Investigation of the Effect of Mobile Electromagnetic Waves on Prolactin Hormone in Rats

Subject Areas : Journal of Animal Biology

Kh. Safavi Naeini ¹ , Z. Ebrahimi ²

1 - Department of Midwifery, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan,, Iran
2 - MSc in Medical Engineering

Received: 2018-02-18 Accepted : 2018-09-23 Published : 2018-11-22

Keywords: Rat, Mobile, Prolactin, electromagnetic wave,

Abstract :

In the present modern life, using mobile phones is remarkable. The prolactin hormone is a peptide, secreted from the front of the pituitary gland and it is called so due to its role in lactation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of mobile phone waves on the prolactin hormone. In this study, 35 adult female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, each containing 7 rats. Experimental groups 1 and 2 were exposed to mobile waves (in conversation) for 3 and 6 hours, respectively for 7 days. Sham groups 1 and 2 were exposed to mobile phones for only 7 days (no conversation), and rats in the control group who received no waves for 7 days. The serum samples were collected and the prolactin hormone was measured by Eliza method. The data was analyzed using SPSS and ANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant reduction (p≤0.05) in the mean concentration of prolactin hormone between the control groups and the group that was exposed to 3 hours of mobile phone on, between the control group and the 6-hour mobile phone on group, and between the control groups and the 3-hour mobile group in conversation, between the control group and the 6-hour mobile group in conversation, between the 3-hour mobile phone on group and the 6-hour mobile phone group in conversation, between the 6-hour mobile phone on group and the 6-hour mobile phone group in conversation. Research results indicate a significant reduction in the concentration of prolactin hormone in the groups affected by the waves from the mobile phone. The longer the duration of exposure to waves, the severity of side effects will also increase. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and ANOVA. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the mean concentration of prolactin hormone between the control groups and the group of 3 hours of mobile phone on, between the control group and the 6-hour mobile phone on group, and between the control groups and the 3-hour mobile group in conversation, between the control group and the 6-hour mobile group in conversation, between the 3-hour mobile phone on group and the 6-hour mobile phone group in conversation, between the 6-hour mobile phone on group and the 6-hour mobile phone  group in conversation. The results of this study indicate a significant decrease in the concentration of prolactin hormone in the groups affected by the waves from the mobile phone, so the longer the duration of exposure to waves, the severity of side effects will also increase.

References:

1-  حسینی، ا.، 1385. فیزیولوژی اعصاب و غدد درون ریز. انتشارات راهگشا، صفحات 150-30.

2-   رضائی زاده روکرد، م.، 1390. بررسی اثر امواج مایکروویو حاصل از موبایل بر سطح هورمون­های تیروئیدی ،کورتیزول و پاراتورمون سرم موش صحرایی ماده بالغ و نابالغ. پایان­نامه کارشناسی­ارشد در رشته فیزیولوژی دانشکده دامپزشکی شیراز، صفحات 30-1.

3-  حمایت­خواه، و.، کریمی جشنی ح.، مصلی­نژاد، م.، جمالی ه.، ایزد پناه ،پ.، 1391. بررسی اثر امواج نشتی اجاق مایکروویو بر میزان هورمون­های جنسی در موش­های سوری نر نابالغ. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی فسا، سال دوم، شماره 1، صفحات 11-6.

4-  افتخاری ح، حائری روحانی ع، باباپور و، پریور ک، رنجبر عمرانی غ،1386 . بررسی اثر فرومون ها بر سطح پلاسمائی هورمون پرولاکتین در طی دوره های حاملگی و شیردهی در رت ماده. فصلنامه فیزیولوژی و فارماکولوژی ، سال یازدهم، شماره 2 ص 159-64.

5- بهارارا ج، مقیمی ع، موسوس س، 1388. اثرامواج تلفن همراه با فرکانس 940 مگاهرتز بر یادگیری و حافظه فضایی موش‌های آزمایشگاهی نژاد بالب‌سی. مجله ارمغان دانش . 14(2) ص53-64.

6-Ahangarpour A., Fathimoghaddam H., Tahmasebi M.J., Shahbazian H., 2009. Hypothalamic – pituitary - gonadal axis responses of the male rats to short and long time alternative magnetic fields (50 Hz) exposure. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 14(4): 231- 238.   

7-Ahlbom I.C., Cardis E., Green A., Linet M., Savitz D., Swerdlow A., 2001, Review of the Epidemiologic Literature on EMF and Health. Environmental Health Perspectives, 109(Suppl6): 911-33.

8- Cardis E., Richardson L., Deltour I., 2007. The Interphone study: design, epidemiological methods, and description of the study population. European Journal of Epidemiology, 22(9): 647-664.

9-Croft R.J. Chandler J.S., Burgess A.P., Barry R.J., Williams J.D., Clarke A.R., 2002. Acute mobile phone operation affects neural function in humans. Clinical Neurophysiology, 113(10): 1623-1632.    

10-Dai Q.I., Shu X.O., Li H., Yang G., 2010. Is Green Tea Drinking Associated With a Later Onset of Breast Cancer? Annals of Epidemiology; 20(1): 74–81.

11-Gutschi T., B. Mohamad Al‐Ali, Shamloul R., Pummer K., Trummer H., 2011. Impact of cell phone use on men’s semen parameters. Andrologia, 43(5): 312-316.

12-Hyland G., 2000. Physics and biology of mobile telephony, The Lancet, 356(9244):1833-6

13- Khurana V.G., Teo C., Kundi M., Hardell L., 2009. Cell phones and brain tumors: a review including thelong-term epidemiologic data. SurgicalNeurology, 72(1): 205–215.

14-McKinlay A.F., Allen S.G., Cox R., Dimbylow P.J., Mann S.M., Muirhead C.R., 2004. Review of the scientific evidence for limiting exposure to electromagnetic Fields. Document of the NRBP, 15(3): 74-124.          

15-Patel Hardik P., Gohil Priyanshee V., 2014. Pheromones in Animal World: Types, Detection and its Application. South African Journal of Botany, 2(1): 22-26.

16-Paulraj R., Behari J., 1997. Single strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells exposed to microwave radiation. Journal of Pineal Research. 22(3): 152-162.

17-Sahar M., Awad S., 2008. Health risks of electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone on brain of rat. Journal of Applied Sciences Research; 4(12): 1994 -2000.

18-Salford L.G., Henrietta N., Arne B., Gustav G., 2007. Nonthermal effects of EMF upon the mammalian brain. The Environmentalist. 27:493-500.

19-Sicard E., Delmas B.S., 2001. Introduction to GSM. 5th. Bedford Ma. Bed Fordma Techonline Publication, pp. 1-3.