An overview of the chemical and geogeological structure changes of ancient DNA and its extraction processes

Subject Areas : Archaeology

Faramarz Rostami Charati ^{1 *} , Parastoo Erfanmanesh ²

1 - Associate Professor. Research Institute of Cultural Heritage & Tourism, RCCCR, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Head of the Biology Laboratory of the Research Institute for Protection and Restoration of Historical- Cultural Monuments Research Institute of Cultural Heritage and Tourism member of the ancient genetics and genealogy working group of Kausar Human Genetics Research Center

Received: 2025-05-27 Accepted : 2025-07-05 Published : 2025-08-22

Keywords: Geoarchaeology, DNA Mitochondria, Genealogy, Archaeology, DNA Chemical Structure,

Abstract :

The use of biological sciences plays an essential role in understanding the culture of each nation and preserving it. The preservation of cultural values ​​as the recognition of the historical identity of each nation, is one of the issues that must be considered in every country and is one of the main priorities of relevant institutions. Considering that the science of archeology and ancient studies and investigations have always tried to reveal the hidden corners of the human past, many tools have come to the aid of this science, and especially in recent decades, this science is armed with the sciences and tools. A novelty among genetic studies has become ancient. In this research, with a review of published findings and based on laboratory experiences, the study of the mechanism of DNA chemical structure destruction and the appropriate methods for its extraction were discussed in such a way that as a result, valuable genetic information was provided to researchers in the field of past genetics. Among these results of human evolution, migration paths, mixing, separation and derivation of ethnic groups from the same degree of kinship of humans or ethnic groups with each other, genealogy, diagnosis of genetic diseases, etc., can be mentioned. DNA is the only molecular fragment in the structure of living organisms, which is the source of identity information, a black box, and the key to their secrets. This fragment reflects the structural information in each period of history.

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