Effects of water deficit and potassium fertilizer application on the grain yield, yield components and bending moment of rice (Oryza sativa L.) var. Tarom Mahalli

Subject Areas :

Darush Zakavi ¹ (. Department of Agronomy, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.)
Morteza Sam Daliri ² (Department of Agronomy, Chalous Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalous, Iran.)
Hamid Reza Mobasser ³ (Department of Agronomy, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran.)
Salman Dastan ⁴ (Department of Agronomy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. [e-mail])

Received: 2010-09-01 Accepted : 2011-11-21 Published : 2012-01-21

Keywords: Grain yield, Rice, Potassium, Bending moment, irrigation halting,

Abstract :

In order to investigate the effects of water deficit at different growth stages of rice and potassium application on yield, yield components and bending moment of rice a split plot field experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at Nour city in 2009. The main plots were irrigation halting at four levels including irrigation halting at the initiation, middle and end of tillering and at full heading stages, and sub plots were potassium application at four levels including 0, 30, 60 and 90 kg K.h-1. The results showed that irrigation halting at full heading stage decreased significantly tiller numbers per hill, fertile tillers per hill, panicle numbers per m2, 1000 grain weight and grain yield (489.50 g.m-2). The highest number of panicles per m2, grain yield (540.20 g.m-2) and biological yield (1329 g.m-2) were obtained when irrigation halting at the middle tillering stage was used. By increasing potassium application, traits like panicle length, panicle number per m2, 1000 grain weight and grain yield, biological yield and harvest index were rised by 10.48, 12.81, 5.28, 16.39, 6.06 and 10%, respectively. Whereas, plant height and fourth inter node bending moment had been decreased 1.33 and 8.49%, respectively. Except the plant height, other traits were not significant for the interaction effects of irrigation halting and potassium rates. The maximum plant height was observed for the interaction effect of middle tillering stage and control (0 kg K.ha-1). Therefore, at the full heading stage, rice is very sensitive to irrigation halting because of decreasing grain yield and yield component.

References:

Arabzadeh B (2008) Economical analysis of deficit irrigation in transplanting rice. National conference of Agronomical Rice Breeding. Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran. 27-28 November 2008.

Bagheri R, Mobasser HR, Ghanbari-Malidareh A, Dastan S (2011) Effects of seedling age and potassium rate on morphological characteristics, yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Iran. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences 11(2): 261-268.

Bocharnikova EA, Matichenkov V (2008) Using Si fertilizers for reducing irrigation water application rate. Silicon in Agriculture Conference, Wild Coast Sun, South Africa, 26-31 October 2008.

Dahatonde BN (1995) Effect of NPK fertilizer on growth and yield of paddy. PKV Research Journal 19: 184-185.

Dastan S, Ghasemi Mianaii A, Mobasser HR, Arab R, Mirhadi MJ (2011a) Silicon and potassium application effects on agronomical indices and grain yield of rice var. Tarom Hashemi. 12^th Iranian Soil Science Congress, 3-5 September 1995.

Dastan S, Ghasemi Mianaii A, Mobasser HR, Mirhadi MJ (2011b) Silicon and potassium application effects on lodging-related morphological characteristics and quantitative yield of rice var. Tarom Hashemi. 12^th Iranian Soil Science Congress, 3-5 September 2011.

De Detta SK, Mikkelsen DS (1985) Potassium nutrition of rice. In: Munson RD, Summer ME, Bishop WD (Eds), Potassium in Agriculture. American Society of Agronomy, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI, 665-699 pp.

Dobermann  A, Fairhurst T (2000) Nutrient disorders and nutrient management. Hand book series. 190 pp.

Elawad SH, Gascho GJ, Stret JJ (1982) Response of sugar cane to silicate source and rate. I. Growth and yield. Agronomy Journal 74: 781-783. 

Esfahani M, Sadrzadeh M, Kavousi M, Dabbagh Mohammad Nasab A (2005) Effects of different nitrogen and potassium rates on growth, yield and yield components in rice Tarom cultivar. Iranian Journal of Crop Science 7(3): 226-240.

Faghih MM, Mobasser HR, Dastan S, Yadi R (2011a) Effects of irrigation system and potassium application on agronomical indices, grain yield and harvest index of rice var. Shiroodi. 12^th Iranian Soil Science Congress, 3-5 September 2011.

Faghih MM, Tashakori A, Mobasser HR, Yadi R, Dastan S (2011b) Effects of irrigation system and potassium application on lodging-related morphological characteristics and quantitative yield of rice var. Shiroodi. 12^th Iranian Soil Science Congress, 3-5 September 2011.

Grigg BC, Beyrouty CA, Norman RJ, Gbur EE, Hanson M, Wells BR (2000) Rice responses to changes in flood water and N timing in southern USA. Field Crop Research 66: 73-79.

Hsaio TC (1973) Effects of water deficit on photosynthetic capacity. Physiology Plantarum 71:142-149.

Inanaga S, Okasaka A, Tanaka A (1995) Does silicon exist in association with organic compounds in rice plant. Japanese Journal of Soil Science Plant Nutrition 11: 111-117.

Islam MS, Peng RS, Visperas M, Ereful N (2007) Lodging-related morphological traits of hybrid rice in a tropical irrigated ecosystem. Field Crop Research 104: 240- 248.

Marchner H (1995) Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 2^nd Edition. Academic press. 890 pp.

Matsuo T, Kumazawa K, Ishii R, Ishihara K, Hirata J (1995) Science of the rice plant, Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center, Tokoyo, Japan. 1240 pp.

Mengel K, Kirkby A (2001) Principles of plant nutrition. 4^th Edition. International Potash Institute, Burn, Switzerland.

Neumann PM (1993) Rapid and reversible modification of extension capacity of cell walls in elongating maize leaf tissues responding to root addition and removal of NaCl. Plant Cell and Environment 16: 1107-14.

Pantuwan G, Fukai S, Cooper M, Rajatasereekul S, O'Toole JC (2002) Yield response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to drought under rainfed types. Field Crop Research 73: 169–180.

Singh S, Jain MC (2000) Growth and yield response of traditional tall and improved semi-tall rice cultivars to moderate and high nitrogen, phosphorus levels. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 5: 38-46.

Stone L, Goodrum RDE, Jafar MN, Khan AH (2001) Rooting front and water depletion depths in grain sorghum and sunflower. Agronomy Journal 1105-1110.

Tuong TP, Bhuiyan SI (1999) Increasing water use efficiency in rice production: Farm level perspectives. Journal of Agriculture and Water Management  40: 117-122. 

Wilson CE, Salton NA, Dickson PA, Norman RJ, Wells BR (1996) Rice response to phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application. Research series, Arkansas Agriculture Experiment Station 450: 15-18.

Yadi R, Dastan S, Mobasser HR, Arab R (2011) Effects of irrigation halting and silicon application on agronomical indices and grain yield of rice var. Tarom Mahalli. The First Congress of Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, pp. 83-86. 10-12 September 2011.

Yoshida S (1981) Fundamentals of rice crop science. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Lagunna, Philippines. 277 pp.