A comparative study of the concepts of hope and despair in the poetry of Ebrahim Toukhan and the Mahdi Akhavan Sales (based on Freud's psychoanalysis)

Subject Areas : شعر

khadijeh safari kansari ^{1 *} , mohammad reza beigi ² , mehdi mohammadi ³

1 - Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University, Tehran, iran.
2 - Assistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Payame Noor University, Tehran, iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University, Tehran, iran.

Received: 2023-02-26 Accepted : 2023-05-06 Published : 2025-12-01

Keywords: Socio-political poetry, hope, Freud&#039, s psychoanalysis, Ebrahim Toukhan, Mahdi Akhavan Sales,

Abstract :

Hope and despair are concepts as old as human history. In parallel with the presence of such concepts, human reflection and thinking has been focused on them many times, and finally, in the humanities of the new age, it has shown analyzes and remarkable achievements. Among them, Art and literature, on the one hand, and psychoanalysis, on the other, have been a means of showing individual and social human hopes and aspirations; Undoubtedly, one of the ways to recognize such a presence is a comparative reading of literary works. For this purpose, in this article, with a comparative method and based on a descriptive-analytical approach, we try to examine the manifestations of hope and despair in the poetry of Ibrahim Touqan Palestine and Mehdi Akhavan Sales. The theoretical background of this comparative reading can be extracted from the context of Freudian psychoanalysis. According to Freud, hope is associated with a form of expectation builds identity, and despair with the inner and often subconscious concept of personality anxiety. The findings of this study show that Toughan's poetry appears more hopeful than the Akhavan's poetry. But for both poets, the social and political aspects and the struggle against the suffocation caused byry. a and their hope is not out of illusion and despair, but out of absolute despair, but in the hidden layers of poetry can be seen from the aspect The creative psychoanalysis of an audience spoke that the purpose of poetry is to rehabilitate his collective, political desires and dreams.