Studying and assessing the origin and structure of Parthian (Clinky) wares in Kordestan province and performing comparative experiments with clay samples taken from Hashemiz village

Subject Areas : Archaeology

Hassam alddin Shahidi Hamedani ¹ , Aliasghar Mirfattah ² , Babak Zhaleh ³

1 - Ph.D student, department of Archaeology and History, University of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Visiting professor of Archaeology, University of Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 - Faculty member, Department of Physics, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

Received: 2023-04-30 Accepted : 2023-07-27 Published : 2023-08-16

Keywords: XRD, Clinky wares, Kordestan province, ( XRF, DTA/TG) experiments,

Abstract :

Taking into account the appropriate conditions and geographical distribution in Kurdistan province, twenty pieces of Clinky pottery were selected by survey method and also by referring to the pottery bank of the cities of this province. Clay samples were also collected from Hashemiz village of Kurdistan province for testing and elemental analysis, with the aim of obtaining production technology and identifying the origin of this type of pottery. Experiments included X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA / TG), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. With the exception of one sample, the analyzes obtained represented a homogeneous chemical and mineralogical group. The observed mineralogical phases were quartz, mica (biotite), potassium feldspar (microcline) and plagioclase (albite and oligocles). From the study of XRD experiments, two samples of native clay of this region, the presence of quartz, kaolinite, mica, feldspar and plagioclase were observed. The presence of a heat sink in differential thermal analysis (DTA / TG) in the control sample and its absence in the sample curve of the pottery showed that the firing temperature of the pottery was higher than 550-600 ° C; This temperature is the stage of transformation of kaolinite to metakaolinite. Baking experiments at temperatures between 400-1200 ° C in the reduction medium showed that the mica mineral disappears at temperatures above 900 ° C. Therefore, the firing temperature of pottery should be between 600-900 degrees Celsius.