The intrinsic approach to knowledge in explanation scientific theories point of view Shahid Sadr

Subject Areas : Epistemological researches

Hossein Malekshahiyan ^{1 *} , Ali Asghar Jafari Vlani ²

1 - - Ph.D.Candidate of Shahid Motahari University hossein56malekshahiyan
2 - - Associate Professor, Shahid Motahari University, Department of Philosophy and Islamic Theology

Received: 2025-09-24 Accepted : 2025-11-01 Published : 2025-11-22

Keywords: Scientific theories, causality, induction, Shahid Sadr, rational approach, experimental approach , intrinsic approach,

Abstract :

Scientific theories are general and generalized propositions that have gained their generality and generalization through induction from the repetition of specific observations. Regarding this process from the specific to the general and the generalization that is in induction, various approaches have been proposed. Some have explained this generalization through analogy and a series of rational a priori propositions with a rational approach. The representative of this approach is Aristotelian logic, and others have had various attitudes towards this generalization with an empirical and sensory approach. Some have made this generalization certain and reliable through broader and more inclusive induction, and some have preferred this generalization to its absence and have accepted it as a given. However, the other group has rejected this generalization as illogical and has given a psychological interpretation to the problem of induction, considering it a habit of the mind and not assigning any logical value to it.

By examining these approaches  , Shahid Sadr considers some of them to be relevant and presents an approach specific to himself. He calls this approach the "intrinsic approach to knowledge." In this approach, in line with the development and growth of knowledge, he considers the conclusion to be of two types: "subjective generation" and "intrinsic generation." He states that the problem with Aristotelian logic in explaining the generalization of induction is that it concludes only by subjective generation, while most of the conclusions are made by intrinsic generation. This conclusion is only specific to his proposed approach 

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