Investigating the Relationship between Premature Menopause and Vitamin D Deficiency in Shahrood City

Subject Areas : Journal of Animal Biology

Samane Abedi ¹ , Samanee Jalali ² , Elahe Jalali ^{3 *}

1 - Department of Medicine, Shahroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahroud, Iran
2 - Department of Medicine, Shahroud Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahroud, Iran
3 - Department of Chemistry, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran

Received: 2024-04-02 Accepted : 2024-06-05 Published : 2025-01-12

Keywords: Premature menopause, Vitamin D, Infertility, Women, Shahrood,

Abstract :

Due to the importance of this micronutrient in various diseases, the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its adverse effects on women's health and especially its effect on the female reproductive system, the existence of basic studies on the role of vitamin D in the reproductive system and in particular the lack of sufficient studies on the biological role of vitamin D on menopause, the present study was conducted to determine the role of vitamin D deficiency in premature menopause because if the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and premature menopause is proven, premature menopause and its irreversible complications can be prevented in these individuals by prescribing adequate amounts of vitamin D and recommending adequate exposure to sunlight. We conducted a case-control study in Shahroud on women with premature menopause who were referred to gynecologists' offices. We selected 21 women who had premature menopause as a case group and 40 women who did not have premature menopause as a control group and measured vitamin D levels in all of these people. 64.1% of people with low vitamin D levels did not have premature menopause and 35.9% of people with low vitamin D levels had premature menopause. Also, 68.2% of women with normal vitamin D levels did not have premature menopause, and 31.8% of people who had premature menopause with normal levels of vitamin D. There was no significant relationship between premature menopause and vitamin D levels according to the t-test. There was also no significant relationship between vitamin D deficiency and premature menopause in terms of age, education level, income level, and BMI. No significant relationship was observed between premature menopause and vitamin D levels. Due to the important role of vitamin D in the body and the importance of premature menopause and infertility, further study in this field is recommended.

References:

1. Ersoy E., Ersoy A.O., Yildirim G., Buyukkagnici U., Tokmak A., Yilmaz N. 2016. Vitamin D Levels in Patients with Premature Ovarian Failure. Ginekol Pol, 87(1):32-36.
2. Irani M., Mirzaei K., Maleki N., Entezari E. 2017. The role of vitamin D in male and female reproductive health: a review study. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 20(3):98-109.
3.Jukic A.M.Z., Steiner A.Z., Baird D.D. 2015. Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and ovarian reserve in premenopausal women. Menopause, 22(3):312-316.
4. Kebapcilar A.G., Kulaksizoglu M., Kebapcilar L., Gonen M. S., Ünlü A., Topcu A., Demirci, F., Taner C.E. 2013. Is there a link between premature ovarian failure and serum concentrations of vitamin D, zinc, and copper? Menopause, 20(1):94-99.
5. Maghalian M., Hasanzadeh R., Mirghafourvand M. 2022. The effect of oral vitamin E and omega-3 alone and in combination on menopausal hot flushes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Post Reproductive Health, 28(2):93-106.
6. Moradzadeh K., Larijani B., Keshtkar A., Hossein Nezhad A., Rajabian R., Nabipoor I. 2006. Normal values of Vitamin D and prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among Iranian population. Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 10(4):22-42
7. Mulhall S., Andel R., Anstey K.J. 2018. Variation in symptoms of depression and anxiety in midlife women by menopausal status. Maturitas, 108:7-12.
8. Prudue-Smithe A.C., Whitcomb B.W., Szegda K.L., Boutot M.E., Manson J. E., Hankinson S. E., Rosner B.A., Troy L.M., Michels K.B., Bertone-Johnson E.R. 2017. Vitamin D and calcium intake and risk of early menopause. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 105(6):1493-1501.
9. Recker R.R., Lappe J.M., Davies M., Kimmel D. 2018. Perimenopausal bone histomorphometry before and after menopause. Bone, 108:55-61.
10. Searles S., Makarewicz J.A., Dumas J.A. 2018. The role of estradiol in schizophrenia diagnosis and symptoms in postmenopausal women. Schizophrenia research, 196:35-38.
11. Siyam T., Sultani H., Ross S., Chatterley T., Yuksel N. 2017. Evaluating the content and development of decision aid tools for the management of menopause: A scoping review. Maturitas, 106:80-86.
12. Sun N., Xing J., Li L., Han, X.Y., Man J., Wang H.Y., Lv D.M. 2018. Impact of menopause on quality of life in community-based women in china: 1 year follow-up. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 32(2):224-228.
13. Welt C.K. 2020. Management of spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency (premature ovarian failure). Dostupno na: https://www. uptodate. com/contents/management-of-spontaneousprimary-ovarian-insufficiency-premature-ovarianfailure, 2-150.