Effect of Four Weeks of Aerobic Training and Triphala Supplementation on Levels of Lipid Profile and Body Composition in Obese and Overweight Girls
Subject Areas : Journal of Animal BiologyN. Bijeh 1 , F. Korepaz mashhadi 2 , F. Dareini 3
1 - Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 - Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
3 - Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Keywords: Lipid profile, Aerobic exercise, body composition, Triphala,
Abstract :
Supplementation by triphala along with aerobic exercises may affect obesity in various ways including increased metabolism. This study aimed at investigating the effect of four weeks of aerobic training with/without triphala supplementation on levels of lipid profile and body composition in obese and overweight girls. In this quasi-experimental study, 36 obese and overweight girls were selected based on certain criteria and randomly divided into four groups: 1) exercise + placebo 2) supplement 3) exercise + supplement 4) placebo. The first and the third groups performed the aerobic exercises for 4 weeks, and the second and third groups consumed 10 grams of triphala daily in the same period. Blood sampling and physical examination were performed to measure the variables 48 hours before and after the research's protocol. The data were analyzed by paired sample t test, one-way ANOVA and Tukey test at the significance level of 0.05. The present study significantly decreased lipid profiles including cholesterol (p = 0.0012), triglyceride (p = 0.039), low density lipoprotein (p = 0.001), high density lipoprotein (p = 0.004), very low density lipoprotein (p = 0.05), WC (p = 0.009) and body fat percent (p = 0.025) in the placebo + exercise group. Also, the significant decrease in fasting glucose index (p = 0.043), WHR (p = 0.001), WC (p = 0.042) and body fat percent (p = 0.001) was seen in the supplement group. Significant decrease was indicated in glucose level (P = 0.003), WC (p = 0.015), body fat percent (p = 0.001) and body mass index (p = 0.020) in the supplement + exercise group. Considering the significant reduction in body fat percentage and some anthropometric indices in the experimental groups, it was suggested that the obese girls use triphala supplement in addition to the aerobic exercises to improve their body composition.
1. Amirkhani Z., Azarbayjani M.A., Maghsoud Peeri H., Homaei M., 2017. Effect of Combining Resistance Training and Curcumin Supplementation on Lipid Profile in Obese Women. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 20(9): 24-32. [In Persian].
2. A.N Garg, Kumar A., Nair A.G.C., Reddy A.V.R., 2005. Determination of minor and trace elements in Trifala- a herbal preparation. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 263(3): 751-758.
3. Boutcher S.H., 2011. High-Intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss. Journal of Obesity. 24: 56-61.
4. Christine Tara P, Denniston K, Deepak Ch. Therapeutic Uses of Triphala in Ayurvedic Medicine. 1 Aug 2017. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 23: 8-12.
5. Ghasemi A., 1996. Farhang namhay iran. 34, Publishers Farhang-E Iran, Tehran, 157-169.
6. Hasani-Ranjbar S, Nayebi N, Moradi L, Mehri A., Larijani B., Abdollahi M., 2010. The efficacy and safety of herbal medicine used in the treatment of rabicrdemia; a systematic review. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 16(26): 2935-47. ]In Persian[
7. Heyman A., 2019. Exercise, Weight, and Sleep.Sleep in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities, Springer, 331-338.
8. Hoseini Kakhk S.A., Amiri P., Azarnioh M.S., Hamedinia M.R., 2011. The Effect of Resistance, Aerobic Exercise and untraining Lipid profile and CRP in Obese Girls. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 61(3): 188-197. ]In Persian[
9. Nasser M., Tibi A., Savage-Smith E., 2009. Ibn Sina’s Canon of medicine:11th century rules for assessing the effectsof drugs. The James Lind Library, 102(2): 78-80.
10. Kamali S.A., Hosseini Khabir S.J., Kamali S.H., Teymournejad A., Hasani-Ranjbar S., Karimiyan S., 2015. The use of Atrifel Sagir and its components in obesity. Medical Science, 24(4): 195-202. ]In Persian[
11. Kamali S.H., Khalaj A.R., Hasani-Ranjbar SH., Esfehani M.M., Kamalinejad M., Malayeri S., Kamali S.A., 2012. Efficacy of ‘Itrifal Saghir’, a combinationof three medicinal plants in the treatment of obesity; Arandomized controlled trial. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(1): 33-56.
12. Kamali S.H., khalaj A., hasani ranjbar SH, esfahani M.M., et al., 2013. The effect of "triphala" on three herbs in the treatment of obesity. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism, 12(6): 585-595. ]In Persian[
13. Kamali SH, Khalaj AR, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Esfe-hani MM, Kamalinejad M, Larijani B., 2012. Use of the triphala and its components in obesity. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 24(4):195-202.
14. Karacabey K., 2009. The effect of exercise on leptin, insulin, cortisol and lipid profiles in obesechildren. Journal of International Medical Research, 37(5): 1472-1478.
15. Karimi M., Rafraf M., Rashidi M., Jafari A., 2013. Effect of L-carnitine Supplementation with or Without Moderate Aerobic Training on Serum Lipid Profile and Body Fat Percentage in Obese Women. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 14(5): 445-454. ]In Persian[
16. King N.A., Snell L., Smith R.D., Blundell J.E., 1996. Effects of short-term exercise on appetite responses in unrestrained females. European journal of clinical nutrition, 50: 663-7.
17. Mahdihassan S., 1978. Triphala and its Arabic and Chinese synonyms. Indian Journal of Hist Science, 13(1): 50-55.
18.Maruthappan V.,Shree K.S., 2010. Hypolipidemic activity ofharitaki (Terminalia chebula) in atherogenic diet inducedhyperlipidemic rats. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research, 1: 229-235.
19. Mirheidari H., 1996. Maaref giahi. Farhang Eslami Publication, Tehran, 204-208.]In Persian[
20. Mohammadi Sh., Rajabi H., Motamedi P. Khaledi N., Abdollahi M., 2019. Effect of eight-week aerobic training with blood flow restriction on lipid profiles and body composition in obese adolescent boys. Sport Physiology and Management Investigations, 10(4): 89-100.
21. Nita S., Sunil M., S.K. Subramani, Dhananjay Y., Lokendra S., Prasad G.B.K.S., 2015. Triphala improves glucose homeostasis by alleviating atherogenic lipids and oxidative stress in human Type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine, 6(3): 212-219.
22. Patel D.K., Kumar R., Laloo D., Hemalatha S., 2012. Diabetesmellitus: An overview on its pharmacological aspects andreported medicinal plants having antidiabetic activity. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2: 411-420.
23. Patrick K., Raab F., Adams M.A., Dillon L., Zabin-ski M., Rock C.L., Griswold W.G., Norman G.J., 2009. A Text Message–Based Intervention for Weight Loss: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 11(1): 167-172.
24. Phadke A.S., 2007. A review on lipid lowering activities of Ayurvedic and other herbs. Natural Production Radiance, 6(1): 81-89.
25. Rahimian-Mashhad Z., Attarzade Hoseyni S.R., Aryannejhad J., 2010. The Effect of Aerobic Training and Diet on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Blood Pressure in Overweight and Obese women with Hypertension. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 12(4): 376-384. ]In Persian[
26. Ramezanpour M., Matboo M., Hejazi M., 2015. The effect of four weeks aerobic training with using L-carnitine supplement on lipid profile and blood glucose in diabetic men. Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 58(6): 316-321. ]In Persian[
27. Shaw K.A., Gennat H.C., O’Rourke P., Del Mar C., 2006. Exercise for overweight or obesity. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, No. CD003817.
28. Spiegelman B.M., Flier J.S., 2001. Obesity and the regula-tion of energy balance. Cell, 104(4): 531-543.
29. Strasser B., Siebert U., Schobersberger W., 2010. Resistance training in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of resistance training on metabolic clustering in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism. Sports Medicine, 40: 397-415.
30. Tofighi A., ghaffari Y., afsarbegi N., 2014. The effects of a selected aerobic exercise along with a controlled diet on weight loss in obese men. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, 9(2): 85-94. ]In Persian[
31. Yang M.H., Vasquez Y., Ali Z., 2013. Constituents from Terminalia species increase PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma levels and stimulate glucose uptake without enhancing adipocyte differentiation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 149: 490-498.