Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties in different concentrations of Physalis alkekengi L. extract
Subject Areas : Medicinal Plantssimin Arian 1 , Seyedeh Fatemeh Habib Hosseini 2
1 - گروه میکروبیولوژی- دانشگده علوم زیستی- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن
2 - M.Sc student, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University,Tonekabon, Iran
Keywords: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity, physalis alkekengi L, Extract. Phytochemical,
Abstract :
With the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and their side effects, the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of bacterial infections is increasing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of different concentrations of methanolic extract of Physalis alkekngi. For this purpose, the calyx and fruit of the P. alkekengi L. were collected from an area near the city of Tonekabon in the summer of 2019 from a height of 120 meters and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts on pathogenic bacteria was determined by disk diffusion methods, MIC, and MBC. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were measured by folin-ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. In addition, total anthocyanin was measured by spectrophotometry as well as antioxidant activity of extract using DPPH method. Based on the results, the highest total phenol content at a concentration 50 mg-1 ml of calyx extract was 32.92±1.738 mgEGA g-1 DW. Also, the content of flavonoid and anthocyanin compounds in the calyx extract was more than that of the fruit extract. Based on the results of antioxidant activity also showed that the highest DPPH radical inhibitory effect were obtained at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg/ml of calyx extract 51.43% and 51.58%, respectively. In addition, calyx and fruit extracts showed significant inhibitory activity against the studied bacteria as the highest inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus was obtained at a concentration of 1000 mg -1ml of calyx and fruit extracts. The results of this study indicated that the calyx and fruit extracts of P. alkekengi are rich in antioxidant compounds, especially phenolic compounds, and the antimicrobial activity of the extracts showed a significant positive correlation with total phenol content. Therefore, the antimicrobial properties of the calyx and fruit extracts may be attributed to their phenolic compounds and these extracts can be recommended for medicinal applications.
Adamczak, A., Ożarowski, M. and Karpiński, T.M. 2020. Antibacterial activity of some favonoids and organic aids widely distributed in plants. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(1): 109-118.
2.Almoulah, N.F., Voynikov, Y., Gevrenova, R., Schohn, H., Tzanova, T., Yagi, S. and Laurain-mattar, D. 2017. Antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of selected Solanaceae species. South African Journal of Botany, 112: 368-374.
3.Amini, A. 2004. Dictionary of therapeutic plants. Tehran University, Tehran, 157-159.
4.Bahmani, M., Rafieian-Kopaei, M., Naghdi, N., Mozaffari Nejad, A.S. and Afsordeh, O. 2016. Physalis alkekengi: A review of its therapeutic effects. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3: 1472-1475.
5.Burt, S. 2004. Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods. International Journal Food Microbiology, 94: 223-253.
6.Chakraborty, M. and Mitra, A. 2008. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the methanolic extract from Cocos nucifera mesocarp. Food Chemistry, 107: 994-999.
7.Chandra, H., Bishnoi P., Yadav, A., Patni, B., Mishra, A.P. and Nautiyal, A.R. 2017. Antimicrobial resistance and the alternative resources with special emphasis on plant-based antimicrobials- A review. Plants, 6(2): 16-25.
8.Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. and Chern J. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10: 178-182.
10.Duffy, C.F. and Power, R.F. 2001. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some Chinese plant extracts. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 17: 527-529.
11.Ebrahimabadi, A.H., Ebrahimabadi, E.H., Jafari-Bidgoli, Z., Jookar Kashi, F., Mazoochi, A. and Batooli, H. 2010. Composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and extracts of Stachys inflata Benth from Iran. Food Chemistry, 119: 452-458.
12.Ertürk, Ö., Çol Ayvaz, M., Can, Z., Karaman, Ü. and Korkmaz, K. 2017. Antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and phenolic and chemical contents of Physalis peruviana L. from Trabzon, Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 53: 213-217.
13.Farhadi, Kh., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Hatami, M., Forough, M. and Molaie, R. 2016. “Determination of phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity in skin, pulp, seed, cane and leaf of five native Grape cultivars in west Azerbaijan province, Iran. Food Chemistry, 199: 847-855.
14.Fazeli-Nasab, B., Rahnama, M. and Mazarei, A. 2017. Correlation between antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of nine medicinal plant extracts. Journal of Mazandaran University Medical Science, 27 (149): 63-78.
15.Ghasemi-Pirbalouchi, A., Jahanbaz,i P. and Enteshari, S. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of some iranian medicinal plants. Archives of Biological Sciences, 62(3): 633-642.
16.Gholami, A., Arabestani, M.R. and Ahmadi, M. 2016. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Allium jesdianum plant on a number of pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics. Pajouhan Scientific Journal, 14 (4): 18-26.
17.Hoshani, M., Mianabadi, M., Aghdasi, M. and Azim Mohseni, M. 2012. An investigation of antioxidant activity of Physalis alkekengi methanolic extracts in different phenolegical stages. Journal of Plant Biology, 4: 101-14.
18.Jena, P., Mohanty, S., Mallick, R., Jacob, B. and Sonawane, A. 2012. Toxicity and antibacterial assessment of chitosancoated silver nanoparticles on human pathogens and macrophage cells. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 7: 1805-1818.
19.Jouda, M.M. 2013. The Antibacterial effect of some medicinal plant extracts and their synergistic effect with antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(2): 23-33.
20.Khosravi, A.D. and Behzadi, A. 2006. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the seed Hull of Quercus Branti on some Gram Negative Bacteria. Pakistan Journal Medical Sciences, 22: 429-32.
21.Khosravi, S., rezayatmand, Z. and Ghiasian, M. 2020. Study of antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of aqueous and alcoholic extract of plant (Lawsonia inermis, punica granatum, walnut, Myrtus) on gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Applied Biology, 10 (3): 1-17.
22.Koohsari, H., Ghaemi, E.A., Sheshpoli, M.S., Jahedi, M. and Zahiri, M. 2015. The investigation of antibacterial activity of selected native plants from north of Iran. Journal of Medicine and life, 8: 38-42.
23.Majhenic, L., Skerget, M., and Knez, Z. 2007. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of guarana seed extracts. Food Chemistry, 104: 1258-1268.
24.Meda, A., Lamien, C.E., Romito, M., Millogo, J. and Nacoulma, O.G. 2005. Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and pralin contents in Burkina Fasan honey, as well as their scavenging activity. Food Chemistry, 91: 571-577.
25.Melo, J.O., Fachin, A.L., Rizo, W.F., Jesus, H.C., Arrigoni-Blank, M.F. and Alves, P.B. 2014. Cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Lippia gracilis Schauer genotypes on HeLa, B16, and MCF-7 cells and normal human fibroblasts. Genetics and Molecular Research, 13(2): 2691-7.
26.Mianabadi, M., Hoshani, M. and Salmanian, S. 2015. Antimicrobial and anti-oxidative effects of methanolic extract of Dorema aucheri Boiss. Journal of Agriculture Science Technology, 17: 623-634.
27.Miliauskas, G., Venskutonis, P.R. and Vanbeek, T.A. 2005. Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chemistry, 85: 231-237.
28.Mirzaie, A., Shandiz, S., Ataollah, S. and Noorbazargan, H. 2016. Evaluation of chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial,cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Aloysia citrodora extract on colon cancer cell line. Tehran University of Medicinal Journal, 74(3): 168-176.
29.Mita, S., Murano, N., Akaike, M. and Nakamura, K. 1997. Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with pleiotropic effects on the expression of the gen for beta-amylase and on the accumulation of anthocyanin that is inducible by sugars. Plant Journal, 11: 841-851.
30.Mujeeb, F., Bajpai, P. and Pathak, N. 2014. Phytochemical evaluation, antimicrobial. activity, and determination of bioactive components from leaves of Aegle marmelos. BioMed Research International, 1-12.
31.National committee for clinical laboratory standards. 2000. Methods for dilution antimicrobia susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically (5th Ed.). Approved standard, M7-A5. Pennsylvania: Wayne.
32.Negi, P.S., Jayaprakasha, G.K. and Jena, B.S. 2003. Antioxidant and anti- mutagenic activities of pomegranate peel extracts. Food Chemistry, 80: 393-397.
33.Oroojalian, F., Kermanshahi, K., Azizi, M. and Bassami, M.R. 2010. Phytochemical composition of the essential oils from three Apiaceae species and their antibacterial effects on food-borne pathogens. Food Chemistry, 120: 765-770.
34.Palmieri, A.B., Amaral, A.M., Homem, R.A., and Machado, M.A. 2010. Differential expression of pathogenicity and virulence-related genes of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri under copper stress. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 33(2): 348-353.3.
35.Pourmorad, F., Hosseinimehr, S.J. and Shahabimajd, N. 2006. Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5: 1142-1145.
36.Saki, K., Bahmani, M. and Rafieian-Kopaei, M. 2014. The effect of most important medicinal plants on two important psychiatric disorders (anxiety and depression)-a review. Asian Pac Journal Trop of Medicinal, 7: 34-42.
37.Sharma, N., Bano, A., Dhaliwal, S.H., and Sharma, V. 2015. Prespectives and possibilities of Indian species of genus (Physalis) a comprehensive review. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 2(2): 326-35.
38.Shu, Z., Xing, N., Wang, Q., Li, X., Xu, B., Li, Z. and Kuang, H. 2016. Antibacterial and anti-Inflammatory activities of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii and its main constituents. Evidence - Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1: 1-10.
39.Zarei-Yazdeli, M., Seyed Ebrahimi, S.A., Alipanah, H. and Noori, M. 2020. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of ethanoloic and methanoloic extracts of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Mazouj galls. Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 24(3): 293-301.
40.Zhang, C.Y., Luo, J.G., Liu, R.H., Lin, R., Yang, M.H. and Kong, L.Y. 2016. H NMR spectroscopy-guided isolation of newsucrose esters from Physalis alkekengi var.franchetii and their antibacterial activity. Fitoterapia, 114: 138-143.
_||_Adamczak, A., Ożarowski, M. and Karpiński, T.M. 2020. Antibacterial activity of some favonoids and organic aids widely distributed in plants. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(1): 109-118.
2.Almoulah, N.F., Voynikov, Y., Gevrenova, R., Schohn, H., Tzanova, T., Yagi, S. and Laurain-mattar, D. 2017. Antiproliferative and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts of selected Solanaceae species. South African Journal of Botany, 112: 368-374.
3.Amini, A. 2004. Dictionary of therapeutic plants. Tehran University, Tehran, 157-159.
4.Bahmani, M., Rafieian-Kopaei, M., Naghdi, N., Mozaffari Nejad, A.S. and Afsordeh, O. 2016. Physalis alkekengi: A review of its therapeutic effects. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3: 1472-1475.
5.Burt, S. 2004. Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods. International Journal Food Microbiology, 94: 223-253.
6.Chakraborty, M. and Mitra, A. 2008. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the methanolic extract from Cocos nucifera mesocarp. Food Chemistry, 107: 994-999.
7.Chandra, H., Bishnoi P., Yadav, A., Patni, B., Mishra, A.P. and Nautiyal, A.R. 2017. Antimicrobial resistance and the alternative resources with special emphasis on plant-based antimicrobials- A review. Plants, 6(2): 16-25.
8.Chang, C., Yang, M., Wen, H. and Chern J. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10: 178-182.
10.Duffy, C.F. and Power, R.F. 2001. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of some Chinese plant extracts. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 17: 527-529.
11.Ebrahimabadi, A.H., Ebrahimabadi, E.H., Jafari-Bidgoli, Z., Jookar Kashi, F., Mazoochi, A. and Batooli, H. 2010. Composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and extracts of Stachys inflata Benth from Iran. Food Chemistry, 119: 452-458.
12.Ertürk, Ö., Çol Ayvaz, M., Can, Z., Karaman, Ü. and Korkmaz, K. 2017. Antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and phenolic and chemical contents of Physalis peruviana L. from Trabzon, Turkey. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 53: 213-217.
13.Farhadi, Kh., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Hatami, M., Forough, M. and Molaie, R. 2016. “Determination of phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity in skin, pulp, seed, cane and leaf of five native Grape cultivars in west Azerbaijan province, Iran. Food Chemistry, 199: 847-855.
14.Fazeli-Nasab, B., Rahnama, M. and Mazarei, A. 2017. Correlation between antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of nine medicinal plant extracts. Journal of Mazandaran University Medical Science, 27 (149): 63-78.
15.Ghasemi-Pirbalouchi, A., Jahanbaz,i P. and Enteshari, S. 2010. Antimicrobial activity of some iranian medicinal plants. Archives of Biological Sciences, 62(3): 633-642.
16.Gholami, A., Arabestani, M.R. and Ahmadi, M. 2016. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Allium jesdianum plant on a number of pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics. Pajouhan Scientific Journal, 14 (4): 18-26.
17.Hoshani, M., Mianabadi, M., Aghdasi, M. and Azim Mohseni, M. 2012. An investigation of antioxidant activity of Physalis alkekengi methanolic extracts in different phenolegical stages. Journal of Plant Biology, 4: 101-14.
18.Jena, P., Mohanty, S., Mallick, R., Jacob, B. and Sonawane, A. 2012. Toxicity and antibacterial assessment of chitosancoated silver nanoparticles on human pathogens and macrophage cells. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 7: 1805-1818.
19.Jouda, M.M. 2013. The Antibacterial effect of some medicinal plant extracts and their synergistic effect with antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5(2): 23-33.
20.Khosravi, A.D. and Behzadi, A. 2006. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the seed Hull of Quercus Branti on some Gram Negative Bacteria. Pakistan Journal Medical Sciences, 22: 429-32.
21.Khosravi, S., rezayatmand, Z. and Ghiasian, M. 2020. Study of antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of aqueous and alcoholic extract of plant (Lawsonia inermis, punica granatum, walnut, Myrtus) on gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Applied Biology, 10 (3): 1-17.
22.Koohsari, H., Ghaemi, E.A., Sheshpoli, M.S., Jahedi, M. and Zahiri, M. 2015. The investigation of antibacterial activity of selected native plants from north of Iran. Journal of Medicine and life, 8: 38-42.
23.Majhenic, L., Skerget, M., and Knez, Z. 2007. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of guarana seed extracts. Food Chemistry, 104: 1258-1268.
24.Meda, A., Lamien, C.E., Romito, M., Millogo, J. and Nacoulma, O.G. 2005. Determination of the total phenolic, flavonoid and pralin contents in Burkina Fasan honey, as well as their scavenging activity. Food Chemistry, 91: 571-577.
25.Melo, J.O., Fachin, A.L., Rizo, W.F., Jesus, H.C., Arrigoni-Blank, M.F. and Alves, P.B. 2014. Cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Lippia gracilis Schauer genotypes on HeLa, B16, and MCF-7 cells and normal human fibroblasts. Genetics and Molecular Research, 13(2): 2691-7.
26.Mianabadi, M., Hoshani, M. and Salmanian, S. 2015. Antimicrobial and anti-oxidative effects of methanolic extract of Dorema aucheri Boiss. Journal of Agriculture Science Technology, 17: 623-634.
27.Miliauskas, G., Venskutonis, P.R. and Vanbeek, T.A. 2005. Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chemistry, 85: 231-237.
28.Mirzaie, A., Shandiz, S., Ataollah, S. and Noorbazargan, H. 2016. Evaluation of chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial,cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Aloysia citrodora extract on colon cancer cell line. Tehran University of Medicinal Journal, 74(3): 168-176.
29.Mita, S., Murano, N., Akaike, M. and Nakamura, K. 1997. Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with pleiotropic effects on the expression of the gen for beta-amylase and on the accumulation of anthocyanin that is inducible by sugars. Plant Journal, 11: 841-851.
30.Mujeeb, F., Bajpai, P. and Pathak, N. 2014. Phytochemical evaluation, antimicrobial. activity, and determination of bioactive components from leaves of Aegle marmelos. BioMed Research International, 1-12.
31.National committee for clinical laboratory standards. 2000. Methods for dilution antimicrobia susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically (5th Ed.). Approved standard, M7-A5. Pennsylvania: Wayne.
32.Negi, P.S., Jayaprakasha, G.K. and Jena, B.S. 2003. Antioxidant and anti- mutagenic activities of pomegranate peel extracts. Food Chemistry, 80: 393-397.
33.Oroojalian, F., Kermanshahi, K., Azizi, M. and Bassami, M.R. 2010. Phytochemical composition of the essential oils from three Apiaceae species and their antibacterial effects on food-borne pathogens. Food Chemistry, 120: 765-770.
34.Palmieri, A.B., Amaral, A.M., Homem, R.A., and Machado, M.A. 2010. Differential expression of pathogenicity and virulence-related genes of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri under copper stress. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 33(2): 348-353.3.
35.Pourmorad, F., Hosseinimehr, S.J. and Shahabimajd, N. 2006. Antioxidant activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5: 1142-1145.
36.Saki, K., Bahmani, M. and Rafieian-Kopaei, M. 2014. The effect of most important medicinal plants on two important psychiatric disorders (anxiety and depression)-a review. Asian Pac Journal Trop of Medicinal, 7: 34-42.
37.Sharma, N., Bano, A., Dhaliwal, S.H., and Sharma, V. 2015. Prespectives and possibilities of Indian species of genus (Physalis) a comprehensive review. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 2(2): 326-35.
38.Shu, Z., Xing, N., Wang, Q., Li, X., Xu, B., Li, Z. and Kuang, H. 2016. Antibacterial and anti-Inflammatory activities of Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii and its main constituents. Evidence - Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1: 1-10.
39.Zarei-Yazdeli, M., Seyed Ebrahimi, S.A., Alipanah, H. and Noori, M. 2020. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of ethanoloic and methanoloic extracts of Dracocephalum kotschyi and Mazouj galls. Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences, 24(3): 293-301.
40.Zhang, C.Y., Luo, J.G., Liu, R.H., Lin, R., Yang, M.H. and Kong, L.Y. 2016. H NMR spectroscopy-guided isolation of newsucrose esters from Physalis alkekengi var.franchetii and their antibacterial activity. Fitoterapia, 114: 138-143.