The Effectiveness of 8 Weeks of Aerobic Training on CT and TT Genotypes of rs2070744 Polymorphism of NOS3 Gene and Changes in Aerobic Performance of Untrained Women
Subject Areas : Journal of Animal Biologyhadis rahimi 1 , mania roozbayani 2 , abbas saremi 3
1 - Department of Physical Education, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
2 - Department of Physical Education, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
3 - Department of Physical Education, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
Keywords: CT and TT genotypes, NOS3, Aerobic exercise, Obesity, VO2max,
Abstract :
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of 8 weeks of aerobic training on the CT and TT genotypes of the rs2070744 polymorphism of the NOS3 gene and the changes in aerobic performance of untrained women. For this purpose, 29 inactive women aged 30 to 45 were randomly selected from volunteer women in Shahriar city. The subjects did 8 weeks of aerobic training with a frequency of 5 sessions per week and each session lasting 30 minutes with an intensity of 55 to 75% of the reserve heart rate, so that in the first two weeks with 55 to 65% of the maximum heart rate, in two weeks Second, they trained with 60 to 65% of the maximum heart rate and the last 4 weeks with 65 to 75% of the maximum heart rate. 10 minutes for warming up and 10 minutes for cooling down were considered in each training session. Bruce's 7-step test was used to determine VO2max before and after training.Then, among the subjects who were able to perform the desired test based on the researcher's expectation, saliva sampling was done for DNA sequencing to determine the genotypes. The RFLP method was used to determine the genotype. The results of the data analysis were analyzed using the dependent t-test and the results showed that the VO2max level in women with CT genotype was not significant before and after the exercise intervention (p = 0.015), the amount of VO2max in women who had the TT genotype was not significant before and after the exercise intervention (p = 0.110). In this research, it was shown that the significant improvement of Vo2max did not depend on their genotypic differences, and no significant relationship was observed between the CT and TT genotypes of the rs2070744 polymorphism of the NOS3 gene and the changes in aerobic performance of obese untrained women after 8 weeks of aerobic training.
1. Ben Ali M., Messaoudi S., Ezzine H., Mahjoub T. 2015. Contribution of eNOS variants to the genetic susceptibility of coronary artery disease in a tunisian population. Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers, 19(4):203-208.
2. Boidin M., Dawson E.A., Thijssen D.H., Erskine R.M. 2022. VEGFA rs2010963 GG genotype is associated with superior adaptations to resistance versus endurance training in the same group of healthy, young men. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 298(1):119-129.
3. Boraczyński T., Urniaż J. 2008. Changes in aerobic and anaerobic power indices in elite handball players following a 4-week general fitness mesocycle. Journal of Human Kinetics, 19(1):131-140.
4. Brutsaert T.D., Parra E.J. 2006. What makes a champion?: Explaining variation in human athletic performance. Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology, 151(2-3):109-123.
5. Büttner P., Mosig S., Lechtermann A., Funke H., Mooren F.C. 2007. Exercise affects the gene expression profiles of human white blood cells. Journal of applied physiology, 102(1):26-36.
6. Drozdovska S., Dosenko V., Ilyin V., Filippov M., Kuzmina L. 2009. Allelic polymorphism of endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS) association with exercise-induced hypoxia adaptation. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 1(1):13-19.
7. Duffy S.J., New G., Tran B.T., Harper R.W., Meredith I.T. 1999. Relative contribution of vasodilator prostanoids and NO to metabolic vasodilation in the human forearm. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 276(2):63-70.
8. Dumas S.J., Meta E., Borri M., Luo Y., Li X., Rabelink T.J. 2021. Phenotypic diversity and metabolic specialization of renal endothelial cells. Nature Reviews: Nephrology, 17(7):441-464.
9. Eynon N., Ruiz J.R, Yvert T., Santiago C., Gómez-Gallego F., Lucia A.. 2012. The C allele in NOS3-786 T/C polymorphism is associated with elite soccer player’s status. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(07):521-524.
10. Gilligan D.M., Panza J.A., Kilcoyne C.M., Waclawiw M.A., Casino P.R., Quyyumi A.A. 1994. Contribution of endothelium-derived nitric oxide to exercise-induced vasodilation. Circulation, 90(6):2853-2858.
11. Gómez-Pinilla F., Dao L., So V. 1997. Physical exercise induces FGF-2 and its mRNA in the hippocampus. Brain Research, 764(1-2):1-8.
12. Hyndman M.E., Parsons H.G., Verma S., Bridge P.J., Edworthy S., Jones C., Lonn E., Charbonneau F., Anderson T.J. 2002. The T-786→C mutation in endothelial nitric oxide synthase is associated with hypertension. Hypertension, 39(4):919-922.
13. Lakka H.M., Lakka T.A., Rankinen T., Rice T., Rao D., Leon A.S., Skinner J.S., Bouchard C. 2006. The TNF-α G-308A polymorphism is associated with C-reactive protein levels: the HERITAGE Family Study. Vascular Pharmacology, 44(5):377-383.
14. Lucia A., Martin M., Esteve-Lanao J., San Juan A., Rubio J., Olivan J., Arenas J. 2006. C34T mutation of the AMPD1 gene in an elite white runner. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(3):e7.
15. Marsden P.A., Heng H., Scherer S., Stewart R., Hall A., Shi X. 1993. Structure and chromosomal localization of the human constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 268(23):17478-17488.
16. Mosleh M., Aljeesh Y.I., Dalal K. 2016. Burden of chronic disease in the Palestinian healthcare sector using disability-adjusted life years (DALY), Palestine. Diversity and Equality in Health and Care, 13(3):261-268.
17. Pi X., Xie L., Patterson C. 2018. Emerging roles of vascular endothelium in metabolic homeostasis. Circulation Research, 123(4):477-494.
18. Ren W., Yang X., Jiang X., Li Z., Zhang Z. 2010. Chronic hypoxia and exercise training affect the NO content and NOS activity of rat skeletal muscle. International SportMed Journal, 11(1):244-257.
19. Scott R.A., Wilson R.H., Goodwin W.H., Moran C.N., Georgiades E., Wolde B. 2005. Mitochondrial DNA lineages of elite Ethiopian athletes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 140(3):497-503.
20. Shesely E.G., Maeda N., Kim H.S., Desai K.M., Krege J.H., Laubach V.E. 1996. Elevated blood pressures in mice lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 93(23):13176-13181.
21. Sponton C.H., Esposti R., Rodovalho C.M., Ferreira M.J., Jarrete A.P., Anaruma C.P. 2014. The presence of the NOS3 gene polymorphism for intron 4 mitigates the beneficial effects of exercise training on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in adults. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 306(12):1679-1691.
22. Wolfarth B., Rankinen T., Mühlbauer S., Ducke M., Rauramaa R., Boulay M., et al. 2008. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism and elite endurance athlete status: the genathlete study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 18(4):485-490.
23. Yasujima M., Tsutaya S., Shoji M. 1998. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism and hypertension. Rinsho byori The Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology, 46(12):1199-1204.
24. Zanchi A., Moczulski D.K., Hanna L.S., Wantman M., Warram J.H., Krolewski A.S. 2000. Risk of advanced diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes is associated with endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism. Kidney International, 57(2):405-413.
25. Zhu X., Kong D., Zhang L., Sun Y., Na S., Han C. 2013. Correlation analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and the progression of immunoglobulin A nephropathy/membranous nephropathy. Human Pathology, 44(12): 2806-2813.
26. Zmijewski P., Cięszczyk P., Ahmetov I.I., Gronek P., Lulińska-Kuklik E., Dornowski M. 2018. The NOS3 G894T (rs1799983) and-786T/C (rs2070744) polymorphisms are associated with elite swimmer status. Biology of Sport, 35(4):313-319.