Effect of planting date and halt irrigation on some seed morphological, germination and vigour traits of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Kowsar (M7) commercial cultivar

Subject Areas : Crop Production Research

Siyamak Azizkhani ¹ , Jahanfar Daneshian ² , Ghasem . Tohidloo ³ , Aydin Hamidi ⁴

1 - M.Sc. graduated, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resouces, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2 - Research Professor of Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Karaj, Iran.
3 - Assisstant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural resouces, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
4 - spcri, iran

Received: 2023-06-12 Accepted : 2023-09-13 Published : 2024-11-17

Keywords: Germination, Planting date, Soybean, Water deficit stress,

Abstract :

In order to investigate the effect of planting date and water deficit stress applied on mother plants of soybean Kowsar (M7) commercial cultivar seed some morphological, germination and vigour traits an experiment was conducted as factorial and based on a completely randomized design with 3 replications in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) research field and Seed and Plant Certification and registration Institute (SPCRI) seed analysis laboratory at Karaj. The experimental factors were including the water deficit stress applied to the mother plants with three levels of irrigation after 50(without stress), 100 (moderate stress), and 150 (sever stress) mm evaporation from the class A evaporation pan, and two planting dates of the mother plants, ne 21 May and 21 June. The results of the standard germination test indicate that on the planting date of June 21st, qualitative characteristics related to germination of seeds had decreased with the increase of water deficit stress levels, and in the severe stress treatment, the seeds mean germination time increased and coefficient of velocity of germination decreased. They had more fecundity and lower germination rate. The seeds grew and developed in sever water deficit stress traits such as seedling length with 15%, dry and wet weight of seedling with 25% reduction had the lowest vigour. This is despite the fact that on the date of planting on the 21st July, in most of the evaluated traits, the stress of water shortage did not have any adverse effect on the quality of the seeds. The morphological traits evaluation showed that the increase in stress reduces the size of the seeds. The highest and lowest weight of 1,000 seeds belonged to the seeds obtained from the planting date of June 21st, without water deficit stress treatment, and in the 21st June planting date and severe water deficit stress, respectively. Seed grew and developed on 21st June planting date and without water deficit stress treatment had the lowest electrical conductivity and with the increase in water deficit stress severity, the seed cell membrane leakage increased. The research results show the seeds obtained from the plants planted on the planting date of July 21st showed a better response in water deficit stress conditions.