Evaluation of diversity in some morphological characteristics and essential oil antioxidant activity among of wild-growing populations of Golpar Heracleum persicum Desf. ex Fischer، from Northwest of Iran

Subject Areas : Medicinal Plants

maryam rezapour ¹ , Mohammad Fattahi ²

1 - MSc. student, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

Received: 2017-04-25 Accepted : 2018-05-01 Published : 2018-08-23

Keywords: Antioxidant, Heracleum persicum, Morphological variation, west north of Iran, Essential oil,

Abstract :

Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer. Is belongs to Apiaceae family, which has been used as a spice and food flavor, pickles agent and anti-worm, carminative, appetizer, and diuretic properties in Iranian traditional medicine. Morphological variation among eight wild-growing populations of Heracleum persicum including Ahar, Kalibar, Marmishou, Silvana, Gardane hairan, Asalem, Aynalou, Meshkinshahr were studied in west North of Iran. In present work, 16 traits of this plant were applied for classifying samples by means of cluster and principal component analysis (PCA). Moreover phytochemical indices including essential oil (EO) % and antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP methods) were evaluated. The seed essential oil was obtained by water distillation (Clevenger apparatus), based on cluster analysis populations and were categorized in three groups. The results were showed that the highest and lowest percentage of essential oils was recorded in Aynalou and Meshkinshahr (5.8%) and Silvana (3 %) respectively. Also, the Maximum and the lowest antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP was belonged to Meshkinshahr and Gardaneheiran with 67.09% and 58.98 (µmol Fe++ /g DW) and Aynaloo and Asalem with 47.30 % and 15.52 (µmol Fe++ /g DW) respectively. Considering that the Meshkinshahr population with the highest antioxidant activity, maximum number of umbel and essential oil  percentage, it was introduced as the elite genotype for priority projects of breeding and alsoas medicinally valuable source to local market consumption.

References:

1. Andi, S.A., Nazeri, V., Zamani, Z. and Hadian, J. 2011. Morphological diversity of wild Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany, 17: 211-221.


2. Asgarpanah, J., Mehrabani, D., Ahmadi, M., Ranjbar, R. and Ardebily, M.S.A. 2012. Chemistry, pharmacology and medicinal properties of Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex fischer: a review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(10): 1813-1820.


3. Bert, P.F., Jouan, I., De Labrouhe, D.T., Serre, F., Philippon, J., Nicolas, P. and Vear, F. 2003. Comparative genetic analysis of quantitative traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). 2. Characterisation of QTL involved in developmental and agronomic traits. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 107(1), pp.181-189.


4. Butola, S., Vashistha, K., Malik, R. and Samant, S. 2010. Assessment of inter-population variability in Heracleum candicans wall with emphasis on seed characteristics and germination behavior. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(15): 1523-1534.


5. Çirak, C., Sağlam, B., Ayan, A.K. and Kevseroğlu, K. 2006. Morphogenetic and diurnal variation of hypericin in some Hypericum species from Turkey during the course of ontogenesis. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 34(1): 1-13.


6. Davari, M. and Ezazi, R. 2017. Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Zhumeria majdae, Heracleum persicum and Eucalyptus sp. against some important phytopathogenic fungi. Journal de mycologie medicale, 27(4): 463-468.


7. Ebadollahi, A., Zavieh, E.A., Nazifi, A., Sendi, J.J., Farjaminezhad, M., Samadzadeh, A. and Tajmiri, P. 2014. Chemical composition and bio-pesticidal values of essential oil isolated from the seed of Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer (Apiaceae). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(4): 1166-1174.


8. Firuzi, O., Asadollahi, M., Gholami, M. and Javidnia, K. 2010. Composition and biological activities of essential oils from four Heracleumspecies. Food chemistry, 122(1): 117-122.


9. Ghahraman, A. 1996. The Scientific Names of 2000 Plants in Iranian Color Flora. First Edition. Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute, 347p .(In Persian).


10. Hadian, J., Mirjalili, M.H., Ganjipoor, N. and Salehnia, A. 2011. Morphological and phytochemical characterization of natural populations of Satureja khuzestanica. Chemistry and Biodiversity, 8: 902-915.


11. Hajhashemi, V., Sajjadi, S.E. and Heshmati, M. 2009. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Heracleum persicum essential oil and hydroalcoholic extract in animal models. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 124(3): 475-480.


12. Hajhashemi, V., Dashti, G., Saberi, S. and Malekjamshidi, P. 2014. The effect of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Heracleum persicum on lipid profile in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine, 4(3): 144.


13. Hemati, A., Azarnia, M. and Angaji, A.H. 2010. Medicinal effects of Heracleum persicum (Golpar). Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 5(3): 174-176.


14. Karuppusamy, S. and Muthuraja, G. 2010. Radical scavenging activities of Heracleum aquilegifolium Wight (Apiaceae) fruit oils in vitro. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C.a Journal of Biosciences, 65(11-12): 653-659.


15. Mehrpur, S., Mirzaie-Nadoushan, H., Majd, A. and Sefidkon, F. 2002. Karyotypic studies of two Thymus species. Cytologia, 67: 343-349.


16. Mozaffarian, V. 2007. Iran Flora Apiaceae family. Research Institute forests and rangelands, 580p.


17. Nakajima, J.I., Tanaka, I., Seo, S., Yamazaki, M. and Saito, K. 2004. LC/PDA/ESI-MS profiling and radical scavenging activity of anthocyanins in various berries. BioMed Research International, 5: 241-247.


18. Naghavi, M.R., Qria'is, B. And Hosseini Solehkadeh, A.H. 2005. Molecular markers. Tehran University, 334 p.(In Persian).


19. Neel, M.C. and Ellstr, N.C. 2003. Conservation of genetic diversity in the endangered plant Eriogonum ovalifolium var. vineum (Polygonaceae). Conservation Genetics, 37: 352-354.


20. Nickavar, B. and Abolhasani, F.A. 2009. Screening of antioxidant properties of seven Umbelliferae fruits from Iran. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1: 22(1).


21. Ottai, M.E.S. and Abdel-Moniem, A.S.H. 2006. Genetic parameter variations among milk thistle, Silybum marianum varieties and varietal sensitivity to infestation with seed-head weevil, Larinus latus Herbst. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6: 862-866.


22. Pandotra, P. and Gupta, S. 2015. Biotechnological Approaches for Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge. In Plant Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge for Food Security (pp. 121-135). Springer Singapore.


23. Pavlova, K. and Vasileva, V. 2010. Variation in morphology of Teucrium polium aggr. populations in Bulgaria. Central European Journal of Biology, 5(6): 880-887.


24. Radjabian, T., Salimi, A., Rahmani, N., Shockravi, A. and Mozaffarian, V. 2013. Essential oil composition of some wild populations of Heracleum persicum Desf. Ex Fischer growing in Iran. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 16(6): 841-849.


25. Ram, G., Bhan, M.K., Gupta, K.K., Thaker, B., Jamwal, U., and Pal, S. 2005. Variability pattern and correlation studies in Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.Fitoterapia, 76: 143-147.


26. Rezakhanlo, A., Talebi, S.M. 2010. Trichomes morphology of Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl. (Labiatae) of Iran. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2): 3755–3763.


27. Sayyah, M., Moaied, S. and Kamalinejad, M. 2005. Anticonvulsant activity of Heracleum persicum seed. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 98(1): 209-211.


28. Srivastava, A.K. and Singh, S. 2007. Analysis of citrus orchard efficiency in relation to soil properties. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 30(12): 2077-2090.


29. Yavari, A.R., Nazeri, V., Sefidkon, F. and Hasani, M.E. 2010. Survey of some aspects of ecological, morphological and thyme essential oil of Azerbaijan (Thymus migricus). Iran Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 26(2): 227-238.


30. Yavari, A.R., Nazeri, V., Sefidkon, F. and Hassani M.E. 2011. Study on some ecological factors, morphological traits, ploidy levels and essential oil composition of Thymus pubescens Boiss. and Kotschyex Celak in two natural regions of East Azerbaijan province. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 26(4): 500-512.


31. Zargari, A. 1988. Medicinal plants. Tehran University. Press Iran, 619 p.(In Persian)


32. Zugic, A., Ðordevic, S., Arsic, I., Markovic, G., Zivkovic, J., Jovanovic, S., and Tadic, V. 2014. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in 10 selected herbs from Vrujci Spa, Serbia. Industrial Crops and Products, 52: 519-527.