Study of genetic diversity of high and low molecular weight glutenins in wheat landraces of Zanjan region, Iran

Subject Areas :

Arash Mohammadi ¹ (Researcher of Olive Research Station of Tarom)
Mostafa Valizadeh ² (Professor of Agriculture Faculty of Tabriz University)
Mohammad Moghaddam ³ (Professor of Agriculture Faculty of Tabriz University)
Yousef Arshad ⁴ (Scientific Board of Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute, Karaj)
Neda Javadian ⁵ (Researcher of Agriculture Faculty of Zanjan University)
Naser Mohebalipour ⁶ (Scientific Board of Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch)

Received: 2007-11-13 Accepted : 2008-07-02 Published : 2008-08-22

Keywords: genetic diversity, electrophoresis, Wheat landraces, High and low molecular weight glutenins,

Abstract :

 In order to evaluate genetic diversity of wheat landraces of Zanjan region of Iran by the electrophoresis of seed storage proteins, 30 accessions from this area were provided from national plant gene bank of Iran in Karaj. Electrophoresis of high molecular weight (HMW-GS) and low molecular weight (LMW-GS) glutenins was undertaken by SDS-PAGE with sequential extraction. For HMW-GS, three tetraploid accessions including TN-11372, TN-11734 and TN-11743 were identified which did not contain any alleles of Glu-D1 locus. In Glu-A1 locus, 83.33% of the landraces had null allele and 16.67% of them had subunit 2*. In Glu-B1 locus, subunits 7+8 had highest frequency (36.67%) and alleles 13+16 and 21 showed lowest frequency (3.33%). One exceptional subunit related to this locus was characterized in accession TN-11384 which named 6*. In Glu-D1 locus, subunits 2+12 were identified in 77.78% of accessions and subunits 3+12 were characterized in other accessions. In Glu-3 locus, 12 LMW subunits were observed with different mobilities and genetic diversity index (H) was 0.844. The high diversity characteristics of seed storage proteins may be useful in identification of varieties and ploidy levels and determining bread making quality in order to improving wheat quality characteristics.

References:

1- ایزدی دربندی، ع.،  ب. یزدی صمدی، س. عبد میشانی، ع. شاه نجات بوشهری و ف. شهریاری. 1381. بررسی پلی مورفیسم الکتروفورزی ارقام گندم نان از نظر زیر واحدهای گلوتنین با وزن مولکولی پایین. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران، جلد 33، شماره 1، 47-37.

2- توحیدفر، ق.، س. عبدمیشانی، و ب. یزدی صمدی. 1377. تعیین رابطه پروتئین‏های ذخیره‏ای دانه (گلوتنین) با ارزش نانوایی لاین‏های پیشرفته گندم از طریق تکنیک الکتروفورز. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران، جلد 29، شماره 3، 615-607.

3- رضایی، ع. 1375. رابطه بین کیفیت آرد و زیرواحدهای با وزن مولکولی بالا در گندم. مجله علوم کشاورزی ایران، جلد 27، شماره1، صفحات 21-11.

4- سفالیان، ا. 1378. بررسی پروتئین‏های ذخیره‏ای گندم‏های بومی آذربایجان‏غربی و ارتباط آن‏ها با طیف پروتئینی خویشاوندان وحشی گندم. پایان‏نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز، 70 صفحه.

5- شهبازی، ح. 1378. بررسی خاصیت  نانوایی گندم‏های بومی آذربایجان از طریق الکتروفورز پروتئین‏ها و ارتباط آن با صفات زراعی و کمی، پایان‏نامه کارشناسی ارشد. دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز، 67 صفحه.

6- عبد میشانی، س. و ع. شاه نجات بوشهری. 1372. اصلاح نباتات تکمیلی (جلد دوم) بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی. چاپ اول. انتشارات دانشگاه تهران. 169-143.

7-گرامی، ب. 1372. استفاده از الکتروفورز در اصلاح گندم. اولین گنگره زراعت و اصلاح نباتات. انتشارات دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران، 269-243.

8- نجفیان، گ.، س. عبد میشانی  و ب. یزدی صمدی. 1376. تأثیر تنوع آللی زیر واحدهای گلوتنین دارای وزن مولکولی زیاد در ارزش نانوایی لاین‏های به‏نژادی گندم نان، مجله علوم کشاورزی، جلد 28، شماره 3، 12-1.

9. Bushuk, W. and R. R. Zillman. 1977. Wheat cultivar identification by gliadin electrophoregrams. I. Apparatus method and nomenclature. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 58: 505-515.

10. Carrillo, J. M., M. Rousset, C. O. Qualset and D. D. Kasarda.1990. Use of recombinant inbred lines of wheat for study of associations of high molecular weight glutenin subunit alleles to quantitative traits.1.Grain yield and quality prediction tests. Theoretical Applied Genetic 79:321-330.

11. Dotlacil, L., E. Gregova, J. Hermuth, Z. Stehno and J. Kraic. 2002. Diversity of HMW-Glu alleles and evaluation of their effects on some characters in vinter wheat landraces and old cultivars. Czech Journal of Genetically Plant Breeding. 38(34):109-116.

12. Flate, N. E. S. and A. K. Uhlan. 2003. Association between allelic variation at the combined Gli-1, Glu-3 loci and protein quality in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of Cereal Science 37:129-137.

13. Gupta, R. B. and K. W. Shepherd.1990. Two-step one dimensional SDS-PAGE analysis of LMW subunits of glutenin.1. Variation and genetic control of the  subunits in hexaploid wheats. Theoretical Applied Genetic 80:65-74.

14. Halford, N. G., J. M. Field, H. P. Blair, K. Moore, L. Robert, R. Thompson, R. B. Falvell,  A. S. Tatham and P. R. Shewry. 1992. Analysis of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) indicates quantitative effects on grain quality. Theoretical Applied Genetic 83:373-378.

15. Jackson, E. A., L. M. Holt and P. I. Payne. 1983. Characterization of high molecular weight glutenin and low molecular weight glutenin subunits of wheat endosperm by two dimensional electrophoresis and the chromosomal localization of their controlling genes. Theoretical Applied Genetic 66:29-37.

16. Laemmli, U.K. 1970. SDS-PAGE. Nature 227:680-685.

17. Lerner, S. E., M. Cogliatti, N. R. Poniza, M. L. Seghezzo, E. R. Molfese and W. J. Rojers. 2004. Genetic variation for grain protein components and industrial quality of durum wheat cultivars sown in Argentina. Journal of Cereal Science (In press).

18. Macritchie, F., D. L. Du Crose and C. W. Wriley. 1990. Flour polypeptides related to wheat quality. Advanced Cereal Science Technology 10:79-145.

19. Nagamine, T., Y. Kai, T. Takayama, T. Yanagisava and S. Taya. 2000. Allelic variation at the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci in southern Japanese wheats and it’s effects on gluten properties. Journal of Cereal Science 32:129-135.

 20. NG., P. K. W., E. Slominisk, W. J. Johanson and W. Bushuk. 1991. Changes in wheat endosperm proteins during grain maturation. In: Bushuk, W. and Tkachuk, R. (Eds.), Gluten proteins. American Association of Cereal Chemistry 5:37-47.

21. Payn, P. I. and G. J. Lawrance. 1983. Catalogue of alleles for the complex gene loci Glu-A1,Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 which code for high molecular weight subunits of glutenin in hexaploid wheat. Cereal Research Communication 11:29-35.

22. Popa, M., E. Gregova and J. Kraic. 2003. Romanian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces characterized by seed storage proteins electrophoresis. Plant Genetic News  letter 135:53-58.

23. Shewry, P. R., A. S. Tatham, J. Forde, M. Kreis and B. J. Miflin. 1996. The classification and nomenclature of wheat gluten proteins: A reassessment, Journal of Cereal Science 4:97-106.

24. Singh, N. K., K. W. Shepherd and G. B. Cornish. 1991. A simplified SDS-PAGE procedure for separating LMW subunits of glutenin. Journal of Cereal Science 14:203-208.

25. Tanaka, H., M. Tomita, H. Tsujimoto and Y. Yasumuro. 2003. Limited but specific variations of seed storaeg proteins in Japanese common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Euphytica 132:167-174.