Qualitative Evaluation of Urban Square Morphology Based On HSE and AGE Models

Subject Areas :

hamid  Danesh pajouh ¹ (Ph. D student of Urban Planning, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
hamid  Majedi ² (Professor of Urban Planning, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)
Zahra Sadat  Seyyede Zarabadi ³ (Associated Professor of Urban Planning, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran)

Received: 2017-11-25 Accepted : 2018-03-14 Published : 2020-05-21

Keywords: urban square, social node, QRM matrix, HSE method, AGE method,

Abstract :

Due to the social nature of man, urban spaces such as squares are considered to be the most important manifestations of social nodes in urban life. While these squares take historical forms, they have such special place and time significance that cognitive documentation of this phenomenon as a major pillar of urban spaces can be used to qualitatively identify squares and public realms that are the foundation of social interaction. In order to have the knowledge of their morphological evaluation to express design principles, consulting with urban design experts is a must. The traditional evaluation of the urban square, due to its specific qualitative dimensions, was considered as a qualitative judgment which often had a high error rate in the survey, so the majority of the studies, generally, are qualitative and based on pure analysis. The purpose of the current research is the phenomenological recognition and qualitative analysis of urban space. Using a combination of several methods, first, the field element in the quality recognition matrix and the six Wolfrum criteria as well as sixteen urban squares were selected from the European cities, In the first stage, by means of Human Subjective Evaluation and Normalized AccumulatedQuality Graph Output, the numerical value was accumulated and then analyzed using the Automatic Geography Evaluation method. Finally, examining the correlation of these two methods led to the qualitative measurement of these urban elements. First, the selected ones were evaluated through HSE method analysis and NAQ extraction primary evaluation about human approach oriented was done. Second, using the AGE method in the analysis, the researchers evaluated the next step of that up to geometrical automotive and correlation between them.  The results of the present study showed that this urban element had many dimensions to be quantitatively extracted. Last, all of the models for evaluation of square qualities in this study are considered the primary step to help the researchers have a functional standard draft while designing.          

References:

 

1-     توسلی، م. 1371. طراحی فضای شهری- فضا‌های شهری و جایگاه آنها در زندگی و سیمای شهر. جلد اول. چاپ اول. مرکز مطالعات و تحقیقات شهرسازی و معماری ایران. 77 صفحه.

2-     حقیریان، ش.، سجادزاده، ح.، کریمی مشاور، م.1395. اولویت بصری میدان‌های شهری از منظر کاربران ( نمونه موردی: میدان‌های شهر همدان)، فصلنامه آمایش محیط، شماره35: 23-43 .

3-     فاطمی، ن. و طبیبیان، م.1398. رهیافتی بر معیار‌های بازآفرینی فضا‌های عمومی با تأکید بر رفتار اجتماعی شهروندان(نمونه موردی: خیابان‌های شاخص حوزه میانی غربی شهر مشهد) فصلنامه آمایش محیط، شماره46: 177- 197.

4-     گل، ی،.1387.زندگی در فضای میان ساختمان‌ها، ترجمه شیما شصتی، تهران، سازمان انتشارات جهاد دانشگاهی تهران. 198 صفحه.

5-     علیپور، د. و شهابیان، پ.1398. ارزیابی عوامل مؤثر بر رضایتمندی از کیفیت محیطی محلات مسکونی، فصلنامه آمایش محیط، شماره46: 21-39.

6-      Bacon, E. N.1977.Design of Cities, London 1992, p. 19.; Bahrdt, Hans Paul: Die moderne Großstadt. Sozio-logische Überlegungen zum Städtebau, Reinbek bei Hamburg 1961, p. 39.; Mumford, Lewis: The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects (1961), San Diego, New York, London 1989, pp. 114–118.; Sebald, W.G.: Vertigo, New York 2000, p. 52.; Sennett, Richard: The Fall of Public Man, (1974), Cambridge, London, Melbourne, pp.38–41.

7-      Benjamin, W.1936. ‘The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technical Reproducibility’, in: Benjamin, Walter: Selected Writings,3: 1935–1938

8-      Corbusier, L.1931.Towards a new architecture, Courier Corporation.pp. 40-43

9-      Deutinger, T.2014. Pedro Rey Antón: ‘Squares’, in Mark 48 (2014), pp. 44–45.

10-  Hahn, A.2011. ‘Das Entwer- fen’, in Architekturtheorie, Vienna 2008, pp. 178–206.

11-  Klaus, H.2011.Theorien des Performa- tiven. Sprache –Wissen– Praxis, Eine kritische Bestandsauf- nahme, Bielefeld, p. 44.

12-  Hillier, B., Hanson, J.1984.The social logic of space. Cambridge University Press. p. 45

13-  Hoesli, B.1968.‘Transpa-rente Formorganisation als Mittel des Entwurfes’ (1982), in Colin Rowe and Robert Slutzky (eds), Transparenz, Zurich, p. 91.

14-  Isaacs, R.2000.The urban picturesque: an aesthetic experience of urban pedestrian places. J. Urban. Des. 5(2):145–180

15-  Jiang, B., Claramunt, C.2002.Integration of space syntax into gis: new perspectives for urban morphology. Trans. GIS. 6(3):295–309

16-  Lefebvre, H.1974.The Production of Space, Oxford 1992 (La production de l’espace, Paris 1974). p. 211

17-  Maak, N.2014.‘Stehen lassen’ in Frankfurter Allge- meine Sonntagszeitung, 26. 8. 2012, p. 23, as quoted by Christopher Dell: Das Urbane, Berlin, p. 10.

18-  Plessner, H.1975.Die Stufen des Organischen und der Mensch, Berlin, New York 1975, 292.

19-  Sitte, C.1986.City planning according to artistic principles. Rizzoli

20-  Taylor, N.2009.Legibility and aesthetics in urban design. J. Urban. Des. 14(2):189–20

21-  Wolfrum, S. 2015, Squares, Urban Spaces in Europe, Birkhäuser Verlag GmbH, Basel, Switzerland.