, A.K., 2017. Effect of some seed priming treatments on germination quality of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) seeds. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 5(2): 85-94.
Trompowsky, P.M., Benites, V.M., Madari, B.E., Pimenta, A.S., Hockaday, W.C. and Hatcher, P.G., 2005. Characterization of humic like substances obtained by chemical oxidation of eucalyptus charcoal. Organic Geochemistry, 36: 1480-1489.
Tsukanova, K.A., Meyer, J.J.M. and Bibikova, T.N., 2017. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on plant hormone homeostasis. South African Journal of Botany, 113: 91-102.
Yeom, M.S., Nguyen, T.K.L., Cho, J.S. and Oh, M.M., 2021. Improving germination rate of coastal glehnia by cold stratification and pericarp removal. Agronomy, 11: 944.
Yildirim, K.C., Canik Orel, D., Okyay, H., Gursan, M.M. and Demir, I., 2021. Quality of immature and mature Pepper (Capsicum annuum L) seeds in relation to bio-priming with endophytic Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. Horticulturae, 7(4): 75.
Zahir, Z.A., Arshad, M. and Frankenberger, W.T., 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: Applications and perspectives in agriculture. Advances in Agronomy, 81: 98-169.
Zhang, P., Zhang, H., Wu, G., Chen, X., Gruda, N., Li, X., Dong, J. and Duan, Z. 2021. Dose-dependent application of straw-derived fulvic acid on yield and quality of tomato plants grown in a greenhouse. Frontiers in Plant Science. 12: 736613.
_||_References
Adhikari, B., Dhital, P.R., Ranabhat, S. and Poudel, H., 2021. Effect of seed hydro-priming durations on germination and seedling growth of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). Plos One, 16(8): e0255258.
Allahdadi, M., 2019. Different aspects of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) medicinal plant: A review. Journal of Medicinal Herbs, 9(2): 63-71.
Azad, H., Fazeli-Nasab, B. and Sobhanizade, A., 2017. A study into the effect of jasmonic and humic acids on some germination characteristics of Rosselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seed under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Seed Research, 4(1): 1-18.
Basahi, M., 2021. Humic acid improved germination rate, seedling growth and antioxidant system of pea (Pisum sativum L. var. alicia) grown in water polluted with CdCl2. AIMS Environmental Science, 8(4): 358-370.
Cristofano, F., El-Nakhel, C. and Rouphael, Y., 2021. Biostimulant substances for sustainable agriculture: origin, operating mechanisms and effects on cucurbits, leafy greens, and nightshade vegetables species. Biomolecules, 11: 1103.
Devika, O.S., Singh, S., Sarkar, D., Barnwal, P., Suman, J. and Rakshit, A., 2021. Seed priming: A potential supplement in integrated resource management under fragile intensive ecosystems. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5: 654001.
Ebrahimi, M. and Miri, E., 2016. Effect of humic acid on seed germination and seedling growth of Borago officinalis and Cichorium intybus. Ecopersia, 4(1): 1239-1249.
El-Sanatawy, A.M., Ash-Shormillesy, S.M.A.I., Qabil, N., Awad, M.F. and Mansour, E., 2021. Seed halo-priming improves seedling vigor, grain yield, and water use efficiency of maize under varying irrigation regimes. Water, 13: 2115.
Feizi, H., Kamali, M., Jafari, L. and Rezvani Moghaddam, P., 2013. Phytotoxicity and stimulatory impacts of nanosized and bulk titanium dioxide on fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). Chemosphere, 91: 506-511.
Galbán-Méndez, J.M., Martínez-Balmori, D. and González-Viera, D., 2021. Effect of extracts of humic substances on germination and growth of rice plant (Oryza sativa L), cv. INCA LP-5. Cultivos Tropicales, 42: 1, e05.
Giordano, M., Pannico, A., Cirillo, C., Fascella, G., El-Nakhel, C., Maiello, R., De Pascale, S. and Rouphael, Y., 2020. Influence of priming methods on seed germinability and transplants performance in six vegetable species. Acta Horticulturae, 1296: 297-303.
Gerke, J., 2021. The effect of humic substances on phosphate and iron acquisition by higher plants: Qualitative and quantitative aspects. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 184(3): 329-338.
Hosseini, S.I., Mohsenimehr, S., Hadian, J., Ghorbanpour, M. and Shokri, B., 2018. Physico-chemical induced modification of seed germination and early development in Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) using low energy plasma technology. Physics of Plasmas, 25: 013525.
Huang, X., Tian, T., Chen, J., Wang, D. Tong, B. and Liu, J., 2021. Transcriptome analysis of Cinnamomum migao seed germination in medicinal plants of Southwest China. BMC Plant Biology, 21: 270.
Ievins, G., Vikmane, M., Kirse, A. and Karlsons, A., 2017. Effect of vermicompost extract and vermicompost derived humic acids on seed germination and seedling growth of hemp. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, 71(4): 286-292.
Johnson R. and Puthur, J.T., 2021. Seed priming as a cost effective technique for developing plants with cross tolerance to salinity stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 162: 247-257.
Khaef, N., Enjavie Mosavie, F., and Alsadat Badihie, R.A., 2013. The effects of salt stress on germination of Calotropis procera L. seeds. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 6(1): 91-95.
Khamseh, S.R. and Shahraki, A.D., 2021. Does seed inoculation with PGPRs affect germination and final biomass of flax under drought stress conditions. Current Trends on Biotechnology and Microbiology, 2(4): 450-458.
Kuwatsuka, S., Watanabe, A., Itoh, K. and Arai, S., 1992. Comparison of two methods of preparation of humic and fulvic acids, IHSS method and NAGOYA method. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 38(1): 23-30.
Larcher, W., 2003. Physiological Plant Ecology (4th Ed.). Springer, Berlin, 513p.
Li, H., Yue, H., Li, L., Liu, Y., Zhang, H., Wang, J. and Jiang, X., 2021. Seed biostimulant Bacillus sp. MGW9 improves the salt tolerance of maize during seed germination. AMB Express, 11: 74.
Moghazy, A.M., Ahmed, H.M.I. and Saif-Eldeen, U.M., 2014. Effect of some treatments on globe Artichoke seed. B-enhancement of seed germination by seed priming. Journal of Plant Production, 5(10): 1611-1623.
Petronilio, A.C.P., Batista, T.B. and Amaral da Silva, E.A., 2021. Osmo-priming in tomato seeds down-regulates genes associated with stress response and leads to reduction in longevity. Seed Science Research, 31(3): 211-216.
Qi, B.C., Aldrich, C. and Lorenzen, L., 2004. Effect of ultrasonication on the humic acids extracted from lignocellulose substrate decomposed by anaerobic digestion. Chemical Engineering Journal, 98: 153-163.
Sabeti, M., Tahmasebi, P., Ardestani, E.G. and Nikookhah, F., 2019. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the seed germination, seedling growth and photosynthetic pigments of Astragalus caragana under drought stress. Journal of Rangeland Science, 9(4): 364-377.
Saleh, S.A., 2011. Improvement of seed germination and stand establishment of globe artichoke under salt stress conditions. Acta Horticulturae. 898: 311-318.
Salem, G., Stromberger, M.E., Byrne, P.F., Manter, D.K., El-Fekid, W. and Weir, T.L., 2018. Genotype-specific response of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to irrigation and inoculation with ACC deaminase bacteria. Rhizosphere, 8: 1-7.
Savy, D., Canellas, L., Vinci, G., Cozzolino, V. and Piccolo, A., 2017. Humic-like water-soluble lignins from giant reed (Arundo donax L.) display hormone-like activity on plant growth. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 36: 995-1001.
Seyed Sharifi, R. and Khavazi, K., 2011. Effect of seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on germination components and seedling growth of corn (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agroecology, 3(4): 506-513.
Sharma, T., Kumar, N. and Rai, N., 2018. Inoculation effect of nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilising bacteria on seed germination of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Journal of Graphic Era University, 6(1): 7-19.
Shirmohammadi, E., 2020. Study of genetical and functional diversity of insoluble phosphates solubilizing bacterial superior strains and to obtain the technical knowledge of phosphorus fertilizer formulation suitable for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) dry-land farming (Case study of Qazvin and Zanjan provinces dry farming), Ph.D. thesis, Department of Soil Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Karaj, 254p.
Shirmohammadi, E., Alikhani, H.A. Pourbabaei, A.A. and Etesami, H., 2020. Improved phosphorus (P) uptake and yield of rainfed wheat fedwith P fertilizer by drought-tolerant phosphate-solubilizing fluorescent Pseudomonads strains: A field study in drylands. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 20: 2195-2211.
Song, K. and He, X., 2021. How to improve seed germination with green nanopriming. Seed Science and Technology, 49(2): 81-92.
Souri, M.K., Arab, M.A., Tohidloo, GH. and Kashi, A.K., 2017. Effect of some seed priming treatments on germination quality of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) seeds. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology, 5(2): 85-94.
Trompowsky, P.M., Benites, V.M., Madari, B.E., Pimenta, A.S., Hockaday, W.C. and Hatcher, P.G., 2005. Characterization of humic like substances obtained by chemical oxidation of eucalyptus charcoal. Organic Geochemistry, 36: 1480-1489.
Tsukanova, K.A., Meyer, J.J.M. and Bibikova, T.N., 2017. Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on plant hormone homeostasis. South African Journal of Botany, 113: 91-102.
Yeom, M.S., Nguyen, T.K.L., Cho, J.S. and Oh, M.M., 2021. Improving germination rate of coastal glehnia by cold stratification and pericarp removal. Agronomy, 11: 944.
Yildirim, K.C., Canik Orel, D., Okyay, H., Gursan, M.M. and Demir, I., 2021. Quality of immature and mature Pepper (Capsicum annuum L) seeds in relation to bio-priming with endophytic Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. Horticulturae, 7(4): 75.
Zahir, Z.A., Arshad, M. and Frankenberger, W.T., 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria: Applications and perspectives in agriculture. Advances in Agronomy, 81: 98-169.
Zhang, P., Zhang, H., Wu, G., Chen, X., Gruda, N., Li, X., Dong, J. and Duan, Z. 2021. Dose-dependent application of straw-derived fulvic acid on yield and quality of tomato plants grown in a greenhouse. Frontiers in Plant Science. 12: 736613.
