Effect of phenological stage, drying method and distillation duration on the yield of essential oils in Salvia macrosiphon and Marrubium vulgare
Subject Areas : Chemistry and analysis of natural compoundsNajmeh Eskandari Damaneh 1 , Majid Ajorlo 2 , Ahmad Pahlavanravi 3 , منصور غفاری مقدم 4
1 - University of Jiroft
2 - 1Department of Rangeland and Watershed Management, Faculty of Water and Soil, University of Zabol, Iran
3 - Department of Range and Watershed Management, University of Zabol
4 - دانشگاه زابل - دانشکده علوم
Keywords: Distillation with water, drying method of medicinal plants, flowering stage, seeding stage, vegetative growth stage, Dalfard region in Jiroft city,
Abstract :
The yield of medicinal plant essential oil can differ based on genetic and physiological characteristics, phenological stage, geographical location of the habitat, drying method and duration of extraction. This study aimed to investigate the quantitative and qualitative changes in the essential oils of Salvia macrosiphon and Marrubium vulgare in different phenology stages, to determine the most suitable drying method and the duration of distillation with water. Sampling was carried out in the rangelands of Delfard region of Jiroft city by random method in three phenological stages of vegetative growth, flowering and seeding in three habitats. The essential oils of the samples were extracted by distillation with water and the chemical components of the essential oils were characterized by the GC/MS. In both species, the highest yield of essential oil was in the flowering stage and the lowest yield was in the seeding stage (P0.05). 34 and 20 chemical compounds were identified in the essential oil of M. vulgare and S. macrosiphon, respectively. The highest efficiency of essential oil was in the samples dried in the shade and the lowest efficiency was related to the samples dried in the oven. The yield of essential oil in the shade-dried samples was 33.3% and 62.3% more than the yield of essential oil in sun and oven dried samples, respectively. The yield of essential oil was the highest in 3 hours distillation and the lowest in 1 hour (P<0.05). The flowering stage (mid-May) is the most suitable time to harvest the aerial parts of both species in the rangelands of Delfard region in Jiroft city. The best method to dry the medicinal organs of the species is shade, and the most suitable distillation duration is 3 hours.
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