Effect of irrigation interval and harvesting time on agro-morphological traits of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)
Subject Areas : Agroecology JournalMajid Pouryousef 1 , Sayed Ali Razzaghi Fard 2 , Khalil Jamshidi 3
1 - Assistant professor of Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture College, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
2 - M.Sc Student of Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture College, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
3 - Assistant professor of Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture College, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
Keywords: Morphological traits, anise, Irrigation intervals, Harvesting time,
Abstract :
In order to investigate the effect of irrigation interval and harvesting time on agro-morphological traits of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) a field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan in the spring of 2011. The experiment was conducted as split plot based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Main Factor was irrigation interval at three levels including every 7, 12 and 17 days irrigation and three harvesting times including harvesting at soft dough (waxy), hard dough and full maturity stages were assigned to the sub plots. The results indicated that the effect of irrigation intervals on majority of measured traits including number of umbrella in plant, number of seeds in main branch umbellet, number of seeds in sub branch umbellet, number of sub-branches in plant, number of umbellets in main branch umbrella, plant height, grain yield and biomass was significant. Majority of measured traits significantly decreased with increment in irrigation interval from 7 to 17 days. So, the highest biomass (1845.89 kg.ha-1) and grain yield (636.07 kg.ha-1) were obtained in 7 days irrigation interval and the lowest amount of the mentioned traits was observed in 17 days irrigation interval. Harvesting time had significant effect on some of traits including number of seeds in sub-branch umbellet, biomass and grain yield. With delay in harvesting time from hard dough to full maturity stage, number of seeds in sub-branch umbellet, biomass and grain yield decreased, significantly. So, the highest biomass (1474.33 kg.ha-1) and grain yield (474.15 kg.ha-1) were obtained in hard dough stage and the lowest amount of the mentioned traits were obtained in soft dough stage.
Akbarinia A, Khosravi Fard M, Sharifi Ashorabadi A Babakhanlo P (2005) The effect of irrigation intervals on yield and agronomic traits of Nigella sativa. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches (1) 21: 65-73.
Bannayan M, Nadjafi F, Azizi M, Tabrizi L, Rastgoo M (2008) Yield and seed quality of Plantago ovata and Nigella sativa under different irrigation treatments. Industrial Crops and Products 27: 11-16.
El-Mesiry TA, Azza AMM (2000) Response of Pimpinella anisum L. to gamma irradiation and irrigation intervals. Annals of Agricultural Science (38) 2: 795- 811.
Farahza Kazemi S, Farahi Ashtiani S, Sharifi Ashorabadi A (2002) Effect of water stress on yield components of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Pajohesh va Sazandegi 15(54): 42-45. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Fenwick Kelly A, George RAT (1998) Encyclopedia of seed production of world crops. John Wiley and Sons, England. 832 pp.
Fischer RA, Maurer R (1987) Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars. I. Grain yield responses. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 29: 897 – 912.
Ganpat S, Ishwar S, Bhati DS (1992) Response of blond psyllium (Plantago ovata) to irrigation and split application of nitrogen. Indian Journal of Agronomy 37: 880-881.
Haidari N (2010) Effects of water stress and harvesting time on some ecophysiological traits and essence of anise. M. Sc Thesis. University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Heidari N, Pouryousef M, Tavakkoli A, Saba J (2012) Effect of drought stress and harvesting date on yield and essential oil production of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (28) 1: 121-130.
Hsiao TC (1973) Plant responses to water stress. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 24: 519–570.
Kordvani P (1988) Arid region. Tehran University Press. 552 pp.
Mahasi MJ, Pathak RS, Wachiva FN, Riungu TC, kinyaa MG, Kamundia JW (2006) Correlation and path coefficient analysis in exotic safflower genotype tested in the arid and semi arid land of Kenya. Journal of Experimental Botany 46: 65-73.
Manivannan P, Abdul Jaleel C, Sankar B, Kishorekumar A, somasunda-ram R, Lakshmanan GMA, Panneerselvam R (2007) Growth, biochemical modification and prolin metabolism in Helianthus annus as induced by drought stress. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointrfeces 59: 141-149.
Nurhan TD, Vazquez RS (2005) Effect of water stress on plant growth and thymol and carvacrol concentrations in Mexican oregano grown under controlled conditions. Journal of Applied Horticulture 7(1): 20-22.
Omidbaigi R (2007) Production and processing of medicinal plants. Vol 3. Astane Ghods Razavi Press. 378 pp.
Ozel A (2009) Anise (Pimpinella anisum): changes in yields and component composition on harvesting at different stages of plant maturity. Experimental Agriculture 45: 117-126.
Randhawa GS, Gill BS, Raychaudhuri SP (1992) Optimizing agronomic reguirements of anise (pimpinella anisum L.) in the Punjab. Recent Advances in Medicinal, Aromatic and Spice Crops 2: 413-416.
Rezaei M, Jaimand K, Majd A, Madah M (2001). Effect of harvesting time on quality and quantity of essential oil from different organs of fennel. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 11: 11-23. [In Persian with English Abstract].
Zehtab-Salmasi S, Ghasemi-Golezani K, Moghbeli S (2006) Effect of sowing date and limited irrigation on the seed yield and quality of dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Turk Agricultural Foresty Journal 30: 1-6.
_||_