Effect of Black Radish Hydroalcoholic Extract on Kidney and Functional Kidney in Balb/c Mice

Subject Areas : Journal of Animal Biology

Maryam Karimi Dehkordi ¹ , Iman Jafari ² , Guzel Rahbar ³ , Munira Shafahi ⁴ , Forough Mohammadi ⁵

1 - Department of Veterinary, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 - Department of Veterinary, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
3 - Department of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
4 - Department of Biology, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran
5 - Department of Veterinary, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran

Received: 2022-06-14 Accepted : 2023-06-17 Published : 2024-02-20

Keywords: Mice, kidney, Hydro Alcoholic Extract, Black radish,

Abstract :

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of black radish (Raphanus sativua) on complete blood cell count and kidney function in mice. Forty white mice were divided into four equal groups. Mice in the control group received only saline solution and mice in the second to fourth groups received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg body weight of black radish plant extract, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection. After a 21-day trial period, blood samples were taken from the heart to count complete blood cells (hematocrit, hemoglobin, red and white blood cells) and urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum were measured. The results showed that treatment with black radish extract in any of the studied doses did not cause a significant change in blood cell count and nitrogen urea and creatinine (p < 0.05). These results were confirmed by histopathological examination of the kidney. Treatment of mice with horseradish extract resulted in a non-significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine compared to the control group. Also, with increasing the dose of the extract, the amount of urea nitrogen and creatinine in each group decreased compared to the previous group, although this decrease was not significant (p < 0.05). The results of the present study indicate the extract in the doses used in the study, is not nephrotoxic and it can be said that under physiological conditions, the use of hydroalcoholic extract of radish not only has no toxic effect on the kidney in high doses, but also has positive effects on kidney function.

References:

1. Agarwal K., Varma R. 2014. Radical scavenging ability and biochemical screening of a common Asian vegetable-Raphanus sativus L. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 27(1):127-134.


2. Alqasoumi S., Al-Yahya M., Al-Howiriny T.A.W.F.E.Q., Rafatullah, S.Y.E.D. 2008. Gastroprotective effect of radish``Raphanus sativus'' on experimental gastric ulcer models in rats. Farmacia-Bucuresti, 56(2):204.


3. Al-Timimi M.L.M., Hassan E.S., Al-Nafakh R.T., Lteef Alfadhul S.A., Mohammad A.R., 2019. Biochemical study of the protective effect of vitamin c and radish on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 13(4):436-440.


4. Aziz F.M., Hassan D.H. 2020. Radish juice promote kidney stone deposition in ethylene glycol-induced urolithiasis in rats. Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal, 4(1):57-61.


5. Bortis K. 2000. Principles of Clinical Biochemistry of Tate. Andisheh Rafi Publications, 2:449-568.


6. Castro‐Torres I.G., De la O‐Arciniega M., Gallegos‐Estudillo J., Naranjo‐Rodríguez E.B., Domínguez‐Ortíz M.Á., Raphanus sativus L. 2014. var niger as a source of phytochemicals for the prevention of cholesterol gallstones. Phytotherapy Research, 28:167-171.


7. Dai J., Mumper R.J. 2010. Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules, 15(10):7313-7352.


8. Dhahir M.R., AL-Naely A.J., 2022. Effect of alcoholic and nano-extract of red radish, Raphanus sativua on liver and kidney function in rats induced jaundiced. Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 9:148-160.


9. Goorani S., Shariatifar N., Seydi N., Zangeneh A., Moradi R., Tari B., Nazari F., Zangeneh M.M., 2019. The aqueous extract of Allium saralicum RM Fritsch effectively treat induced anemia: experimental study on Wistar rats. Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine, 19(4):403-413.


10. Ibrahim L.F., Elkhateeb .A., Marzouk M.M., Hussein S.R., Abdel-Hameed E.S.S., Kassem M.E. 2016. Flavonoid investigation, LC–ESI-MS profile and cytotoxic activity of Raphanus raphanistrum (Brassicaceae). Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 8(7):786-793.


11. Ishida M., Hara M., Fukino N., Kakizaki T., Morimitsu Y. 2014. Glucosinolate metabolism, functionality and breeding for the improvement of Brassicaceae vegetables. Breeding Science, 64(1):48-59.


12. Jan M., Badar A. 2012. Effect of crude extract of Raphanus sativus roots on isolated trachea of albino rat. Pakistan Journal of Physiology, 8(1):23-26.


13. Kutshik R.J., Jiyil M.K., Mafuyai C.E., Ichor L.L. 2020. Anti-Anaemic Effect of Cnidoscolus chayamansa (Mc Vaugh) Leaf Extract on Phenyl Hydrazine-Treated Rats. Journal of Advancesin Biology and Biotechnology, 23(11):23-32.


14. Lugasi A., Dwoeschak E., Blazovics A., Kery A. 2001. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of squeezed juice from black radish (Raphanus sativus L. var niger) root. Phytotherapy Research, 12(7):502-506.


15. Mahjoubi-Samet A., Fetoui H., Zeghal N. 2008. Nephrotoxicity induced by dimethoate in adult rats and their suckling pups. PesticideBiochemistry and Physiology, 91(2):96-103.


16. Man’s D.R., Rocha A.B., Schwartsmann G. 2000. Anticancer drug discovery and development in Brazil: Targeted plant collection as a rational strategy to acquire candidate anticancer compound. The Oncologist, 5(3):185-98.


17. Nowack R., Flores-Suarez F., Birck R., Schmitt W., Benck U. 2011. Herbal treatments of glomerulonephritis and chronic renal failure: Review and recommendations for research. Journal of Plant Pathology, 3(9):124-136.


18. Ochekpe N.A., Olorunfemi P.O., Ngwuluka N.C. 2009. Nanotechnology and drug delivery part 1: background and applications. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 8(3): 265-274.


19. Rehman K., Akash M.S., Azhar .S., Khan S.A., Abid R., Waseem A., Murtaza G., Sherazi T.A. 2012. A biochemical and histopathologic study showing protection and treatment of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits using vitamin C. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 9(3):360-365.


20. Sadeek R.A., Abd Elsabor R.G., Hassan H.M. Potential protective effects of red radish (Raphanus sativus) in alleviation of health complications caused by ibuprofen. April 2018 Conference: Tenth Annual International Scientific Conference (Specific scientific conference in Egypt and the Arab world in the light of sustainable development strategies). At: Faculty of Specific Education At: Mansoura University.


21. Sadeghi T., Shariati M., Mokhtari M. 2019. The effect of Passiflora caerulea leaf hydroalcohol extract on some biochemical factors in adult male rat. Journal of Animal Physiology and Development, 12(1):59-67.


22. Salah‐Abbès J.B., Abbès S., Ouanes Z., Houas Z., Abdel‐Wahhab M.A., Bacha H., Oueslati R. 2008. Tunisian radish extract (Raphanus sativus) enhances the antioxidant status and protects against oxidative stress induced by zearalenone in Balb/c mice. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 28(1):6-14.


23. Sindhu G., Nishanthi E., Sharmila R. 2015. Nephroprotective effect of vanillic acid against cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity in wistar rats: a biochemical and molecular study. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 39(1):392-404.


24. Sipos P., Hagymasi K., Lugasi A., Feher E., Blazovics A. 2002. Effects of black radish root (Raphanus sativus var niger) on the colon mucosa in rats fed a fat rich diet. Phytotherapy Research, 16(7): 677-679.


25. Suh S.J., Moon S.K., Kim C.H. 2006. Raphanus sativusand its isothiocyanates inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and induce G1 cell cycle. International Immunopharmacology, 6(5): 854–861.


26. Takaya Y., Kondo Y., Furukawa T., Niwa M. 2003. Antioxidant constituents of radish sprout (Kaiware-daikon), Raphanus sativus Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51(27):8061-8066.